The Northern Song Dynasty perished on 1 127, A.D. 1 127. After the change of Jingkang, Zhao Gou, the ninth son of Song Huizong, survived and made Tianfu (now Shangqiu, Henan) his capital. 1 138, the Song Dynasty moved its capital to Lin 'an House (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang). In A.D. 1 14 1, Song and Jin reached a peace agreement in Shaoxing. In the Southern Song Dynasty, the area north of the Huaihe River was abandoned and the Huaihe River-Dasanguan was the dividing line between the two sides. 1279, the Southern Song Dynasty was destroyed by the Yuan Dynasty. The Song Dynasty lasted 18 emperors and ruled for 320 years. Although the Northern Song Dynasty ended the division of the North and the South since the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, it failed to restore the old frontier of Han and Tang Dynasties, and Liao, Jin and Xixia in the north always posed a serious threat to the Song Dynasty. The Northern Song Dynasty was prosperous in economy and developed in culture. In the era of Song Huizong, the population of China reached more than 46.7 million, but it was not a military power. The Southern Song Dynasty lost more than half of China's rivers and mountains, and fought with Shanxi Jinbing. Failure is not just failure. In the end, although he was attacked by the Mongolian army from north to south, gold was avenged, but he soon died in the hands of the Mongols.

The Song Dynasty was a period of cultural transformation in China. Confucianism in Han and Tang dynasties and its traditional values have been comprehensively challenged. Literature, history, philosophy, art and education are of epoch-making significance in the cultural history of China. It is worth mentioning that although the emperors of the Song Dynasty had mediocre or bad kings like Hui Zong, Qin Zong and Gao Zong, they did not have tyrants.