After the release of the "Action Plan for the Development and Promotion of County Senior High Schools during the Tenth Five-Year Plan" (hereinafter referred to as the "Action Plan"), the topic of revitalization within the county has not diminished. Especially during the two sessions this year, the deputies were full of expectations for the revitalization of the county, and made suggestions on how to fundamentally improve the development capacity of the county, how to enhance the hematopoietic function within the county, and how to standardize the enrollment of ordinary high schools.
In recent years, counties are in trouble, which is inseparable from the loss of high-quality students and excellent teachers. Due to the nonstandard enrollment in high schools, many teachers choose to leave because of the loss of high-quality students in the county. The loss of teachers accelerates the flight of students, thus forming a vicious circle. For this reason, the first basic principle of the action plan is to "adhere to the source management": standardize the enrollment order of ordinary high schools, stabilize the high-quality students in the county, attract outstanding talents to teach in the county for a long time, stimulate the vitality of running schools in the county, and promote the sustained and healthy development of the county. It can be said that standardizing enrollment is an important guarantee to stabilize the high-quality students in the county, and it is also a strategic measure to revitalize the county.
Ordinary high school enrollment violations, especially those for high-quality students in the county, mainly include the following categories:
Some ordinary high schools enroll students ahead of the enrollment time stipulated by the education department, and recruit some students with high scores in the senior high school entrance examination to the school in advance to achieve the goal of "pinching the top in advance".
Some ordinary high schools do not enroll students strictly according to the determined enrollment plan. This super-planned enrollment has led to the rapid expansion of some high schools and the formation of super-large schools and classes, which will also affect the quality of education and teaching.
Some ordinary high schools recruit students outside the designated areas and compete for high-quality students from other counties (cities, districts), which directly affects the development of ordinary high schools in other counties (cities, districts) and damages the benign development of ordinary high school education in the region. What is more prominent is that "super middle schools" in some places, or "high-quality high schools" built in cities and provinces, compete for students across regions, resulting in "super middle schools are too late, and nothing grows in the county".
Some famous public ordinary high schools try to grab students by running private schools. Before the revision, the Regulations on the Implementation of the Law on the Promotion of Private Education in People's Republic of China (PRC) (hereinafter referred to as the Regulations) stipulated that private high schools run by public ordinary high schools can independently determine the enrollment scope, standards and methods under the condition of "five autonomy". However, some private high schools can't really achieve "five independence" with public high schools (the revised implementation regulations further expand the requirement of "five independence" to "six independence"), that is, private high schools held by public high schools often enroll students in the name of private high schools across regions and in advance, and the enrolled students share teaching and campus and teachers with public high schools. This mixed enrollment of public and private students not only harms other private schools, but also harms other public schools.
Some ordinary high schools compete for students by means of high scholarships, waiving tuition fees or exaggerating the enrollment rate, which is unfair competition and damages the students of other ordinary high schools in the region, especially those in counties with weak financial resources.
In the actual enrollment process, many irregularities are often intertwined, such as early enrollment, over-planned enrollment, cross-regional enrollment, and high material rewards enrollment. It can be said that these acts of competing for students directly caused the loss of high-quality students in the county, which led to the county being in trouble.
In addition to the management system and management system, the phenomenon of illegal enrollment in ordinary high schools is caused by the deviation of educational achievements and quality in some places and high schools.
Some high schools belong to counties (districts), some to cities and some to provinces. Therefore, some schools enroll students in the county, some schools enroll students in the city, and some schools can enroll students across the city. The multiplicity of management subjects and the diversity of enrollment areas have had a certain negative impact on county enrollment, which needs to be re-examined. However, at present, the fierce competition for students in some places is mainly all kinds of unauthorized illegal cross-regional enrollment.
In some places, there is a lack of restraint mechanism, and the education authorities are not strict, which leads to frequent over-planned enrollment and illegal cross-regional enrollment in senior high schools. In addition, the revised "Implementation Regulations" clearly defines the requirements of "six independences" for the management of public or private high schools, but in some places, "public participation" in high schools has not been standardized, which may become a potential risk of illegal enrollment.
Many counties or cities concentrate on running only one or two ordinary high schools and turn a blind eye to some illegal enrollment behaviors, which also leads to an increasing trend of illegal competition for students. There is nothing wrong with wanting a school to achieve a high enrollment rate, but how to fight for it is worth thinking about. Improving quality is the lifeline of high school development. It seems that schools can "prosper" for a while by blindly competing for students to improve the enrollment rate, but it is doomed to have no lasting vitality.
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China has implemented the plan of popularizing high school education, and the resources for running schools at county level have obviously expanded. At the same time, the state also attaches great importance to the standardized enrollment of ordinary high schools. From 20 17 to 202 1, many documents issued by the state are related to standardizing the enrollment order of ordinary high schools.
20 17 "General Education Plan for Senior High Schools (20 17—2020)" clearly stated that it is strictly forbidden for public senior high schools to enroll students illegally across regions and beyond the plan, compete for students, affect the normal enrollment of other schools, and strengthen the enrollment management of private senior high schools according to law. The Opinions on Deepening Education and Teaching Reform and Improving the Quality of Compulsory Education issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on 20 19 requires that public private senior high schools enroll students simultaneously according to the enrollment plan, scope, standards and methods uniformly approved by the examination and approval authorities. It is not difficult to see that "citizens recruit together" is not only the requirement of compulsory education enrollment, but also the requirement of ordinary high school enrollment.
202 1 The revised Implementation Regulations put forward that private schools that implement preschool education and academic education enjoy the same enrollment rights as similar public schools at the same level, and can independently determine the enrollment standards and methods within the school scale approved by the examination and approval authorities, and enroll students at the same time as public schools. Private schools that implement ordinary high school education should enroll students mainly in the city where the school is located. If they meet the relevant provisions of the education administrative departments of the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, they can enroll students across regions. Legally, the enrollment scope of private ordinary high schools has been further clarified.
The "Key Tasks" part of the 20021Action Plan emphasizes that the enrollment model based on the examination results of junior high school level and comprehensive quality evaluation should be comprehensively promoted, and efforts should be made to build a standardized and orderly enrollment mechanism with strong supervision, resolutely put an end to illegal cross-regional enrollment, prevent excessive loss of students in counties, and maintain a good educational ecology; In the "main measures" part, we should clearly strengthen the responsibility of provincial overall planning, the main responsibility of prefecture-level and the responsibility of county-level implementation, fully implement the policy of simultaneous enrollment and territorial enrollment of private ordinary high schools, improve the enrollment methods of high-quality ordinary high schools, standardize special types of enrollment, and promote the development of county diversification. All localities should comprehensively establish a unified enrollment and admission network platform for prefecture-level ordinary high schools, encourage qualified places to establish a unified enrollment and admission network platform at the provincial level, strengthen the supervision of enrollment, and increase the investigation and punishment of illegal enrollment.
Judging from the evolution of the enrollment policy of ordinary high schools, in recent years, the requirements of the state for the enrollment order have become more and more clear and strict, and the territorial enrollment and citizen recruitment of ordinary high schools have risen to the requirements of the state law.
To implement the policy requirements of standardizing the enrollment management of ordinary high schools in the action plan and stabilize the high-quality students in the county, it is necessary for the county and city party committees and governments, local education administrative departments, schools and parents to earnestly perform their respective duties and form a joint force.
To standardize the enrollment of ordinary high schools, we need to be sincere and see the truth clearly, and local education administrative departments need to further strengthen governance. It is necessary to improve the enrollment management regulations, standardize the enrollment behavior of schools, further clarify the basic requirements such as enrollment scope and enrollment scale, prohibit public ordinary high schools from enrolling students in advance and beyond the plan, prevent vicious competition such as attracting students with high material rewards, and maintain the normal enrollment order. All localities, especially provincial education administrative departments, should further improve relevant regulations, correct school-running ideas, strengthen supervision, and create a good environment for fair competition in schools and healthy development of counties in accordance with the requirements of the Action Plan. For private high schools, local education administrative departments should delimit the enrollment scope of private high schools in accordance with the requirements of the revised implementation regulations, and require private high schools to effectively achieve "the same recruitment for the people." For "public participation" high schools, we should focus on reviewing "six autonomy" and strengthen the supervision of their enrollment behavior. Party committees, governments and senior high schools in counties and cities should change the idea of one-sided pursuit of enrollment rate and establish a scientific view of achievements and quality. Party committees and governments in counties and cities should have a scientific orientation and accurate understanding of the layout of ordinary high schools in counties and cities, change the traditional concept of "one school dominates the university" in counties and cities, and gradually reverse the tendency of "only scores" and "only entering higher schools". To measure the quality of running a county, the enrollment rate is not the only standard, but a multi-dimensional evaluation standard is used to actively promote the development of county characteristics.
Schools should change the orientation of one-sided pursuit of enrollment rate and establish the concept of quality education for all students and promote their all-round development. Local governments and schools are gradually changing the orientation of "only seeking further education", but at the same time, they should also help parents establish a correct concept of success. Under the impetus of scientific outlook on achievements, quality and success, we can fundamentally control the illegal enrollment behavior and truly form a good environment for county revitalization.
(The author is vice president and researcher of China Academy of Educational Sciences)
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Urban-rural mobility is still the main driving force of urban-rural population mobility.
According to the data of the seventh population census in China in 2020, the floating population in China is still growing at a high speed, while the urbanization rate of registered population is relatively lagging behind, the floating population in urban and rural areas is still the main force in the urbanization development of China. In 2020, China's floating population reached 376 million, an increase of 65438+55 million compared with 20 10, which continued the rapid growth of floating population since 1990.
In 2000, 20 10 and 2020, the proportion of floating population in urban and rural areas was 52.2%, 63.2% and 66.3% respectively. The floating population in urban and rural areas is still the main driving force for the growth of floating population, and about two-thirds of the floating population choose to move to the nearest province.
The number of high schools and students in counties, towns and rural areas accounts for half of ordinary high schools in China.
According to statistics, in 2020, there will be 1.42 million ordinary high schools in China, including 6044 county and town high schools and 777 rural high schools, accounting for 47.92% of the total number of ordinary high schools in China. There are 24,944,500 students enrolled in ordinary high schools in China,1171680,000 students enrolled in rural high schools, and 905 100 students enrolled in rural high schools, accounting for 50.60% of the total number of students enrolled in ordinary high schools in China. Judging from the division of counties, county and town ordinary high schools are the main part of the county's ordinary high schools, accounting for about 90%.
The number of schools in China county is declining.
According to statistics, from 20 10 to 2020, the number of urban ordinary high schools will increase from 5,494 to 74 14, the number of county and township ordinary high schools will decrease from 7 136 to 6,044, and the number of rural ordinary high schools will decrease from 1428 to 77.
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The Policy Evolution of County Senior High Schools in Recent Years
20 17 In March, the Ministry of Education, the National Development and Reform Commission and other four departments issued the "Senior High School Education Popularization Plan (20 17-2020)", demanding that by 2020, senior high school education should be popularized throughout the country, with the gross enrollment rate of all provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) reaching over 90%, with a focus on solving the problem of insufficient educational resources in poverty-stricken areas.
In March, 20021,"Government Work Report" proposed "strengthening the construction of county high schools".
In 20021,110/0, the State Council approved the Tenth Five-Year Public Service Plan, which was issued in February 65438, demanding "to study and formulate the development and upgrading plan of county-level ordinary high schools, comprehensively strengthen the county-level construction" and "to implement the county-level trusteeship assistance project and accelerate the improvement of the overall school-running level".
In February, 2002165438+,the Ministry of Education, the National Development and Reform Commission and other nine departments issued the Action Plan for the Development and Promotion of Ordinary High Schools in Counties, which clearly stated that by 2025, the overall level of running schools in counties will be significantly improved, the coordinated development mechanism between ordinary high schools in counties and urban areas will be basically sound, and ordinary high schools and secondary vocational education will develop in a coordinated manner, thus promoting the increase of the gross enrollment rate of senior high schools in China.
China Education News, 3rd edition, April 9, 2022.