In study and work, when it comes to papers, everyone is certainly familiar with them. The paper is of great significance to all educators and the improvement of human understanding. What kind of paper can be called an excellent paper? The following are the writing steps and skills of the educational thesis topics I collected for you. You are welcome to study for reference. I hope it helps you.

Teaching and scientific research ability is one of the basic qualities that modern teachers must possess. Writing educational papers is not only a concrete manifestation of teachers' teaching and scientific research ability, but also an effective way and method for teachers to continuously improve their teaching and scientific research ability. However, the reality that cannot be ignored is that some young and middle-aged teachers lack knowledge and confidence in writing educational papers. Therefore, the author, an old teacher who has been engaged in education for many years and published hundreds of articles, would like to talk with you about the practice and experience of writing educational papers, hoping that my humble opinion can inspire readers.

First, the understanding of the definition of educational papers

A thesis refers to an article that systematically discusses or studies a problem. Discussion or research is to discuss, discuss, analyze problems and explain reasons. Generally speaking, the article you write is an understanding of a problem and explains why you have such an understanding. This is a paper. If the problem studied belongs to the category of education and teaching, it is called an educational thesis.

The reason why some teachers are afraid to write papers is nothing more than reading them too mysterious and mysterious, which is a misunderstanding. In fact, the requirements of the education sector for papers are not very high now. The connotation of the paper has narrowed and the extension has expanded. Teaching material analysis, teaching method research, learning method research, problem solving research, class evaluation, teaching and educating people, etc. , common in newspapers and periodicals, are regarded as educational and teaching papers.

Second, the significance of writing educational papers

1. Educational papers are spiritual wealth shared by the society.

Once the paper is published, it will immediately produce its social value. Any reader can read it, use it and learn what he needs from it, which is the unparalleled value of any material wealth. In particular, the circulation of educational newspapers and periodicals is very large, often with tens of thousands or hundreds of thousands of readers, and the propaganda effect and educational effect of educational papers are even more incalculable. High-quality educational papers can not only go down in history forever, but also create spiritual wealth for society and contribute to education and human progress.

2. The quantity and quality of educational papers is one of the important signs of the school's running level.

Under the new situation of deepening reform and fierce competition, for many schools, "research school" and "developing education through scientific research" no longer stay at the level of empty slogans. Wise schools attach importance to teaching and scientific research, and reward teachers for writing educational papers, with the purpose of survival and development, reputation and popularity of the school. No wonder now, when the media reports an advanced school, it always introduces the teaching and scientific research and how many papers have been published.

3. Educational papers are conducive to the improvement of teachers' quality.

What qualities should teachers have in 2 1 century? Among them, teaching scientific research ability is indispensable. Facing the future education, our teachers should develop in the direction of scientific research, scholarship and specialization. Writing educational papers can accelerate this development process. Writing educational papers is inseparable from educational teaching practice, learning and research. Therefore, the process of thesis writing is the process of continuous improvement of teaching professional level, theoretical research level and writing level; It is the process of realizing the leap and sublimation from perceptual knowledge to rational knowledge; It is a process from an experienced "teacher" to a research expert.

4. Students are the direct beneficiaries of educational papers.

At present, most of the educational papers written by teachers are the summary of education and teaching experience, or the results of teaching materials and teaching methods research. From practice to practice, students who are directly taught will benefit first. If the paper is published in a newspaper with students as readers, it is tantamount to giving a tutorial to tens of thousands of students.

In short, the significance of writing educational papers lies in benefiting society, schools, teachers and students.

Third, the structure and requirements of educational papers

Educational papers generally consist of five parts: title, author unit, name, abstract, text and references.

1, paper title

The title is the title of the paper, the window of the paper, and also called the eye of the paper. The title is a high summary of the content of the paper, and the paper conveys charm, spirit and level through the title. The specific requirements for writing a thesis topic are:

(1) Use the most appropriate and concise words to reflect the most important specific content in the essay. When readers see the title of the paper, they immediately know what the specific content of the paper is.

(2) strive for simplicity and high concentration. Generally, the topic of a thesis does not exceed 20 words. If it is longer, you can add a subtitle.

(3) Writing should be standardized. The title of the paper is written at the top of the page, with the column in the middle, horizontal and one line above and below. It should be noted that punctuation marks can be added in the middle of the topic (or spaces can be used instead of punctuation marks), and no punctuation marks can be added at the end of the topic. When the topic is long, don't divide a complete word, and strive for overall beauty, harmonious beauty and symmetrical beauty.

2. Author of the paper

The author's unit and name should be written under the title of the paper, and it is best to write the postal code after the unit.

3. Platform for Action

It is a high summary of the content of the paper. However, most newspapers do not require it.

4. Document body

The text consists of introduction, theory and conclusion.

(1) Introduction is the opening text, or the opening paragraph. The content of the introduction is to explain the background, put forward arguments or topics. It's not easy to write at the beginning. As the saying goes, "everything is difficult at the beginning", so is writing a paper. It takes a lot of effort to write a concise, unique and fascinating introduction. The introduction should not be too long, generally no more than 200 words.

(2) This theory is the main part of the paper. The key to writing this part well lies in argumentation, that is, using theoretical arguments or factual arguments to demonstrate the arguments put forward in the introduction. Theoretical argumentation should pay attention to science and logic, and science will always prevail. Facts and arguments should be reliable and convincing. In the argumentation, the author's own unique viewpoint should be elaborated in detail. Novelty, difference and realism are the main criteria for the academic level of the paper. If theoretical argumentation is given priority to, the paper will be more theoretical and can be called a theoretical paper. If we focus on factual argumentation, the paper will be more empirical and can be called an empirical paper. For a short paper, the main part can be done in one go, and for a long paper, a title can be set.

(3) The conclusion part must summarize the argument, highlight the main idea, or put forward the value and significance of the research. Don't be too long, be particularly concise, make the finishing point, and don't gild the lily.

5. References of educational papers

If the paper quotes other people's important arguments or related materials, it is necessary to indicate the name, issue number, title and author's name of the cited books and periodicals in the final reference. This has three functions: first, it shows that there is a reliable basis to enhance the persuasiveness of the papers written by yourself; Second, respect the fruits of others' labor; Third, avoid the suspicion of plagiarism.

In the above five parts, the executive summary and references can usually be omitted, and the conclusions in the text can also be omitted. Generally speaking, as a paper, there should be at least a title, an introduction and a paper.

Four. General steps of writing educational papers

Step 1: Select topics and materials-pay attention to practicality and pertinence.

Where does the theme of educational thesis come from? Mainly from the actual needs of education and teaching work and the author's own actual feelings. We are in the front line of teaching, having classes every day and interacting with students every day. As long as we are willing to write, there are many topics. Discussion or debate on a problem, a little inspiration from other teachers' lessons, typical problems existing in students' study, and some views on teaching materials and methods are all excellent writing materials.

Step 2: Determine the theme-pay attention to clarity and novelty.

Intention is to determine the central idea of the paper, that is, the theme. The theme is the author's judgment on the meaning of the material, as well as the author's understanding of the material and the overall evaluation of the questions raised in the paper. This is the soul of the paper. Once the theme is determined, the content of the article should stick to the theme, highlight the theme and serve the theme. Determine the title after the theme is determined.

Step 3: Plan the layout of the article-pay attention to rigor and skill.

The task of this step is to design the structure of the paper and determine the hierarchical order. Generally speaking, it is what to write first, then what to write, and conceive a master plan or framework. The specific operation is column.

Thesis outline. The structure of educational papers is equivalent to the argumentative structure in Chinese, and there are four types: parallel, general, progressive and comparative. The most common and commonly used is the coordinate formula.

Step 4: Write the first draft-pay attention to hierarchy and uniqueness.

On the basis of preparing sufficient materials and drawing up the outline of the paper, you can write the first draft according to the format and writing requirements of the paper. The writing of the main body of the paper has been explained, and the following are some specific requirements:

(1) is a fact. After all, educational papers are argumentative, and argumentative papers are the minimum requirements. Don't stay in the dry list of articles or be satisfied with the description of teaching phenomena. We should strive to improve the level of discussion and clarify our arguments from a theoretical point of view. The most taboo is to jump to conclusions because the argument is not sufficient.

(2) Highlight the theme. The most important skill in writing a paper is to make the material more concentrated and the theme more vivid. People who write for the first time should prevent the article from being irrelevant or too far from the topic.

(3) Distinguish levels. Papers should not be tedious. The basic requirements of this paper are clear hierarchy, consistency and strict logic.

(4) unique insights. High-quality papers must have their own unique opinions. This requires us to be diligent, good at thinking and dare to think. "What do short people think when they go to the theatre? They all listen to people's gossip. " You can't write a good article by following the trend.

Step 5: Revise the final version-focus on science and norms.

After the first draft of an educational paper is completed, you should check and revise it repeatedly, and don't rush to print it out. Mainly check whether there are scientific mistakes, whether the topic is appropriate, whether the materials and themes are unified, whether the structure is rigorous, whether the arguments are clear, whether the arguments are sufficient, whether the words are accurate, whether the writing is standardized and so on.

With all due respect, most teachers don't pay much attention to the standard of writing. So, what norms should writing conform to? Mainly includes:

(1) structural format specification;

(2) specification of written expression;

(3) label title specification;

(4) Leave the job change description blank;

(5) Symbol diagram specification;

(6) Punctuation specification. Please refer to the textbook for specific requirements of these specifications. It should be noted that writing lesson plans, writing plans and summaries, and compiling test papers should all pay attention to the standardization of writing.

The paper is finished, you'd better ask someone else to read it. Scholars have always had teachers since ancient times. Listening to other people's opinions is very helpful to improve your writing level.

Five, some methods and experiences of writing educational papers

1, adjust the mentality and establish self-confidence. If a person wants to achieve something, he must be full of confidence in his career. Writing is an intellectual activity, which requires positive thinking and attitude. Tired and impetuous, how can there be a spring of thought and a spirit of writing? The majority of young and middle-aged teachers should tap their own potential and see many favorable conditions. At present, there are many kinds of newspapers and periodicals, the demand for manuscripts is large, various paper appraisal activities are frequent, and there are many opportunities to publish papers. Of course, practice and participation are emphasized, and publishing educational papers is not the only purpose of writing papers.

2, perseverance, will see results. It is difficult for beginners to write high-quality papers at once, and it is also difficult to hit the target at once, which requires perseverance. We should constantly improve our writing ability and theoretical level in writing practice, be good at summing up experience and lessons, explore the law of writing submission, persevere and gain something.

3. Strengthen study and pay attention to accumulation. Excellent works with beautiful writing, neat sentence patterns, rigorous structure and unique opinions are obtained by continuous learning and continuous practice with pens. "The mountain does not abandon the cup of soil, so it can be big; Rivers are not a trickle, so they can grow. " The improvement of teaching and research ability also depends on long-term study and accumulation by calming down.

4. Take time off from work and have fun in pain. Since ancient times, making a fuss has been a chore. Cao Xueqin sighed after writing "The Story of the Stone": "Every word is like blood, and ten years of hard work is extraordinary." However, if you are suffering, you will be happy. Without suffering, there can be no happiness. You know, bitterness and pleasure are two wheels that push people forward. After writing a paper, you enjoy the joy of creation and success. In this sacred spiritual pursuit, we can better appreciate the value of life, so why not?

Writing of educational and teaching papers

Teaching thesis is a scientific record of new research achievements or ideas of a subject in the field of education and teaching, which is of great significance to popularizing educational research achievements and promoting the development of education. Let's talk about the writing of teaching papers from several aspects in order to discuss and learn with colleagues.

I. Types of teaching papers:

Teaching thesis is a research paper on the law of education and teaching, which has the function of guidance and popularization, and its scientific value is no less than that of professional academic papers. Its main types are:

1. Experience summary: it is a summary and refinement of repeated successful and failed education and teaching experiences. There are three taboos in writing this kind of article: one is to cover everything, blossom in an all-round way, and write a running account; Second, taboo stays in experience and does not rise to the height of educational theory; Three bogey topics are too big.

2. Research paper: scan and analyze the current issues of general concern or hot issues, not limited to your own experience, but you must have your own views and put forward constructive suggestions and opinions.

3. Experimental reports or investigation reports: Experimental reports are generally written by experimenters who personally participate in the teaching reform, while investigation reports can be written by others. No matter what kind of report, its conclusions must be supported by data and statistics. A complete experimental process should include determining the research topic, making assumptions and predictions, implementation, verification and tracking, and comparison is also essential (table 1). Table 1. The work arrangement of the experimental research project of educational science, researchers and instructors, remarks, research topics, research objectives, research methods, research steps, results, table budget (starting and ending) During the research period, other project management departments require standardization and normalization for the needs of document indexing and computer storage and retrieval, that is, each paper must have a "content summary" (about 200 words) and keywords between the topic and the text (about 5 words).

Second, the topic selection

The topic selection is the starting point of thesis writing, which not only relates to what the thesis is written, but also determines the value of engaging in this research. The subject has objective significance, which is only a necessary condition to ensure the success of scientific research, but not a sufficient condition. But choosing the right topic means that the paper is half finished. It includes two meanings: first, it means that the topic meets the objective needs; Second, it means that the topic adapts to the situation of the subject. The ultimate goal of scientific research is to serve the society and contribute to the development of human culture. The topic selection has objective significance, the subsequent related research has significance, and the paper written on the basis of the topic selection has practical value. Teachers engaged in academic research, in addition to the characteristics of teaching and educating people, should also pay attention to reflect the subject value from the following aspects:

Problems that need to be solved urgently; -Choose topics that have not been done before; -Selecting topics that need to be developed, supplemented and improved despite existing research; -Select the issues that have been discussed, but have different opinions and need further study; -the topic must be specific, not too big; -the topic must be clear and novel; In addition, the topic should be considered in combination with the researcher's own actual situation. First of all, we should have a strong interest in this subject and encourage people to actively pursue it in scientific research. A hobby is the driving force of academic research. Secondly, to give full play to one's professional expertise, one must have one's own research field or direction on the basis of learning from others. I am very interested in the guidance of philology, and I have learned something from detours. In this regard, I have written several valuable guiding papers. Thirdly, we should fully estimate our own ability and development direction. The ability structure of teaching and research researchers determines their research level, so the difficulty of selecting topics is moderate, and they can do what they can. It is also necessary to consider conditions such as having data and experimental means. Without data or experimental conditions, it is impossible to write a weighty paper. Therefore, the topic selection cannot be restricted by this aspect (Tables 2 and 3). Table 2. Schematic diagram of comprehensive structure of educational and scientific research ability Table 3. Schematic diagram of the development of educational research ability

The advantage of front-line teachers lies in their contact with the reality of education and teaching and their rich teaching experience. As long as they give full play to their advantages, they will not worry about finding good subjects. On the other hand, regardless of personal reality, it is difficult to write powerful and valuable articles by blindly chasing hot spots.

Third, the preparation work before writing

Talents who "write a thousand words and rely on horses to serve" are rare at all times and in all countries. The writing of teaching and research papers is a hard and complicated mental work, which needs full preparation.

1. To understand the previous research results on this subject, if there is a recognized conclusion, there is not much research value. Unless you doubt the original conclusion or have a new view, and are ready to discuss or verify it again, if you want to study the same subject that others have studied, you must choose a new angle, put forward new ideas and supplement new experiences;

2. To purposefully read the contents of pedagogy, psychology, teaching methods or professional works related to your own topic, the scientific research process itself is a process of continuous learning and improvement. Articles without theoretical arms are empirical at best, which can't reveal the essence and development law of things, and will also reduce their own value, and the arguments and arguments selected must be just right.

3. Collect and sort out information. Usually, data should be collected with care. Making information cards is a very useful job. If the information collected at ordinary times is not enough, you can make a surprise visit to relevant literature to supplement it as needed. Among them, reading more, thinking more and remembering more are effective ways to improve the level of scientific research writing. Recording, making and using more general and special materials is one of the necessary tasks for teachers and researchers. Here is a brief introduction to the essentials of preparing cards by Japanese scholar Kawakita Jiro's' KJ' method for your reference, which is very time-saving. The possession, reading, arrangement and utilization of materials run through the whole teaching and research activities and writing process, and more efforts should be made in all aspects of data work. In addition, we should pay attention to make full use of the valuable information obtained from observation, experiment and investigation.

4. Draw up an outline. Each paper should clarify one or several arguments. The author must use enough materials to support these arguments to convince readers, for this reason; Arrange and optimize the materials, and have an outline before writing, which can make the argument of the article rigorous, logical and more organized. When sorting out and reorganizing, you can mark the categories in the upper right corner of the card with a pencil, so that the skeleton of your paper has been formed.

Fourth, how to write?

It is best to finish the paper in one go. Discontinuity often interrupts the train of thought, but the revision advocates cold treatment. After writing the first draft, put it aside, read it again and revise it later, so that you can find insufficient or redundant examples and then start to revise and polish it. Specifically, the following questions should be considered when writing:

1. The viewpoint should be correct, the guiding role should be clear, and basic education is changing from exam-oriented education to quality education. First, teachers should change their thinking, list exam results less, count the results in peacetime and stages through the comparison between experiments and routine, and grasp the discretion to prevent the suspicion of one-sided pursuit of attendance. We should also prevent absoluteness and one-sidedness, leave room for introducing experience or evaluating opinions, and not be extreme.

2. Experience should rise to the theoretical level. If we study teaching, we should first analyze the influence of teachers, teaching materials, teaching methods and students on the success or failure of teaching. It is also necessary to analyze the relationship between them and demonstrate them with the principles of pedagogy and psychology.

3. In good order. Writing an article must focus on the theme, with only one center and clear key points. Delete all the redundant branches and leaves, give examples, and advocate "taking one as ten". A century ago, American scientist John Wesseler said an incisive sentence: "Stupid people pile up facts, and smart people choose facts."

4. Writing is clear, fluent and professional. Teaching and research articles are different from literary works and do not need flowery words. Einstein said, "If you want to describe the truth, leave beauty to the tailor." Professional vocabulary is not emotional, and it is best to express scientific facts. In addition, the use of figures and quotations should be accurate.

5. Paper structure

The title of a topic should be concise, eye-catching and general, reflecting the research value of the topic in a certain field. The title should be written in the middle, one line above and one line below. It looks symmetrical and beautiful. There are many blank lines in a long paper, and even a special page of manuscript paper can be used to write the title of the article. The subtitle of the paper should be written on the line below the main title, followed by a dash.

B Author's signature The author's name should be written in the middle or slightly to the right of the title, with a blank line between it and the title and a space between the names of the two words. Signature is the embodiment of the ownership of literary rights and the conceit of literary responsibility. In order to facilitate contact, the author's work unit or contact address should also be indicated before signing.

C table of contents If the paper is long, a simple table of contents should be compiled.

D abstract and keyword introduction abstract are informative and descriptive, and the author should write abstracts as needed to objectively reflect the main contents of the paper.

E text is the main part of academic papers, including preface, theory, conclusion and argument, argument, argument and so on. It is the concentrated expression of the author's research results, so it occupies a very important position in the paper.

F. Notes, acknowledgements, references, catalogues of books and periodicals and relevant appendices should generally be listed as part of the paper, so as to be a complete paper.

5. The publication of the paper and the finalization of other papers mark the end of a complete scientific research work, but some research topics are extremely complex and cyclical, so the completion of a paper only means that a research work has come to an end temporarily, and further research is needed from different angles and different aspects of the problem. But after a paper is completed, it must be published through relevant channels. If it is an academic or degree thesis, it is generally necessary to prepare a defense. If you exchange papers, you should quickly contribute to publishing units, newspapers and magazines.

5. Printed and mimeographed manuscripts are not very popular. If more than one manuscript is suspected, it should be indicated that it is dedicated to a publication to avoid copyright disputes.

6. Newspapers and periodicals generally do not reject manuscripts, and should keep manuscripts for submission again. Handwritten manuscripts can be rejected, but general newspapers and magazines require the author to attach the postage (stamp) of the rejection when submitting the manuscript;

7. Pay attention to the manuscripts of newspapers and magazines, the publishing cycle and the amount of manuscripts, readers, etc. In order to choose the right target for early delivery.

8. After receiving the relevant editor's manuscript, the manuscript to be used, the manuscript to be rejected, the relevant contact telephone number, amendment and other letters or telephone numbers, you should reply in time without delay. This is conducive to the publication of the manuscript.

9. Authoritative and core journals, national and provincial key journals are more formal and strict. Don't be discouraged even if you reject the manuscript. Failure is the mother of success. Taking the first step means a step closer to success. I believe that "Heaven rewards diligence" can be rewritten or voted.

Teachers are disseminators of human civilization knowledge, and at the same time, they are constantly enriching and developing educational theoretical achievements through long-term educational and teaching practice. I believe that colleagues and teachers will certainly accumulate fruitful results in their constant pursuit and creative activities, and will certainly write many flesh-and-blood teaching and research papers, and will certainly make their excellent works available as soon as possible. Here, I just throw a brick to attract jade, and sincerely hope to draw more gold and jade, so that we can share your success and happiness together. If there is anything wrong, please feel free to give us suggestions.

On the Writing of Educational Papers

It is by no means a one-off event to write an excellent educational paper. It must be a long-term practical accumulation process, and then on the basis of a large number of rich and useful materials, after careful comprehensive analysis, write an educational paper with novel ideas and detailed content.

First, some characteristics of excellent educational papers:

1, "new": the viewpoint, thinking, theme and content are novel and unique, which can attract people.

2. "Reality": seeking truth from facts and not practicing fraud; Down-to-earth, with scientific value.

3. "Accuracy": Arguments, arguments and conclusions are scientific and ideological, and the words are accurate.

4. "Essence": The article is concise and can dedicate the essence of educational practice, scientific experiment results and achievements to readers.

Second, matters that should be paid attention to in the topic selection of educational papers:

1, you should choose the content that you are familiar with, have the deepest experience and are closely related to your work as the theme. The advantage of front-line teachers is that they have a lot of practical contact with educational work and rich work experience. As long as they give full play to their advantages, they will not worry about finding good subjects. On the other hand, it is difficult to write a powerful and valuable educational paper by blindly chasing hot spots regardless of one's actual situation.

2. Clarify the relationship between scientific research, scientific experiments and writing papers. Some teachers find it difficult to finish their papers, but there are misunderstandings. Scientific research and experiment should find problems through investigation-formulate solutions to problems-practice-summary-which can not be completed by imagination or superficial experience. Teachers should actively participate in educational and scientific research activities and do a good job in extracting, accumulating, summarizing and improving information and experience in practice. In this way, when writing a thesis, there will be a feeling of accumulation and thin hair.

Third, effective ways to improve the writing level of educational papers:

1, think more: while studying and practicing, we should be diligent and good at thinking, think more about why, how to do and how to write.

2, remember more: the human brain is not a computer, forgetting may happen at any time. In the process of reading and thinking, we should write more and record the sudden inspiration in time.

3. Read more books: In order to meet the needs of learning and enrichment, reading newspapers, magazines and educational reference books is an effective way to broaden your horizons and ideas.

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