(1) Cognitive learning view: ① The essence of learning lies in actively forming cognitive structure; ② Learning includes three processes: acquisition, transformation and evaluation.
(2) Structural teaching view: ① The purpose of teaching is to understand the basic structure of the subject; ② The teaching principles of mastering the basic structure of the subject include motivation principle, structure principle, procedure principle and reinforcement principle.
(3) Bruner is an advocate of discovery learning. It is found that the main feature of learning is that the main contents of learning (such as concepts and rules) are not directly provided to learners, but only clues or examples related to the learning content. Learners must go through the process of self-discovery in order to draw conclusions or find answers to questions. Bruner believes that in the process of learning, learners are masters rather than passive recipients, and learning is not just a series of connections between stimulus and response. Teachers also play a role in the learning process. They should arrange learning and inspiring situations for students to ask and solve problems.
The significance of today's educational reform;
(1) As a teacher in an institution of higher learning, we should first make clear which elements are included in the cognitive structure of students to be constructed, and it is best to draw the coding system diagram of each element. On this basis, teachers should take effective measures to help students acquire, transform and evaluate knowledge, so that the knowledge structure of subjects can be transformed into students' cognitive structure, and the dead knowledge in books can be transformed into students' own living knowledge.
(2) In order to promote the development of college students' good cognitive structure, teachers should first analyze the teaching materials comprehensively and deeply, and make clear the basic concepts and principles contained in the subject itself and their relationships. Only in this way can we guide students to deepen their understanding of the structure of teaching materials.