Reading Notes on Principles of Pedagogy 1. Published materials Chen Guisheng: Principles of Pedagogy (second edition), East China Normal University Press, March 2, 2000. As the name implies, the preface of the first edition of reading notes is a subject that discusses educational affairs.
..... Its theoretical framework should be different from "pedagogy" which emphasizes application. Since the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), for a long time, Pedagogy not only discussed theoretical issues, but also involved specific issues.
Pedagogy bears a heavy wing, which brings the problem of theoretical system. Simply put, pedagogy has not formed a strict theoretical system.
In recent ten years, the field of pedagogy research has shown a resurgence trend. As of July 199 1, the number of newly edited pedagogics with various titles is ... has reached 165.
However, the media ... has a "similar" sigh. Educational principles can be regarded as theoretical pedagogy.
According to one analysis, the basic elements of a theory include: (1) concepts, (2) variables (concepts representing differences in phenomena), (3) statements (the relationship between concepts constitutes theoretical statements) and (4) formats (composed of theoretical statements), which are usually called "theoretical frameworks". ◇ Concept, ... usually reveals the connotation of the concept through definition ... In the past, when defining various basic concepts of education, there were often many provisions involving value orientation, which led to the lack of the connotation of the concept and the narrowness of the extension of the concept, which made the general concept lose its generality, but this did not seem to prevent people from referring to things that were not commensurate with its extension with the concept given a specific meaning.
◇ In the past, pedagogy inevitably contained many concepts to express the degree difference of educational phenomena, but it did not estimate and analyze the meaning of variables enough. In the previous expressions of pedagogy, there seems to be confusion between fact judgment and value judgment, especially the phenomenon of replacing fact judgment with value judgment ... It is also common to list facts without logical argument and state norms regardless of feasibility.
The analysis of educational phenomena and problems here will distinguish objective facts, logically possible facts, due state of affairs (value orientation) and feasible choices as much as possible, and take into account these four levels. ◇ (about format) ... The attempt here can be described as from the inside out, from small to large, and can also be regarded as this and that, from concrete to abstract.
Because "inner" and "small" are the historical and logical starting points of education itself. From this argument, we can finally have a systematic understanding of education.
The framework of educational principles based on this idea is: from educational elements to educational process (micro), from simple educational process to complex educational process, from educational process to educational entity (meso), from educational entity to educational system (macro) (I); From the internal connection of education to the external connection of education, from the influence of the external connection of education on the internal connection of education to the characteristics of the education system itself (part two); Educational essence, educational purpose, educational composition, school function and family education function determined by the internal and external relations of education (3); From the general principles of education to the basic theoretical problems of education in the primary stage of socialism in China (IV). Since ancient times, the organizational form of human education has been complicated and changeable. How to reveal the internal logic of the evolution of educational organizations? The attempt here is: ◇ Starting with the factor decomposition of the direct education process, it reveals the evolution process of the basic education form and the education process from simple to complex.
◇ Decompose the complex educational organization system into three levels (three levels), that is, the "direct education process" between educators and educatees; "Educational entity" based on various direct educational processes; An "educational system" composed of educational entities at all levels. ◇ Reveal the process of the occurrence and evolution of "direct education process", "educational entity" and "educational system", that is, from the occasional unorganized educational phenomenon to the emergence of educational organizational forms, which is the process of "formalization" of education; Formal education has never been finalized, and it is a process of "materialization" of education; It is the process of "institutionalizing" education that educational entities change from simple to complex, from detached state to forming a system.
-page 65438 Simple Elements of Education +0-4 Decompose an object into a system until the simple elements (elements) that make up the system are analyzed, and then synthesize these simple elements on the basis of separate investigation, thus establishing a more rigorous theoretical system; Modern system theory describes the elements of the analysis object not from these elements themselves, but from their "position" in the whole, which enriches people's understanding and makes the theoretical research methods more perfect. ..... The first thing to study here is what elements are the "cells" of education.
..... as an important part of educational activities, these elements are called "simple elements of education". 1 predecessors tried to investigate the "simple elements of education" and combed Rousseau (France, the founder of modern educational thought,18th century), Herbart (Germany, educator,1early 9th century) and Gregory (America, educator,180s of 9th century).
According to Marx's analysis, the simple elements of the labor process are: human purposeful activities, namely labor, labor materials (also known as labor means, mainly labor tools) and labor objects. Judging from the results of the whole labor process, the means of labor and the object of labor are the means of production, while labor itself is productive labor.
This is the meaning of "simple labor process". If the educational process is compared to the labor process, its simple elements should include: the educators' purposeful activities, the educational objects (educatees) and educational materials (equivalent to labor materials, but not equal to production materials) (replacing educational materials with educational materials can avoid confusion with teaching materials).
Tolerance: compare the educational process with the labor process, or regard it as a subordinate of the labor process.
Which class is better for postgraduate education courses?
Pedagogy postgraduate entrance examination can be divided into three categories: 1, and there are two disciplines, the most basic pedagogy, namely, pedagogy principle, education history and comparative pedagogy.
These majors have a wide range of applications, which are found in almost all normal colleges offering pedagogy. Among these three majors, students who want to further study in the field of pedagogy can choose the principle of pedagogy, which is also a major with relatively high admission scores in various schools. The advantage of comparative education is that there are many opportunities to go abroad. 2. The second category is to study specific educational fields or educated groups, such as preschool education, higher education, primary education, adult education, vocational and technical education, special education and some relatively unpopular two disciplines.
3. The third category is the most practical curriculum and teaching theory of two subjects. Curriculum and teaching theory can be divided into two categories. One belongs to various disciplines, such as physics teaching theory under physics college, Chinese teaching theory under liberal arts college and mathematics teaching theory under mathematics college. The second category belongs to the College of Education, which mainly studies curriculum reform, teaching reform, school-based reform and academic evaluation. This subject is most suitable for some graduate students who want to teach after taking the education exam.
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Who knows how to review the teacher recruitment exam is more effective?
(1) The characteristic of the essay question is theoretical, which is the most prominent feature of the essay question.
The depth of theory is the main quality requirement of the paper. Integrating theory with practice is the greatest feature of this article.
(2) The problem-solving skills of essay questions require discussing the learned theories (grasping the basic points). To integrate theory with practice, it is necessary to combine the work practice and experience of myself, the school and the school district as the materials for expounding opinions.
Views and materials should be unified and language should be refined. 1. The paper involves major theories, some of which need to be discussed in all directions. Therefore, broadening one's horizons and looking at problems from multiple angles are the primary strategies to solve essay questions. Of course, this requires a person to have a solid basic skill in the basic theory of pedagogy. A better understanding requires reading more books, reading more books and learning more, and mastering basic theoretical knowledge in order to cope with changes.
In general education theory, the knowledge blocks with higher probability lie in education and human development (for example, please discuss "where there is a will, there is a way" with the principle of pedagogy), teachers' professional ethics and teachers' quality, teacher-student relationship, teaching, moral education, and the work of class teachers. And the new curriculum reform. Of course, different regions focus on different things. 2. Guiding practice with pedagogy theory is another aspect of examining students' knowledge level in composition questions.
This is an advantage for in-service teachers, but it is more difficult for newly graduated students. However, graduates should not lose heart. Everything is always divided into two parts. Our newly graduated students have a great advantage, that is, they have a good memory and can remember and master theoretical knowledge quickly.
Moreover, we have more than ten years of school life, and most of the time we are in contact with teachers in class, which can provide some materials for answering such composition questions. If necessary, you can also write examples you have read (even if they are fictional and persuasive) to enhance your persuasiveness and appeal in the discussion and impress the marking teacher.
Of course, these should be in line with reality and theoretical requirements. Specifically, the composition topic can take the following steps: 1. Look at the topic first and quickly search for relevant theoretical knowledge (so be sure to memorize the theory, and don't be afraid of embarrassment, especially the knowledge mentioned above, otherwise it will be annoying to use).
Interpretation of core concepts. Explain the main knowledge points involved in the topic (especially the discussion containing materials) and the core concepts in the topic, similar to noun explanation. This is sometimes very necessary and important, and it is also a place that many students easily ignore. So when reviewing important nouns, remember the key words inside, even if you can't remember the original words, you can get to the point.
2. Sit in the right place, concrete analysis, theory+examples. Independent variables should be written separately (such as 1, 2, 3, etc.). ).
Generally, the first sentence of each argument is written with a theoretical explanation or thinking about the problem, and then it is briefly expounded, followed by a concise example: it can be the original words in the title, it can be your own summary, and it can also be your own accumulated practical examples. 3, summary, you can briefly review this topic.
Example: There is an article in People's Education entitled "Ants Singing": Several students are lying under a tree, observing something with great interest. When a teacher saw them covered in dust, he went up to him angrily and asked, "What are you doing?" "Listen to the ants sing." The students answered casually without looking up.
"Nonsense, how can ants sing?" The teacher's voice rose eight degrees. The severe reprimand made the students wake up from "Huai anguo" at once.
So little heads drooped, waiting for the teacher to be merciful. Only a stubborn little fellow was unconvinced and muttered in a low voice, "How do you know that ants can't sing unless you squat down?" Please use modern educational theory to analyze and discuss the teacher's behavior.
First, read the topic of Modern Education Theory along with the topic, and search out the theoretical scope: the concept of education, the concept of students, the concept of teachers and students, and the explanation of core concepts under the new curriculum reform: (1) the concept of education: the new curriculum reform requires the establishment of a student-oriented concept of education. In the orientation of education, we should not only pay attention to the mastery of basic knowledge and skills, but also pay attention to the cultivation of basic attitudes and abilities.
Especially in the cultivation of students' innovative spirit and practical ability, we should pay attention to students' ability to find and solve problems, cultivate students' interest in learning and develop students' personality. (2) Students' view: Students should be regarded as independent, unique and developing people.
He is an energetic, energetic and energetic social person. Students are the subject and master of learning. In all activities, teachers should give full play to students' initiative and promote their development.
Respect, trust, guide, help or serve every student. (3) Teachers and students should treat each other equally.
(Equality of personality, equal dialogue and equal distance teaching) Adhere to teaching democracy and abolish authoritarianism and commandism in teaching. Second, sit in the right position, make a concrete analysis, and integrate theory with practice: (1) "Listen to ants sing."
Children have childlike innocence, childlike innocence and childlike interest, and have children's unique imagination. Teachers should be good at understanding children's "inner world". The new educational orientation pays attention not only to knowledge and skills, but also to processes and methods, emotions and experiences.
"Listening to ants singing" is an experience for students, and teachers should respect and protect children's interest and imagination. (2) A teacher saw them covered in dust and angrily walked over and asked; The students are observing something with great interest. They are in the process of their own activities. Students are dynamic and developing people. Teachers should be good at protecting students and giving them psychological support, but they don't respect students' subjective initiative. )
(3) "Nonsense, how can ants sing?" The teacher's voice rose eight degrees. A stern reprimand.
Teachers and students should treat each other equally, and teachers should not use authority to suppress students. (4) Whispered: "Don't squat down any more" (Teachers lack democratic consciousness, so they should implement equidistant teaching with students, "Please squat down and talk to students" and "Please step off the platform") Third, summary and review: Only by establishing a view of students, teaching and teachers and students that conforms to quality education and the new curriculum reform can teachers truly achieve "student-oriented, everything for everyone".
Do I need to take notes in graduate courses?
First, the framework is very important. No matter how much you know about yourself, the overall framework is still very important, because in the last two weeks of preparation, especially in the last week, you need a few hours to recall the content of a course, so the framework is extremely important.
Let's take the History of Education in China-Ancient History as an example to show the topic I prepared at that time: 1. I don't know what I said after reading the book. 2. When reciting, remember to forget the back in front, which is not systematic. 3. Why do others recite faster and faster, but I always stagnate? 4. See the topic, how to extract knowledge points, and how to know what it will test me? 5. How can we answer questions with depth and logic, and with many novel thinking angles? Second, how to deal with the incomprehensible problems-taking Herbart's "apperception" as an example. In the textbook, the explanation of apperception you see is as follows: The basic meaning of apperception theory is: (1) When a new * * * comes into play, the representation will enter the consciousness valve through the door of perception; (2) If it has enough power to awaken the existing activities of similar ideas under the consciousness valve and combine with them, (2) Then, the power thus gained will expel the previously dominant ideas in consciousness and become the center of consciousness, and (3) the new sensory performance will be combined with the existing ideas to form an apperception group. (that is, the result of cognitive activities) (similar to adaptation, that is, reorganizing the original schema) (3) If the concept similar to the new representation is already on the valve of consciousness, then the combination of the two will further consolidate his position.
At this moment, you should be close to collapse. Then, if expressed in the form of images, it will be clear at a glance. 3. Forms are omnipotent, and there are many things to recite by the multi-benefit teaching method. If you don't sort, classify and memorize the forms, it will be very difficult. Moreover, for colleges and universities with independent propositions, memory is your basic skill. How to answer the questions well is the real weapon to score. Let's take some difficult subjects as examples. 1. Pedagogy Principle: Curriculum Part: Five pairs of relational moral education models to be handled well in curriculum genre teaching. 2. Educators and their thoughts during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period in China's educational history. 3. Educational thoughts in the history of foreign education. 19th century. Herbart's stage theory of teaching form. 4. Summary of educational research methods and educational research: educational investigation and research. When reciting, the logic should be as simple as possible. When reciting, don't recite a part with a logic, you will go crazy. The big logic is: "What, why and how?" Specific to each subject, try to remember that several chapters or at least one chapter has only one logic.
Because the content involved is relatively broken and a lot, I can ask it five or three times and I don't remember it. Please return the book to me in time when I recite it by myself. I recited it three times, but I still can't remember it. (Three times in a week), I will give up, because what is wrong is not my memory, but my understanding! Then, please go back to the book to understand. I can't understand one book, two, two, not three, but more than three. Please ask your classmates or teachers around you. I didn't read all the books I browsed when preparing for the exam. I will focus on one subject, and if I really don't understand it, I will look at the second subject. So, in fact, I only read a part of many books, but I didn't read them all.
If you have enough time, I suggest you go to pedagogy to look at the bibliography recommended by the School of Educational Sciences. Please log in to Nanjing Normal University Admissions Guide manually for details. There is a specific bibliography in it. Please purchase and refer to it yourself.
6. How to get high marks with originality? There is no doubt that independent propositions and topics are not necessarily biased, but they need to be deeper when answering questions. So how to do it in depth? Need you to think more. So what do you think? Let's take several topics that often appear in the principles of pedagogy as examples for your reference. Of course, specific problems have to be analyzed in detail.
Example 1: the complete answer to the view of teachers and students 1 The historical evolution of the concept of teachers and students was influenced by politics, economy and culture at that time. 1 knowledge; ② Students' subordination, domination and obedience; ③ Both teachers and students have lost their subjectivity.
2. Student-centered. ① students; (2) the subordinate position of teachers; ③ Slide from one inequality to another.
3. The teacher leads the students. 1 what; ② Not jumping out of the thinking mode of "subject and object".
4. Double subject. ① Teachers are the subject of "teaching" and students are the subject of "learning".
② All of them participate in the teaching interaction with complete personality, and realize the sharing and co-creation of educational significance. In a word, the concept of teachers and students has changed from my relationship with him to yours, which has promoted the common development of teachers and students.
Second, specifically, the concept of one student and the concept of two teachers (teachers' professional characteristics: 5) The key to a good concept of teachers and students is the relationship between democracy, equality, freedom, respect, trust, justice, tolerance, friendliness, encouragement and help. 1. Features (1) Personality: Equality (2) Teaching: Teachers are the subject of "teaching" and students are the subject of "learning".
(3) On the social level: mutual influence 2. Standard (1) Social relations: democracy, equality, harmony and intimacy; -Basic requirements (2) Interpersonal relationship: respect teachers, love students and cooperate with each other; ⑶ Educational relationship: learn from each other, share and create together; ⑷ Psychological relationship: tolerance and understanding. 3. Ways and means: (3) Including classroom, extracurricular and extracurricular activities (1) Changing ideas (changing traditional role psychology): (1) Correct view of students; ② the concept of equality between teachers and students; ③ A correct view of talents.
⑵ Respect and understanding are the key to innovate the relationship between teachers and students. Respect and understand students, actively communicate with students, and realize "empathy experience"; ③ Fully understand the students; 4 treat students democratically and fairly; ⑤ Use your own image to influence students. ⑶ Strive to improve self-cultivation and perfect personality. 4. Significance: Establishing a new concept of teachers and students is of great significance to today's teaching and the development of the country.
⑴ As the object of education, students must establish a correct view of students. ⑵ Teachers, as educators in educational elements, bear various social and educational roles.
(3) Only by establishing a new relationship between teachers and students can we cultivate people with all-round development and quality and realize the process of China's modernization. In short, the new concept of teachers and students is to establish a democracy.
How to review the comprehensive examination for graduate students in education.
My comprehensive score in pedagogy is 239, and my own experience is to buy an outline analysis, and then buy related books, focusing on the outline analysis and comparing it with textbooks.
Because liberal arts have a lot of information, but the advantage of a lot of information is that it is easy to remember. The same knowledge point, if you only look at the two short sentences of the outline analysis, is certainly difficult to understand, because there is not enough perceptual material, which leads to insufficient depth and memory of the brain.
However, the interpretation of this knowledge point in the book is comprehensive, supported by many examples, and it is very effective to read it once. In addition to enriching knowledge points and deepening memory, the function of books is to pick up some obscure knowledge points.
Because although the scope of comprehensive questions in pedagogy is centered on outline analysis, the law of the exam is that the more you take the exam, the more biased you are, because there are too many exercises and too many guesses. In order to reflect the degree of discrimination, selecting a certain number of candidates will inevitably lead to some obscure knowledge points for teachers, so you can pick up some knowledge points when reading, which is very useful for 90-point multiple-choice questions. In short, on the basis of outline analysis, combined with repeated reading of books, outline analysis refers to road signs, books are the cornerstone, don't worry, take your time.
It's a waste of time to read it in a hurry if you don't remember, so it's a good way to take notes one step at a time, but I only made three notes at that time. This varies from person to person. You can try it and stop if you feel uncomfortable. The exercises are all done after reading a book. The purpose of doing exercises is to consolidate knowledge. I recommend doing all the real questions and some simulation questions.
Do you have to read all the reference books for the unified examination of pedagogy?
Since 2007, the national unified examination "Basic Comprehensive Examination of Pedagogy Specialty" has been implemented in the specialized courses of pedagogy.
The subjects of the comprehensive examination of pedagogy foundation are: pedagogy principle, Chinese and foreign educational history, educational psychology and educational research methods. The following textbooks are recommended: Principles of Pedagogy, edited by two key normal universities nationwide 12: Fundamentals of Pedagogy, Education Science Press, 2008.
Wang Daojun Wang Hanlan: Pedagogy, People's Education Press, 1999. Liu Haimin: Principles of Education, Northeast Normal University Press, 3rd Edition, 2006.
Yuan Zhenguo: Contemporary Pedagogy, Education Science Press, 2004. History of Chinese and foreign education: Wang et al. A Brief History of Education in China, Beijing Normal University Press, 1994. Sun Peiqing, Editor-in-Chief, History of Education in China (Revised Edition), East China Normal University Press, 2000.
Educational Psychology, edited by Liu: Contemporary Educational Psychology, Beijing Normal University Press, 2nd Edition, 2007; Yuan Zhenguo: Educational Research Methods, Higher Education Press, 2000. Principles and Methods of Educational Research, edited by Yang Xiaowei, East China Normal University Press, 2003.
According to your situation, provide some review suggestions: first, from now on, understand the four parts of pedagogy, be familiar with the teaching materials, and have a general understanding of these parts. Second, after the outline comes out, focus on the teaching materials in combination with the outline, mark the key points, strengthen the memory, and make good reading notes.
Basic concepts and principles are memorized and understood at this stage. In addition, pay attention to hot issues in education and read some papers and writings.
Third, highlight key points, strengthen the memory of important concepts and principles, and supplement missing knowledge points in combination with real questions over the years. After reviewing at this stage, we should clearly understand the whole knowledge framework system of pedagogy.
Fourth, the final stage of review is mainly to re-understand and remember the previous notes, marking points and so on. , and cooperate with practice.
Key points of 303 pedagogy examination
Introduction 1. What is pedagogy? Pedagogy is a science that studies educational activities and explains educational laws. 2. What is the earliest educational monograph in the world? The earliest educational monograph in the world should be China's Xue Ji. The earliest educational monographs in the West should be based on the Principles of Eloquence written by quintilian in ancient Rome, because they did not have a relatively complete educational system.
3. The position and function of pedagogy; Status: Pedagogy plays an important role in the curriculum system of teacher education and is one of the basic compulsory subjects. Functions: ① Let learners master the basic theory of education and understand educational practice; (2) It is beneficial for learners to establish a correct educational concept and improve their discrimination ability; ③ It is for learners to consolidate their professional ideas and devote themselves to education; ④ How to study pedagogy? 1. Adhere to the guidance of Marxism; 2. Adhere to the combination of theory and practice; 3. Adhere to the combination of study and research; 4. Pay attention to the connection between pedagogy and other related disciplines. Chapter 1 1. The origin of education; 1), biological origin theory 2) psychological origin theory 3) labor origin theory.
2. Concept of education: Concept: Education can be divided into broad sense and narrow sense. Broadly speaking, all the influences exerted by educators on the educated are education, including family education, social education and school education. In a narrow sense, school education refers to giving full play to the subjective initiative of the educated under the guidance of educators according to the needs of society and the characteristics of individual physical and mental development, so that they can develop in moral, intellectual, physical and aesthetic aspects (or physical and mental aspects).
3. The basic characteristics of modern education 1) Productive (reflected in the combination of education and productive labor) 2) Democratic (reflected in secularization, popularization and fairness) 3) Scientific (adhering to the educational method of combining theory with practice) 4) Innovative (constantly innovating to promote the development of education to an advanced stage) 4. Guiding principles of educational modernization in China. 1) Implementing the "Three Orientations" 2) Revitalizing China through Science and Education 3) Promoting Quality Education Chapter 2 1. The emergence of schools and academic system: 1 Economically, the development of productive forces, surplus products (no need for young individuals to produce products) and the division of labor between body and brain (some people need to do leadership work) provide the possibility for the emergence of schools.
2. Politically, the democratic election of clan leaders was changed to hereditary, which put forward the necessity of aristocratic education. 3. Culturally, the development of culture (the generation of literary and artistic works), especially the formation of characters, has created favorable conditions for the generation of schools.
Generation of educational system: The first educational system in the history of education in China came into being in 1902. This is the constitution of Yinyuanbao School, which is also called "Renyin academic system", but it has not been fully implemented. 1904, 1 In June, 2006, the regulations of the school were promulgated, which is usually called "Guimao academic system", which is the first formal school education system in China.
2. The commonweal characteristics of the school 1] The difference between the school and the enterprise lies in the setting purpose, adjustment means, relationship with * * *, output and so on. 2) Two concrete manifestations of school public welfare. No organization or individual may set up schools or other educational institutions for profit, and education must be separated from religion. 3. What is school culture? School culture is a unique culture, and all members of the school, especially students, are regulated and influenced when it exists. 4. Basic contents, ways and methods of school management: ① Ideological and moral education management, ② Educational administration, ④ General affairs management, and ways of teaching management: ① Connotation of communication, ② Function of communication in school management, ③ Two forms of communication, ④ Three obstacles to communication in school management. (2) Legal method (3) Ideological education method (4) Economic method (5) Academic method 5. How to coordinate between schools, families and society in educational activities? (1) Guidance of schools on family education-mutual visits, parents' meetings and parents' committees (II) Cooperation between school education and social education Chapter III 1. The connotation and characteristics of children's development: refers to the changing process in which children's psychological and physical abilities are constantly improved during their growth, accompanied by the interaction between physical maturity and social life experience growth.
Features: sequence, imbalance, stage, individual difference, differentiation and coordination, complementarity 2. The role of education in children's development; The influence of new curriculum reform on children's development. Role: 1) Educational goals should truly reflect the requirements of society; 2) Guide development on the basis of maturity; 3) Promote personality development on the basis of all-round development; 4) Respect and develop children's subjectivity.
Impact: 1) Make the course content 8 simple, close to life, novel and interesting; 2) Emphasize the principle that school learning is related to students' social environment; 3) Advocating the practical learning and development process of students' active participation, diligent exploration, daring to imagine and create; Chapter iv 1. The labor characteristics of teachers; The basic qualities that teachers should have; Features: complexity, long-term, exemplary and creative qualities: cultural quality, educational quality and professional ethics quality. 2. The basic requirement of teacher-student relationship in socialist schools in China 1) Democracy and equality. 2) Respect teachers and love students. 3) Psychological compatibility. 3. How to establish a good teacher-student relationship? 1) Establish a correct view of teachers and students, and combine the leading role of teachers with the initiative of students. 2) Strengthening the communication between teachers and students is the basis of establishing a good relationship between teachers and students. 3) Establish teachers' prestige on the basis of equality and create conditions for the smooth development of education and teaching. Chapter v 1. Significance and functional significance of educational purpose: the setting of expected results of educational subjects, specifically, is the comprehensive quality of talents to be cultivated in educational activities.
Functions: guidance function, adjustment function and evaluation function. 2. The subjective and objective basis for determining the purpose of education 1), subjective basis ①. From an objective point of view, the purpose of education is first of all people's value choice in educational activities, which is influenced by the willful assumption of thinkers or the purpose of institutional education, and by the subject's concept of ideal personality. 2) The objective basis is: 1. The level of social productive forces and scientific and technological development, a certain socio-economic and political system, the process of social and historical development, and the law of the physical and mental development of the educated. 3. The concrete connotation of Marxist "all-round development of human beings" is 1) the comprehensiveness of labor ability.