1. dictionary: a language reference book that collects words and phrases in various languages, gives spelling, pronunciation, meaning explanation and other information, and arranges them in word order so that readers can consult specific word information at any time. Such reference books include language dictionaries, biographical dictionaries, place names dictionaries and knowledge dictionaries. If you have the following questions, such as source, derivation, usage, synonyms and antonyms, dialects, slang, abbreviations, phrases and uncommon words, please look for these reference books directly. Commonly used word dictionaries are: Ci Hai; Concise Oxford English Dictionary; Oxford English etymology dictionary = Oxford English etymology; Webster's English synonym dictionary = Webster's new synonym dictionary; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Technical Terms = McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Technical Terms; Longman Dictionary of Scientific Usage = Longman Dictionary of Scientific Idioms; New English-Chinese Dictionary of Sci-tech Abbreviations; New English-Chinese Dictionary of Sci-tech Abbreviations: Chinese Dictionary; A comparative dictionary of synonyms and antonyms; World dictionary of scientific names; Japanese-Chinese translation dictionary of world place names; 055-79000 and many professional dictionaries. 2. Encyclopedia: Encyclopedia is an important knowledge-intensive reference book, which summarizes and organizes the accumulated knowledge in the world and is the summary of encyclopedia knowledge. This is an ideal reference book. You will use the encyclopedia to look up the following questions, such as: concepts, definitions, background materials, biographical materials, place names, organizations, normative materials, image materials, events, activities, strange things and other general factual consultation questions. Commonly used encyclopedias are: English-Chinese dictionary of science and technology; 055-79000 (Chinese and English version); 055-79000 (Chinese and English version); Encyclopedia of China; Encyclopedia of New Britain; Encyclopedia americana = encyclopedia americana; Encyclopedia of Bruckhaus; Encyclopedia of computer science and technology; 055-79000 and so on. 3. Yearbook: (Yearbook/Yearbook and Yearbook): It is a reference book published year by year, providing current information of banks in corresponding years. Fortunately, it is often called a mini-encyclopedia. It is not only a comprehensive reference tool for all kinds of dynamic materials, facts and data, but also a basic information source for compiling encyclopedia reference books. There are three English expressions of yearbook: yearbook, yearbook and yearbook. The western language yearbook mainly provides dynamic data, latest information and continuous statistics of the previous year in the form of description and statistics. Generally, only current data is accepted, and retrospective data is not accepted; Annual yearbooks generally comprehensively review the progress of a certain field year by year, mostly special yearbooks. The content is limited to the new materials of the current corresponding year. The word yearbook means camel resting on his knees in Arabic. Over time, it means a yearbook publication with calendar knowledge as the classic and production knowledge and social life as the latitude. Different from yearbook in content, yearbook does not include retrospective data; The yearbook has retrospective data. But in use, they are regarded as the same kind of reference books. Commonly used popular yearbooks are: McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology; Encyclopedia of mathematics; Encyclopedia of chemical engineering; Encyclopedia of biographies of scientists; TheEuropaWorldYearBook = European world yearbook; The annual register: are cord of world events = yearbook of world events; 《thealmanacofcyprus 1999》； China Statistical Yearbook; China demographic yearbook; China Economic Yearbook; Yearbook of China Special Economic Zone Development Zone; 055-79000 and so on. For the types of yearbooks, please refer to the homepage-reference book reading room yearbook list. 4. Handbook: a reference book that provides basic knowledge and practical information in professional fields concisely. It is convenient to view professional knowledge and specific practical materials. The content is often expressed in the form of narrative, list or chart, which collects relevant facts, data, formulas, symbols, terms, operating procedures and other specialized specific materials for a professional discipline or department. Handwork can be divided into comprehensive handwork and professional handwork. Commonly used manuals are: China Education Statistics Yearbook; China Film Yearbook; China Yearbook; Yearbook of World Knowledge; American yearbook; Handbook of chemistry and physics; Handbook of Organic Chemistry in Berstein = Handbook of Organic Chemistry in Berstein; Gemlinhandbucheranorganischerchemie = gamelin handbook of inorganic chemistry; NMR Spectrum Parameter Manual = NMR Spectrum Data Manual; Langer's Handbook of Chemistry = Langer's Handbook of Chemistry; Handbook of thermodynamic data of inorganic materials; Handbook of physical chemistry; 055-79000 and so on. Manual, yearbook and encyclopedia have similarities and differences. How to distinguish them? The similarity between Manual and Yearbook lies in that they contain abundant facts, data and other practical information. The difference between the two is that the manual provides mature established knowledge and recognized facts and data. New knowledge and materials are not involved in the current development process; Yearbooks provide knowledge and dynamic information in the process of development. Therefore, the manual is used to check the actual information traced back; Yearbooks are the main source of new information and materials.

The similarity between manual and professional encyclopedia lies in that they both provide comprehensive and mature knowledge and materials for a certain professional field; Difference: the manual focuses on collecting practical information such as special facts and data, and generally does not pay attention to in-depth discussion; Special encyclopedias emphasize the systematic and comprehensive exposition of specialized subject knowledge, rather than providing practical information. It is mainly a reference book about the basic knowledge and background information of a certain subject. Compared with yearbook encyclopedia, the similarity lies in that both of them contain encyclopedia knowledge and background materials; The difference is that yearbooks provide the latest dynamic information in time, while encyclopedias focus on providing established retrospective information systematically. 5. Standards: uniform provisions on repetitive matters and concepts. It is based on the comprehensive achievements of science, technology and practical experience, and it is published in a specific form with the consent of all parties concerned and the approval of the competent department as the criterion and basis for common compliance. According to the contents involved in the standards, they are divided into: basic standards, product standards, method standards and safety and environmental protection standards; According to the effective scope of standard implementation, it is divided into international standards, international regional standards, national standards, industry standards, local standards and enterprise standards. In order to facilitate the management, retrieval and use of standards, all countries have a standard number and its structure is similar. The key Chinese and foreign language standards collected in our laboratory and their retrieval methods are as follows: A. United Nations Manual (American Society for Testing and Materials), standard number: the year when the standard code ASTM letter number was formulated (the year of re-approval), for example: ASTMA509-68( 1980), and several commonly used letters are marked as: T- (tentative) trial standard, M-. Such as -8 1b and -69at. There are two retrieval methods: standard serial number retrieval and keyword retrieval. When searching, you can use the serial number general index of volume 00.0 1 first, or index according to the keyword index and serial number attached to each professional volume. But the searcher must be able to judge which standard volume belongs to this category. B.VDI (standard document of the Federal German Association for Science and Technology) (see the special collection in the reference room of the library homepage for details): VDI professional associations include: VDI Architectural Engineering Association, VDI Energy Engineering Association, Vehicle Engineering Association, VDI/VDE Precision Engineering Association, Design and Development Association, Plastics Association, Noise Reduction Association, Agricultural Technology Association, Logistics and Transportation Engineering Association, VDI/VDE Testing and Adjusting Technology Association and Production Technology Association. The name of the VDI standard is: regulations of the German Institute of Engineers, and the number of the VDI standard is: four-digit standard code VDI or four-digit VDI/VDE；; The vdi retrieval tool is Verzeichenisaller Guligenvdi-RichtlinienundHandbucher = Directory of all current VDI guides and manuals, August 2000. C. The handbook of foreign scientific and technological core journals is of great significance to the national economic and technological development, and it is necessary to unify the technical requirements nationwide. Organized and formulated by the State Bureau of Technical Supervision, and uniformly approved, numbered and published. The serial number consists of the code of the national standard, the serial number of the national standard and the year of publication. Among them, the codes of national standards are composed of capital Chinese pinyin letters: the mandatory national standard code is GB, and the recommended national standard code is GB/T, such as: GB3259-92 "Chinese pinyin spelling of books and titles in China"; Gb/t 13745-92 subject classification and code; GB/T3860- 1995 document description indexing rules. When searching, you can select a mechanical engineering manual within the standard serial number range. If you don't know the standard number, you should consult the relevant reference books such as standard catalogue and standard compilation for reference. There are also some compiled standards, including national standards, industry standards, departmental standards and enterprise standards. 6. Biography: including biographical dictionary, figures and biographical catalogue.

7. Geographical reference books (toponymic dictionaries, maps and atlases, guidebooks): including toponymic dictionaries, toponymic dictionaries, toponymic translation manuals, maps and atlases, tourist guides, etc. Such as rubber industry manual; Handbook of solvents; Electronic equipment data manual; ASTM Standard: American Society for Testing Materials; Chinese national standards; Compilation of Chinese national standards; 055-79000 and so on. 8. Directory: It is a reference book that systematically records the names, addresses and profiles of government departments, academic organizations or academic institutions, factories and enterprises. Commonly used are: concise dictionary of scientific biographies = concise dictionary of biographies of scientists; Americanmenandwomenofscience who's who in the world; Biography index of Beijing-Tianjin local chronicles; English name translation manual; Dictionary of world geographical names; World geographical names index; Handbook of World Geographical Names Translation; World Atlas; 055-79000 and so on.