Paper Keywords: Vocational Education Group; Overall planning by the government; School-enterprise cooperation; School running mechanism
Since the reform and opening up, especially after the 1990s, with the gradual development of China's market economy, the scale of running vocational schools has been expanding day by day. In order to improve the market competitiveness, all kinds of school-running entities at all levels actively participate in educational reform. As a way of school-enterprise cooperation and complementary advantages, vocational education groups have begun to emerge. Since the 265438+20th century, vocational education groups have blossomed all over the country, and vocational education groups with local characteristics have emerged in Henan, Tianjin, Jiangsu, Hainan, Shanghai and other places, showing a cross-regional, cross-industry and diversified development trend. The policy system of the state and governments at all levels is an important prerequisite and basic guarantee for running the vocational education group well, and it is of great significance to study the relevant policy system of vocational education group reform.
First, the policies and systems of vocational education collectivization
Running vocational education in groups is a new way to combine production and education in the system reform of education in the social and economic transition period in China. According to its development process, vocational education can be divided into three stages: independent exploration period, rapid development period and deepening reform period. In this process, the state and governments at all levels have successively issued relevant policies and systems, which provide a guarantee for effectively promoting the reform and development of vocational education in the group.
From the end of 1980s to 1998, it was the independent exploration period of vocational education run by groups. During this period, relevant educational policies and systems were initially established. 1In July, 1986, the first national vocational education work conference submitted the Report of the National Vocational Education Work Conference, encouraging economic departments and enterprises to run vocational education well, and proposing "developing enterprises, schools and enterprises to run schools jointly" for the first time. 199 1 year 10. In the Decision on Vigorously Developing Vocational and Technical Education, the State Council clearly put forward the goal of vocational education reform and development: "school-enterprise cooperation, work-study combination, reasonable structure, various forms, flexibility and openness, and independent development, and form a modern vocational education system with China characteristics." 1In February, 1993, the State Council promulgated the Outline of Education Reform and Development in China, pointing out: "Vocational education and adult education should meet the needs of society and be organized mainly by industries, enterprises, institutions, social organizations and individual citizens under the overall management of the government, and all sectors of society are encouraged to jointly organize them." The outline highlights the leading role of the government and the dominant position of enterprises and social organizations, requires vocational schools to take the road of combining production with education, establish and improve the modern enterprise education system, and points out a clearer development direction for the collectivization development of vocational education. 1996 "People's Republic of China (PRC) vocational education law" was promulgated, which laid the foundation for the collectivization development of vocational education in China to gradually embark on the road of standardization and legalization. From 65438 to 0998, People's Republic of China (PRC) Higher Education Law was promulgated, which further improved the legal system of vocational education. These policies and laws define the subject, path, system and development goal of vocational education, provide policy guidance and legal guarantee for social forces to run schools spontaneously, and become an important cornerstone for the healthy development of vocational education group.
1999 to 2005, with the continuous expansion of the scale of higher education and the rapid development of higher vocational colleges, government departments at all levels gradually changed their roles and promoted the large-scale development of vocational education groups through policy guidance and coordination. In August 2002, the State Council's Decision on Vigorously Promoting the Reform and Development of Vocational Education was officially promulgated, which proposed to establish and gradually improve the vocational education management system under the leadership of the State Council, strengthened the responsibility of local governments at all levels in vocational education, and demanded to deepen the reform of the vocational education school-running system and form a diversified school-running system with the government leading, enterprises relying, industries giving full play and social forces actively participating. The relevant departments of provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions have gradually attached importance to the collectivization of vocational education and strengthened their guidance and support for vocational education. Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Beijing and other education departments have successively issued policy documents to form vocational education groups.
At the same time, with the implementation of self-employment policy, employment has become an important orientation for the development of vocational education. At the beginning of 2004, the Ministry of Education issued "Action Plan for Revitalizing Education for 2003-2007" and "Several Opinions on Deepening the Reform of Higher Vocational Education with Employment as the Orientation" in succession, demanding that vocational education change its school-running concept and take the development road of combining Industry-University-Research. In June of the same year, the Ministry of Education and other seven departments jointly issued "Several Opinions on Further Strengthening Vocational Education", which clearly stated that "it is necessary to actively promote the transformation of vocational education and training from planned training to market-driven, from direct government management to macro guidance, and from professional discipline standard to professional post and employment standard. Vocational colleges should adhere to the direction of service-oriented, employment-oriented, society-oriented and market-oriented, deepen the reform of school-running mode and talent training mode, and strive to improve the quality and efficiency of vocational education. "
Since 2005, the state has focused on guiding and reforming the problems such as insufficient investment in vocational education, school-running mechanism and talent training mode that can't meet the needs of social development. On June 5438+ 10, 2005, "the State Council's Decision on Developing Vocational Education in Lee Tae" was promulgated, requiring public vocational colleges to reform and innovate the school-running system through resource integration and reorganization, taking the road of scale, collectivization and chain-running, and encouraging "actively absorbing private capital and overseas funds, exploring a school-running system with public ownership as the main body, clear property rights and coexistence of multiple ownership systems" or "cooperating with enterprises". The "Decision" requires all localities to "increase their support for private vocational education, formulate and improve relevant policies and measures for building land and raising funds for private schools" to promote the common development of public and private schools. The "Decision" also proposes to implement the construction plan of vocational education demonstration colleges: "Focus on the construction of demonstration secondary vocational schools 1 10,000 and demonstration higher vocational colleges 1 10,000." In June of the same year 165438+ 10, the sixth national conference on vocational education was held. According to the decision and the spirit of the meeting, the education departments and vocational schools of counties and cities (districts) have formulated the reform and development plan of vocational education in combination with the actual situation, and created many characteristic group-based school-running models, such as the Henan model combining urban and rural areas and the Hainan model cultivated by cities and counties in three stages. Reprinted for reference only, the copyright belongs to the original author. Have a nice day. Please accept it if you are satisfied.