Introduction:
Educational research plays a leading role in the development of schools, which has gradually become the consensus of educators. However, it is undeniable that today's school education and scientific research are also facing many difficulties and problems, which are mainly manifested as "three more and three less", that is, there are many topics and few excellent products; There are many papers and few achievements; Many people, few talents. There are many reasons for this situation, and as far as front-line teachers are concerned, many kinds can be summarized. One is that a "six conscientiousness" makes our teachers exhausted and has little time and energy to conduct research and exploration in this field; Another reason is that we lack effective training in this field, especially young teachers, who are still unfamiliar with how to carry out educational research, and some people don't even know how to write a decent project plan.
In order to enhance teachers' awareness of educational research and improve their educational research ability, today, I want to talk to you about the most basic topic "How to write a small project plan".
1. What does the project plan include?
(1) What aspects does a complete project plan include?
1. Subject Description (Subject Name)
2. The meaning of the topic (definition of the topic) (research object and scope)
3. The purpose and significance of the study
4. The content of the study
5. Research methods
6. Research steps
7. The expected result form of the study
8. Members of the research group and their division of labor
9. Requirements for budget and equipment conditions
Others can also be written into the theoretical basis, research status, level and development trend at home and abroad.
(b) Small projects can be simpler.
1. Subject Description (Subject Name)
2. The meaning of the topic (definition of the topic) (research object and scope)
3. Background of the topic.
4. Research objectives
5. Research methods
6. Research steps
7. Form of results
Second, writing considerations
1. Theme name (theme description)
The research topic must have a name to express the problem it studies. This seems to be a small problem, but in fact, many people often write inaccurate and inappropriate project titles, which affects the image and quality of the whole project.
A good title should meet the requirements of accuracy, standardization, conciseness and eye-catching.
Accuracy means that the topic should explain clearly what the problem (research content) of the topic is and what the research object is.
Examples of accurately stating the topic are: "Research on improving the efficiency of mathematics classroom lectures" and "The object of research is very clear-the efficiency of mathematics classroom lectures".
An example of an inaccurate topic is "Situational Teaching-Optimizing Classroom". Situational teaching itself is a big topic, and there are many fields worth studying. "Classroom" is a place, and the word "optimization" cannot be used to form a verb-object structure (it should be "optimizing classroom teaching"); If it is "optimizing classroom teaching", what kind of classroom teaching is it?
Norms are words, sentence patterns, science, especially sentence patterns of conclusions, which cannot be used. For example, "Reasonable use of learning tools to improve the efficiency of mathematics classroom teaching", if the topic of an experience summary or paper is not bad, it is not good as a topic, because the topic is what we want to solve, and this issue is being discussed and is being prepared for research, so there can be no final tone. It should be changed to "research on improving the efficiency of mathematics classroom teaching by using learning tools"
An example of nonstandard expression: "Language training is integrated into classroom teaching" (just add the word "research" after it); "Let students learn autonomous learning and optimize Chinese classroom teaching in junior high school" (changed to "Research on Students' Autonomous Learning in Chinese Classroom Teaching in Junior High School");
"Pay attention to students' hands-on operation and optimize mathematics classroom teaching" (changed to "Research on students' hands-on operation in mathematics classroom teaching");
"Optimizing Music Classroom Teaching and Enriching Students' Aesthetic Experience" (changed to "Research on Music Classroom Teaching Enriching Students' Aesthetic Experience").
Concise, that is, the name should not be too long, and words that can or cannot be used should not be used as much as possible, generally no more than 20 words.
For example, "Infiltrating mental health education in Chinese teaching and optimizing classroom teaching in primary and secondary schools" has 26 words, which is not concise enough and should be changed to "Research on Infiltrating mental health education in Chinese teaching".
Eye-catching means that the entrance of the subject research is appropriate and novel, which makes people leave a deep impression on the subject at first sight. Such as: "Research on games entering junior middle school Chinese classroom" and "Research on improving middle school students' computing ability".
2. The meaning of the topic (definition of the topic) (research object and scope)
Educational research always points to a certain object. In order to avoid the confusion caused by different people understanding it from different angles, it must be clearly defined.
To put it bluntly, it is necessary to give a clear definition of the important concepts and nouns involved in this topic. For example: "Research on Improving Middle School Students' Computing Ability"
Calculation ability refers to the calculation speed and accuracy in students' basic mathematical calculation. The purpose of this topic is to study the reasons for the slow speed and low accuracy of middle-grade mathematics students under the guidance of the new curriculum concept, and to find teaching strategies that can improve the speed and accuracy of students' mathematics calculation and improve their computing ability. Classroom teaching
Many teachers don't know how to define key concepts, and there is no exact definition. Most teachers' description of the meaning of the topic is equivalent to "the background of the topic", that is, "why do you want to conduct such research?"
3. Background (purpose and significance of the study)
As a project plan, we should first explain the research background and the research purpose to be achieved, answer the question "Why do we need to study" and study its value. This can generally start with the actual needs, pointing out that this problem exists in reality and needs to be studied and solved, and what is the practical role of the research on this topic; Then, write the theoretical and academic value of the topic. These should be written more specifically and pertinently, and we should not shout slogans aimlessly.
For example: "Research on Improving Middle School Students' Computing Ability"
Calculation is one of the important contents of mathematical knowledge, and mathematical calculation ability is a basic mathematical ability and an important foundation for learning and other disciplines. Calculation occupies a large proportion in mathematics textbooks for middle and grade primary schools, and students' computing ability directly affects their learning quality, because some concepts in mathematics need to be introduced through calculation; The ideas, steps and results of solving mathematical application problems should also be realized by calculation; The derivation and application of formulas involved in geometry knowledge teaching are also inseparable from calculation. It can be seen that students' computing ability is very important. Improving students' computing ability is helpful to cultivate students' mathematical literacy, problem-solving ability and meticulous, patient and fearless quality. Therefore, how to improve students' computing ability has become an important topic in primary school mathematics teaching research. However, in actual teaching, both teachers and students often pay less attention to the improvement of computing ability, but pay more attention to the training of thinking ability and ignore the training of basic skills, which leads to the low computing ability of students.
4. Research objectives
The research goal is different from the research purpose. The purpose of the study is to answer "why do you want to do such a study", and the goal of the study is to explain what kind of expected results should be achieved through such a study.
For example, the research goal of the project "Participatory cooperative lesson preparation research":
(1) Effectively implement the concept of curriculum reform.
(2) Improve the efficiency of education and teaching.
(3) Promoting teachers' professional growth.
(4) Effectively gather collective wisdom.
(5) Effectively promote the research atmosphere.
(6) Promote the all-round development of the school.
Another example is "research on improving middle school students' computing ability"
(1) student goals
A, establish correct learning objectives, correct learning attitude, consciously study, and develop good study habits.
B, learn to allocate time independently, organically combine in and out of class, penetrate each other and promote each other. The overall computing power has been comprehensively improved.
C, let students improve their calculation level and academic performance in a relaxed and happy learning atmosphere.
(2) Teachers' goals
A, in the face of the confusion in the new curriculum reform, be good at discovering, be diligent in learning and be brave in innovation. Constantly improve their abilities in all aspects, and have the courage and ability to solve new problems.
B, strive to find a teaching mode and teaching mode that can effectively reduce the burden on students, but also effectively cultivate students' computing ability and innovation ability, and promote students' vivid and active learning, and gradually form their own teaching style. way
Many teachers' research objectives are unclear, and they don't clearly explain how they want to achieve the expected results through research, and how students or teachers have developed and improved. Some are simply equivalent to the narrative of "topic background". In 2 1 scheme, the research objectives of 9 schemes are unclear.
5. Research methods
Research method mainly refers to educational research method, which answers the question of how to study. There are various methods of educational research, including literature research, investigation research, experimental research, comparative research, action research and experience summary.
Some studies may adopt a single research method, while others may adopt multiple methods.
6. Research steps
The step of project research is the arrangement of project research in time and order. Generally speaking, the steps basically include three stages: scheme preparation stage, scheme implementation stage, expert argumentation and evaluation, summary and acceptance, and conclusion.
For example: "Research on Improving Middle School Students' Computing Ability"
(1) Pre-preparation stage:
Investigate students' computing ability and interest in math class. Look up relevant information online. Determine the topic and make a research plan according to the problem.
(2) Specific implementation stage:
A. Pre-test the research object, fully understand the existing foundation of students through diagnostic tests and other means, formulate teaching and lesson preparation according to the actual situation of students, and implement the training of calculation in mathematics.
B. closely observe students' performance and arrange homework at different levels. We should not only pay attention to students with relatively good ability, but also pay attention to students with relatively low ability, so that they can experience the joy of success and have confidence in themselves.
C. Conduct class competitions and explore reasonable incentive and evaluation mechanisms; Cultivate students' interest in learning.
(3) Summary stage of the seminar:
Make a comprehensive arrangement of the materials accumulated in the research process. Post-test the research object, make a comparative analysis before and after, and draw a conclusion.
7. Form of results
The form of results refers to the form in which the final research results appear. There are two main forms of educational research results, one is text, such as research reports, papers, monographs, case sets, research journals, teaching classes and so on. The other is in non-verbal form, such as audio-visual products, teaching AIDS, learning tools and so on. In what form the research results are presented, the content of the results must be considered.
There can be research papers and reports, monographs and teaching materials, teaching AIDS and teaching instruments, teaching software (including audio-visual products, computer software) and so on. For a project with a long research cycle, there should also be phased results and final results respectively. The phase result may
List by semester. The content and form of research results are different with different topics, but no matter what form, the research of the topic must have results, otherwise, the topic will not be completed.
"A case study on the performance, causes and transformation education of junior high school students with mathematics learning difficulties"
Project implementation plan
Wuxue experimental middle school
Introduction: The so-called students with learning difficulties refer to those students with normal intelligence and low academic performance who show learning difficulties in the process of learning. At present, the proportion of such students in rural middle schools is very large. It is of great practical significance and value to study the characteristics and causes of these students and find out the corresponding countermeasures.
First, the proposal of the topic
1. Huanggang is a big agricultural city and a strong education city. It is an old revolutionary base area with a glorious tradition. The basic education in our city occupies an important position in the whole province and even the whole country. However, in junior high school, there are "students with learning difficulties" in mathematics in various places and schools to varying degrees, and their psychological problems and the gaps and difficulties reflected in their academic level are increasingly prominent.
2. Based on the core concept of the new curriculum-"Everything is for the development of each student", investigate their psychological performance, explore the reasons for their formation, study the general methods of transforming them, and accumulate the general experience of transformation. It not only provides an effective way for the implementation of quality education in our city, but also adds new indispensable content for the implementation of quality education in our city; It is not only an important task of the new curriculum reform, but also an important measure to implement the new curriculum standards. At the same time, it is also to urge the teachers in our city to overcome the unbalanced tendency of attaching importance to IQ over EQ in the practice of educational reform and innovation, get out of the traditional and outdated educational misunderstanding, constantly absorb the reasonable core of all effective educational practices, and find modern, unique, relatively perfect or most instructive methods. Make the study on the causes and transformation of students with learning difficulties become the most common, feasible, scientific and effective educational practice for teachers in our city.
3. After the implementation of compulsory education, the target of junior high school education in China has expanded from selecting the best to all primary school graduates, which not only increases the number of students, but also widens the differences among students, especially in mathematics. The proportion of students with learning difficulties in our school is even larger, sometimes as high as 60%. Judging from the situation of the senior high school entrance examination in recent years, about 15% of the students in our city get low marks in the annual senior high school entrance examination results, and more than 20% of the students in our school get low marks in mathematics. How to face all students, improve the teaching quality in an all-round way, deliver qualified talents for the society, and completely change from "exam-oriented education" to "quality education" is very important for mathematics teachers to solve the problem of students with learning difficulties in mathematics.
The biggest feature of our school is to provide differentiated education for students. This feature determines the students in our school: First, parents work locally, but they are very busy at work; Second, parents work outside and can't go home once a year; Third, parents make a living by doing business and contracting projects, and it is difficult for them to spend time with their children all year round. According to the questionnaire survey, these three types of students account for 70% of the total number of students. The three types of students have a common feature: the family economic conditions are good, but they lack family discipline and restraint, poor self-control, bad behavior habits and weak learning foundation.
Therefore, the development of this topic is conducive to the fairness and justice of basic education resources; It is conducive to strengthening teachers' concern and care for vulnerable groups; Conducive to the steady implementation of the new curriculum reform in junior high schools in our city; Conducive to the healthy growth of junior high school students in our city; It is conducive to the harmonious development of society, family and school education in our city. It is a part of teachers' work in our city to be familiar with the psychological characteristics of students with learning difficulties, deeply analyze the causes of students with learning difficulties and transform them. Transforming students with learning difficulties is the requirement of new curriculum and quality education.
Chapter two: research methods of small topics.
With the deepening of the new round of curriculum reform, teachers and students are increasingly eager for teaching resources. People have clearly realized that in order to fully implement the education centered on cultivating students' innovative spirit and practical ability, it is necessary to integrate the course content, optimize the teaching methods, and develop a set of teaching resources that are closely related to teaching and can promote the transformation of teachers' teaching methods and students' learning methods.
First, what is the subject research?
The research of the subject involves thinking about problems, and teachers will often find and think about some problems. For example: students' poor generalization ability; Students' divergent thinking is not enough; The requirements of the new textbook are inconsistent with the difficulty of the exam; Some contents of new materials can be completely integrated. In short, it is a problem that researchers should explore and solve through research. It has five characteristics:
Topic (1) is that teachers consciously pay attention to some problems and topics in education and teaching practice, reflect and ask questions, and actively make improvements.
(2) The purpose of choosing the topic is not to establish the theory, nor to discover the laws, but the teachers' good wishes for successfully completing the education and teaching tasks.
(3) The topic originates from the real education and teaching problems, which is similar to the problem of speaking in class.
(4) The discipline is relatively microscopic, with small entry points and openings, focusing on a certain point or a certain detail of the problem in education and teaching activities.
(5) The topic is random, accidental and situational, and it is often instantaneous.
Second, how to form a topic
1, how to find the topic:
Find the theme from the question
(1) The objectives and contents of the research course.
(2) Think about how to teach, investigate and think about your own strategies of education and teaching activities, as well as gains and losses.
(3) Study how to develop educational and teaching resources and realize curriculum development.
(4) Studying students' learning problems, including learning interests, learning attitudes and habits, learning methods and self-learning ability.
(5) find a topic to communicate.
Communication between teachers is one of the sources of small topics. Communication can broaden our horizons and let us know more about teaching. In this way, problems that you are not aware of may be aroused and gradually form a research topic.
(6) Reflecting on topics in theoretical study, we should have targeted thinking and interpret and analyze related problems or experiences in our own work.
(7) Find the topic from the students' answers.
Teachers should know more about students' reactions and communicate with students by observing their words and deeds, so as to better discover students' actual needs and solve problems in teaching.
(8) Summarize the subject from the applied research of existing achievements.
Applying other people's research results to their own educational practice is more suitable for young teachers, because they are learning and practicing other people's research results.
(9) sum up experience and form a topic.
Teachers combine their own interests, systematically sort out and rationally analyze their own teaching experience, find their own teaching highlights and successes, promote personality development and form self-education characteristics.
2. Case study on the topic.
(1) The topic of regret
Problem analysis is usually used to determine small topics.
(2) proudly choose the topic
That is, find the growing point of innovation in the place where you do well, and determine the topic for research. You can use empirical focus method to determine the topic.
Third, how to design the project plan.
Three basic elements of small-scale research plan:
(1) Ask questions (clarify the subject)
(2) Analyze the problem (cause analysis)
(3) Strategy (approaches, methods, measures, etc.). ) to solve this problem.
1, how to write the project plan?
(1) Description of project name:
The name of an appropriate research topic can clearly reflect the thinking of researchers and play the role of making the finishing point.
(2) Three elements: research field, research object and research method.
2. How to write the application value (practical significance)?
(1) What problems can be solved through research;
(2) Or what problems can be solved through research;
(3) Practice can provide some reference experience;
(4) It can be formed, created, constructed and tested through practice;
(5) It can be improved, promoted and strengthened through practice.
3. How to write the research goal?
In the expression of research objectives, we should pay attention not to take education policy, training objectives or work objectives as research objectives, but to buckle the writing objectives of topic selection.
4. How to write the research content?
In the research content, we should pay attention to the correspondence with the research goal and avoid the mismatch between the content and the research goal. The so-called research content is to decompose sub-topics and total sub-topics.
Three or four is appropriate.
5. How to write the research method?
Research methods can be a combination of many methods, but it should be noted that not all methods are suitable for any subject, so we should choose research methods purposefully. The research method you choose must be clearly written about how to use it.
Qira county 2 nd primary school
February 2065 438+0X