This age is the best age for children to study. Children of this age have strong imitation ability, quick acceptance ability and great curiosity. It can be said that whatever you teach him, he will become what you want.
Early education is not to teach children some knowledge (such as English, mathematics, specialties, etc.). Of course, if children are really interested, we should provide them with the corresponding environment. It is important to give children full play to their own space and conditions, give them opportunities to show themselves and take care of themselves, and let their abilities develop well.
As we all know, children will suddenly change a lot when they are 3 years old. Some children become very disobedient and stubborn, and some children suddenly become very unstable. Three-year-old children have become much more capable than before. They will keep asking their parents. If these demands are not met, they will cry and make a scene. The body of a 3-year-old child is changing and improving every day. Their knowledge and experience, ability to understand things, social skills, language and thinking are all improving.
Now let's see what children aged 3 -6 should learn.
Learning Chinese characters plays an obvious role in developing intelligence: if you start learning at the age of five, your IQ will reach110 one year before you enter school; If you start studying at the age of four and study for two years, your IQ will reach120; If you start studying at the age of three and study for three years, your IQ will reach about 130. The significance of early concentrated and rapid literacy lies in training children's memory, developing their potential ability, cultivating and improving their comprehensive quality and developing their intelligence. It is necessary to carry out early, concentrated and rapid literacy education for children in time. Before the age of 6, it is a "golden education period". Children at this stage have the best memory effect. If you miss this stage, you have to relearn it six or seven times. The brain of a 3-6-year-old child is like a blank disk. For them, memory is not a burden, but a physiological need. If we miss this period, it will be irreparable for life.
Finally, we should pay attention to children's early education.
1, caring and caressing children. Give them more smiles and be more interested in what they do. When they make mistakes, they can't measure their mistakes by adult standards, but mainly encourage them.
2. Let children learn to be independent and learn to be independent. Respect their needs, their hobbies, encourage them to express their thoughts and feelings, discuss with them more when things happen, listen to their opinions, allow them to make their own choices and decisions, and tolerate children and parents having different opinions.
3. Make children feel happy. Provide them with time, places and toys for games, and encourage and support their hobbies. Although children's leading activity is learning after entering school, games are still an indispensable part of it.
4. Treat children's academic performance correctly.
5. Save some face for your child, and don't scold your child in front of other children.
6. Be children's friends, actively participate in children's hobbies, and make children's lives meaningful and colorful.
Editors of Learning and Development Guides for Children Aged 3-6
In order to thoroughly implement the Outline of the National Medium and Long-term Education Reform and Development Plan (20 10-2020) and the State Council's Opinions on the Current Development of Preschool Education (Guo Fa [20/KLOC-0] No.41), guide kindergartens and families to implement scientific conservation and education, and promote the comprehensive and harmonious development of children's body and mind, Ministry of Education of China
The Guide describes children's learning and development from five areas: health, language, society, science and art, and puts forward reasonable expectations for what children should know, do and achieve at the end of three age groups: 3 to 4 years old, 4 to 5 years old and 5 to 6 years old. At the same time, in view of the common puzzles and misunderstandings in preschool education, it provides concrete and operable guidance and suggestions for parents and kindergarten teachers. [2]
The guide was formulated in 2006. The expert group analyzed and compared the relevant contents of 13 countries' guidelines for children's learning and development, and spent two years extensively soliciting the opinions of kindergarten directors, teachers and parents, and selected 3,600 children and their parents in the eastern, central and western regions of the country as the survey objects. Before the official version of the Guide was published, it solicited opinions from the education administrative departments of provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) and relevant normal colleges twice, and publicly solicited opinions on the portal website of the Ministry of Education.
The person in charge of the Steering Committee of Preschool Education Experts of the Ministry of Education introduced that the guide emphasizes the need to fully understand the educational value of life and games to children's growth, and it is strictly forbidden to "pull out the seedlings to encourage them" and strengthen training; Adults should not use a "ruler" to measure all advanced educational concepts such as children.
principle
1. Follow children's development rules and learning characteristics. Cherish the unique value of children's life and games, fully respect and protect their curiosity and interest in learning, create a rich educational environment, arrange their daily life reasonably, support and meet the needs of children to gain experience through direct perception, practical operation and personal experience to the maximum extent, and prohibit "pulling out the seedlings to encourage" advanced education and intensive training.
2. Pay attention to the comprehensive and harmonious development of children's body and mind. We should pay attention to the mutual penetration and integration of learning and development, and promote children's all-round and coordinated development from different angles, rather than unilaterally pursuing one or several aspects of development.
3. Respect individual differences in children's development. We should not only accurately grasp the stage characteristics of children's development, but also fully respect the individual differences in the continuous process of children's development, support and guide each child to develop from the original level to a higher level, and reach the "ladder" of development presented in the Guide at his own speed and way. It is forbidden to measure all children with a ruler. [ 1]
target
health
Health includes both physical and psychological aspects, and it is a state of perfect body and mind and good adaptability. Early childhood is an extremely rapid period of children's physical and functional development, and it is also an important stage to form a sense of security and optimism. A well-developed body, happy mood, strong physique, coordinated movements, good living habits and basic living ability are important signs of children's physical and mental health, and are also the basis for learning and development in other fields.
In order to effectively promote children's physical and mental health development, adults should provide children with reasonable and balanced nutrition, ensure adequate sleep and appropriate exercise, and meet the needs of children's growth and development; Create a warm interpersonal environment, so that children can fully feel affection and care, and form a positive and stable mood; Help children develop good habits of living and hygiene, improve their self-protection ability, and form a life-long beneficial ability and civilized lifestyle.
Children's physical and mental development is not yet mature, and they need careful care and care from adults, but they should not be overprotected and arranged instead, so as not to deprive children of the opportunity to learn independently, develop the bad habit of excessive dependence, and affect their initiative and independent development. [ 1]
language
Language is a tool for communication and thinking. Early childhood is an important period of language development, especially oral development. The development of children's language runs through all fields of physical and mental development and has a vital impact on the development of other fields. While using language to communicate, children are also developing their interpersonal skills, judging communicative situations and organizing their own thoughts. And get information through language, and gradually make learning go beyond the direct perception of individuals.
Children's language ability is developed in the process of communication and application. It is necessary to create a free and relaxed language communication environment for children, encourage and support children to communicate with adults and peers, and make children want to speak, dare to speak and like to speak, and get positive responses. Providing rich and suitable reading materials for children, reading books and telling stories with children often helps to enrich children's language expression ability, cultivate good reading interests and habits, and further expand children's learning experience.
Children's language learning needs the support of corresponding social experience, and children's interest in words should be cultivated in life situations and reading activities. Early reading through mechanical memory and intensive training is not in line with children's learning characteristics and acceptance. [ 1]
society
The process of learning and development in children's social field is the process of improving children's sociality and laying a sound personality foundation, which mainly includes interpersonal communication and social adaptation. Childhood is a critical period of social development, and good interpersonal relationship and social adaptability have an important impact on children's physical and mental health development and the play of knowledge, ability and wisdom. In the process of interacting with adults and peers, children not only learn how to get along with others, but also learn how to treat themselves and others, and constantly develop their ability to adapt to social life.
Families, kindergartens and society should work together to create a warm and caring family and collective life atmosphere for young children, establish good parent-child relationship and teacher-student relationship, so that young children can build a sense of security and trust in positive and healthy interpersonal relationships, develop self-confidence and self-esteem, learn to abide by rules in a good social environment and culture, and establish a basic sense of identity and belonging.
Children's sociality is developed through observation and imitation learning in daily life and games. Adults should pay attention to the subtle influence of their words and deeds on children. [ 1]
science
Children's scientific learning is a process in which children discover and understand the essence of things and the relationship between things in the process of solving practical problems, which mainly includes scientific inquiry and mathematical cognition. In the process of using mathematics to scientifically explore natural things and solve real life problems, children not only gain rich perceptual experience and fully develop thinking in images, but also try to classify, sort out, summarize and abstract specific things, gradually develop logical thinking ability and lay a foundation for further learning in other fields.
The core of children's scientific learning is to stimulate their desire to explore and cultivate their ability to explore. Adults should be good at discovering and protecting children's curiosity, make full use of natural and real life opportunities, guide children to learn to discover, analyze and solve problems through observation, comparison, operation and experiment, help children accumulate experience and apply it to new learning activities, and form lifelong learning methods and abilities.
The development of children's thinking is mainly based on concrete image thinking. Children should be guided to learn scientifically through direct perception, personal experience and practical operation, rather than instilling and strengthening in pursuit of knowledge mastery. [ 1]
art
Art is an important form for human beings to feel, express and create beauty, and it is also a unique way for human beings to express their understanding and emotional attitude towards the surrounding world.
Every child has a beautiful seed in his heart. The key to learning in children's art field is to fully create conditions and opportunities, germinate children's feelings and experiences of beauty in nature and social and cultural life, enrich children's imagination and creativity, guide children to learn to feel and discover beauty with their heart, and express and create beauty in their own way.
Children feel and understand things differently from adults, and express their knowledge and feelings in different ways. Young children's tender brushstrokes, movements and language often contain rich imagination and emotion. Adults should fully understand and respect their unique artistic expression, don't judge them by their own aesthetic standards, and don't train them in the same way in pursuit of the "perfection" of the results, so as not to stifle their imagination and the seeds of creation. [ 1]
meaning
First, the implementation of the Guide is an important measure to strengthen science education and promote the scientific and standardized management of preschool education. Since the reform and opening up, China's preschool education has made great progress, the opportunities for school-age children to enter the park have been expanding, and the quality of kindergarten education has been gradually improved. The Ministry of Education has successively promulgated a series of important rules and regulations, such as Regulations on Kindergarten Work and Guidelines for Kindergarten Education (Trial), which have played an important role in effectively changing kindergarten teachers' educational concepts, standardizing and guiding kindergarten conservation education. Facing the historical heavy responsibility of education reform and development in the second decade of the new century, the Central the State Council promulgated the outline of education planning, and clearly put forward that improving quality should be the core task of education reform and development in the future, and establishing a management system and working mechanism oriented to improving education quality, which is the overall direction and requirement for guiding education management and system construction at all levels and types in the future. It is in this new situation that the Guide came into being, providing more concrete and operational basis and guidance for teachers and parents to understand the level and characteristics of children's physical and mental development. The publication of the Guide marks the further improvement and perfection of China's preschool education management system, which is bound to promote the scientific and standardized preschool education management in China and has important historical significance for promoting the scientific development of preschool education. [3]
Second, the implementation of the Guide is an urgent task to improve the professional quality and practical ability of kindergarten teachers and comprehensively improve the quality of preschool education. The Guide comprehensively and systematically expounds the reasonable development expectations and goals of children aged 3-6 in various fields of learning and development, and at the same time puts forward concrete and operable suggestions on specific ways and means to achieve these goals. It is the most basic professional knowledge and practical ability requirements of every preschool educator to correctly understand and understand the concept and requirements of the Guide and be familiar with the physical and mental development characteristics and behavior performance of children aged 3-6. The publication of the Guide is of great guiding significance to comprehensively improve the professional quality and educational practice ability of kindergarten teachers. [3]
Third, the implementation of the Guide is an effective means to popularize scientific parenting knowledge and prevent and overcome the tendency of "primary school". In recent years, parents have paid more and more attention to preschool education, but they generally lack correct educational concepts and scientific guidance. Coupled with the influence of exam-oriented education and the misleading of various commercial propaganda, the problem of information asymmetry in society is becoming more and more prominent. Many parents sacrifice their children's happy childhood and blindly pursue "learning in advance" and "advanced education", which not only hurts their children at the starting line, but also seriously interferes with the running direction of kindergartens and the normal education and teaching order. The publication of the Guide provides authoritative reference and guidance for parents' scientific parenting, which is of great practical significance for effectively changing parents' educational concepts, improving parents' scientific parenting ability and creating a good social environment conducive to the healthy growth of children. [3]
In recent years, many developed countries have issued guidelines for children's early learning and development, which have played an important role in effectively changing the public's educational concept, guiding teachers and parents, and improving the quality of preschool education institutions. In this sense, the publication of the Guide marks the change of government management concept and the innovation of preschool education management function, which is another important milestone in the history of preschool education reform in the new period and new stage after the "National Ten Articles" of preschool education. [3]
The Guide for Learning and Development of Children Aged 3-6 (hereinafter referred to as the Guide) recently issued by the Ministry of Education aims to help kindergarten teachers and parents understand the basic laws and characteristics of learning and development of children aged 3-6. In other words, children between the ages of 3 and 6 should have reasonable expectations about how their parents and teachers will be brought up.
So what does the guide cover? What kind of influence does it have on our parents?
The guide covers seven courses in five fields: health, language, art, society and science. Each field is divided into several aspects according to the most basic and important content of children's learning and development. Each aspect is divided into two parts. One is the learning development goal, which is what children should know and do at the end of 3-4, 4-5 and 5-6 respectively. Second, educational suggestions. According to children's learning and development goals, aiming at the common puzzles and misunderstandings in preschool education, this paper lists some educational ways and methods that can effectively help and promote children's learning and development. At the same time, it points out the harm of wrong practices to children's lifelong development and provides practical guidance for parents. There are 87 educational suggestions in the Guide. For example, in the health part of the guide, the goal of motor development is to cultivate children's strength and endurance. Children aged 3-4 can walk for about one kilometer, children aged 4-5 can walk continuously for about 1.5 kilometers, and children aged 5-6 can walk continuously for more than 1.5 kilometers. These requirements are particularly specific. Do our parents know when their children are growing up? Know how to cultivate? Parents' strategy is to encourage their children to walk more, take fewer cars, go up and down stairs by themselves, carry schoolbags by themselves and so on in their daily lives.
Add the content of sexual protection to the educational proposal of "basic safety knowledge and self-protection ability" in the health field. Tell children not to let others touch their private parts. This is never mentioned in the previous documents on early childhood education. Self-protection: Do children aged 3-4 eat what strangers give them? Don't walk with strangers; When you get lost in a public place, you can tell the police or relevant personnel the names and telephone numbers of yourself and your parents. 5-6 years old should learn not to open the door to strangers and know some basic knowledge of disaster prevention. Kindergarten will educate 3-year-old children about safety through telling stories, situational performances and other educational situations. Teachers will teach children not to go with strangers, and strangers can't ask for anything delicious and fun. Parents should also educate their children in this respect, telling them why they can't go with strangers, how anxious their parents will be if they can't find them, and hold the hands of adults tightly when going out. But at the same time, you should tell your children that you can't tell strangers your home address. You can only tell strangers, such as the police, when teachers and family members are not around and need help.
In the guide, the science part includes mathematics education. At the age of 3-4, they can perceive and distinguish the size, quantity, height and length of objects, and can express them with corresponding words. The educational strategy is to ask children to help organize things at home and put them according to their size. Children aged 4-5 can perceive and distinguish the thickness, thickness and weight of objects, and can describe them with corresponding words. 5-6 years old can add and subtract within 10 through actual operation or other methods. Parents' support strategy is to consciously encourage their children to participate in the calculation and payment when buying a small amount of goods. Nowadays, many parents blindly let their children learn addition and subtraction at the primary school level, which is far beyond the level that children can understand and accept. "Kindergarten is a holistic education. 3-6 years old, the most important thing is not to learn knowledge. The most important thing in early childhood is not to learn knowledge, but to let children form qualities, attitudes, emotions, abilities, living habits and so on. "
In this language, you need to write down your name. There is no requirement for children's literacy in the guide issued this time. It only requires children aged 5-6 to concentrate on reading, be interested in books and symbols in life situations, be willing to express things or stories with pictures and symbols, and know that words are meaningful? Write down your name correctly. Kindergartens, as general public kindergartens, want children to read in life, and will not directly teach children pinyin and Chinese character writing. For example, teachers will paste the word "window" on the windows of classes, and the names of toys on school furniture cabinets will also be marked with Chinese characters, so that children can learn imperceptibly, instead of rigidly demanding which words they must know. However, some private kindergartens will teach their children pinyin and Chinese character writing in large classes, emphasizing children's literacy is a misunderstanding that many parents are easy to fall into. Primary school teachers are very opposed to kindergarten teachers teaching pinyin. On the one hand, there is no pinyin teaching and training in preschool education. On the other hand, children's wrong habits are difficult to correct once they are formed. In addition, as far as writing is concerned, parents usually don't pay attention to their children's pen holding posture. After entering the park, teachers will pay great attention to this aspect. If children develop the wrong habits, it will affect the speed of writing and the grasp of spatial position.
In the social field
Learn to be considerate of your parents' hard work at the age of 3-4. In the chapter of caring and respecting others, it is required to show sympathy when people around you are sick or unhappy at the age of 3-4. When you are 4-5 years old, you can know your parents' occupation and realize their hard work in raising themselves. 5-6 years old, respect those who provide services for everyone, cherish the fruits of their own labor, and accept and respect people with different lifestyles or habits. For example, wipe the sweat for mom and dad, bring a glass of water, and beat your back; Mom came home from work and cooked a good meal, saying, "Mom has worked hard!" " ; Post a photo to your mother on a special holiday to show your love for your mother. In addition, it is also considerate of parents to let children understand that "their own things" such as learning to take off their clothes and tie their shoelaces.
The Guide defines the development level that children aged 3-6 need to reach, and is a reference for teachers and parents to implement education and guide our educational behavior. "But we must be clear that every child is an independent individual and there are differences. We must teach students in accordance with their aptitude, respect each individual's own growth rate, avoid comparing with others, and avoid using a ruler to measure all children. " The guide will be distributed to parents in the future. If parents can correctly understand the Guide, establish a scientific concept of parenting, understand the level of children's physical and mental development, observe children attentively, play more active and effective games and communicate with children, refer to the suggestions in the Guide, and do a good job of family cooperation, which is conducive to children's lifelong sustainable development!