1, the thought of harmony between man and nature: in Xunzi's view, heaven is nature, without reason, meaning, goodness, evil and likes and dislikes. Heaven is a natural day, not a personality god. He called it the subtle functions of yin and yang, wind and rain, etc. God, and the nature formed by this function is called heaven. The creation of the universe is not created by God, but the result of the movement of all things themselves.
2. The idea of "Heaven never shuts one door but opens another": Xunzi believes that heaven is not mysterious and changeable, but has its own unchangeable laws. This law is not a mysterious heaven, but a natural inevitability, which changes independently of human likes and dislikes. People can't violate this law, but only strictly abide by it.
3. The idea of "controlling the destiny and using it": In Xunzi's view, instead of blindly believing in the authority of heaven, worshiping and praising it and waiting for the gift of "heaven", it is better to serve people with the laws of nature. Xun Kuang emphasized that "the venerable man is in himself" rather than "the admirer is in heaven". Even the attitude towards heaven is regarded as the criterion for distinguishing between a gentleman and a villain. It emphasizes people's subjective initiative in front of nature and advocates the idea of "dominating fate", "cutting everything" and "turning it into things".
Extended data
Xunzi's Confucian standpoint
Xunzi's position in the Confucian system can be understood from the following three aspects:
1. Xunxue has the spirit of academic criticism and inclusive consciousness, which embodies the historical trend of academic integration during the Warring States Period. No matter from which point of view, the academic history and ideological history value of Xunzi is worth exploring.
2. Xunzi made a great contribution to the teaching of Confucian classics. Confucianism in Han Dynasty originated not only from Xunzi, but also from the study of The Book of Songs and even the Spring and Autumn Annals.
Wang Zhong, a Confucian scholar in the Qing Dynasty, wrote the General Theory of Xunqing Zi, arguing that "Xunqing's learning originated from Confucius, and he made a detailed textual research on Xunzi's Classic Biography, which was basically recognized by scholars who studied the history of Confucian classics. Contemporary scholar Xu also spoke highly of Xunzi's position in the history of Confucian classics.
3. Xunzi pays attention to the changes in the real world and is full of dedication. Xunzi gave lectures in Qi, served as an official in Chu, discussed soldiers in Zhao, discussed politics in Yan and discussed customs in Qin, which had no influence on the society at that time.
Confucius did not enter Qin, but Xunzi praised Qin's politics and customs, and criticized him for "lack of Confucianism". This shows that he is still trying to expand the political space of Confucianism on the premise of adhering to the basic beliefs of Confucianism.
Swinging between politics and scholarship, Xunzi's practical learning spirit should be the goal of Dong Zhongshu, a Confucian scholar in Han Dynasty. They all contributed to the adaptation of Confucianism to the times and the search for new development.
Baidu encyclopedia-Xunzi