Liu is a native of Xingtai, Hebei Province, Han nationality. When Kublai Khan, a Mongolian, wanted to take the Central Plains, Liu took the initiative to come to the door and was highly trusted. Officials worship Dr. Guanglu and Taibao, and it is easy to get Chinese books. Yao, Han nationality, was born in Suzhou, a water town in the south of the Yangtze River. He served the Han nationality, but in the eyes of people at that time, his information should belong to the "Wen Jian" emperor, not the "thief prince". When Yao was young, he visited Songshan Temple in Henan and got to know Yuan Xun, a "fortuneteller". Yuan Xun was startled when he saw it: "What a strange monk! The eyes are triangular, like a sick tiger, and the sex will be murderous, Liu Liu. " It is said that Yuan Xun's fortune-telling is very accurate. "Hundreds of scholar-officials are different because of the fate of death, the speed of delay and the length of time." Traditionally, Yao should not be happy to hear this, but this is not the case. Later, when he instigated Judy, the prince of Yan, to launch the "Battle of Jingnan", he specially asked Yuan Gong to "lead the way".
When Liu was young, there was a scuffle among Song, Liao, Jin and Xia. He said, "When people are in troubled times, they should hide themselves first and wait for opportunities." First he became a Taoist in Wu 'an Mountain, and then he became a monk in Tianning Temple. Whether it's a Taoist or a monk, becoming a monk is false, but waiting for an opportunity is true. 1242, monk Haiyun went to "Helin" to see Kublai Khan. On the way, he heard that Liu was very knowledgeable and invited him to go with him. Kublai Khan called and asked, "What are the ways for Buddhism to protect the world?" Hai Yun replied: "Ask the great sages and great Confucians in ancient and modern times how to manage the rise and fall of chaos." Liu is familiar with astronomy, geography and the art of avoiding armour. He accepted Haiyun's remarks, and Kublai Khan greatly appreciated them and stayed in the shogunate. "If you are in a good mood, stay overnight, like a duck in water, like a tiger coming out of the mountain." Kublai Khan gladly ordered Liu to return to the common customs, without changing his original name "Kan" (loyalty), and gave him the name "and married the daughter of Dou Mo, the great teacher of Wei State. At this point, the so-called "loyalty" refers not to "Da Song" but to "Da Yuan".
During the trip to "He Linger", Liu met a "wise master", which completely changed his own destiny and the destiny of the Mongolian Empire. Under Kublai Khan's account, Liu did several beautiful things: first, he put forward tens of thousands of words of strategies: "The way to control chaos depends on the sky and the people", "Take the world for a moment, not stand for a moment"; The second is to adopt the "China method". The general government affairs are called "Zhongshu Province", the military power is called "Privy Council" and the secretary is called "Yushitai". There are temples, prisons, courts and offices in the center, provinces, stations, propaganda, cheap visits, roads, prefectures and counties. Third, the conclusion of the imperial ceremony enabled the political order of Yuan and Mongolia to be sorted out before the founding of the People's Republic of China. Fourth, reduce tax officials, persuade farmers to farm and promote schools. More importantly, Liu suggested that Yanjing (now Beijing) be the capital, and the name of the regime should be "Dayuan" in the Book of Changes. In this way, not only the Mongolian regime quickly completed the transformation from slavery to feudalism, but also the Chinese civilization was inherited and continued, indicating that the country under the rule of Yuan and Mongolia was not only a Mongolian nation, but a continuation of the feudal dynasty in the Central Plains. This move is really amazing!
/kloc-at the age of 0/4, Yao became a monk in Miaozhi Temple with the idea that "if you succeed in your studies, you will become an official in the DPRK and honor your parents, otherwise you will go abroad to study Buddhism and have fun". During the Hongwu period of Zhu Yuanzhang, he went to the capital (Nanjing) to ask for an official, but failed. On the way home, in front of Gu Beishan, I felt the thrilling historical story that happened here for thousands of years and recited:
After years of fighting,
The fireworks are still half dead.
Wuzhou Mountain is near the clouds,
Long live the empty buildings and cold in jathyapple.
There is no tide in the river,
Noda has a road to Jintan.
Where is Xiao Liang's career now?
Gu Bei Qingqing is tired of watching it.
Han Zong, another monk, retorted, "Do you understand this?" Yao Bao laughed. Obviously, although he is a Buddhist, he has no other arms. Many years later, he once said, "I am addicted to literature for the sake of stupa." The articles of people who can write in the past are all sought after and read. " In the fourth year of Hongwu (137 1), Zhu Yuanzhang summoned the monk, and Yao lost his chance because of illness. After his recovery, he took a nap with his friends. A five-colored finch flew around the court. Friends joked, "This finch is a symbol of five colors and civilization. My son is ill. Future articles should be greatly improved. " After hearing this, Yao wrote a poem: "Wild fields are full of millet, flying high. He is looking at the Qiong Qi tree of that year. " Expressed his great ambition. In the fifteenth year of Hongwu (1382), Zhu Yuanzhang recorded the eminent monk again and gave the prince as a mentor. Yao walked up to the prince and said in a low voice, "The poor monk can present a white hat to the prince." How clever Judy is, he certainly knows what this means: a "king" wearing a "white" hat is an "emperor"! Soon after arriving in Peiping, Yao couldn't wait to introduce Yuan Xun, the "fortuneteller", to "discuss the world", and buried many jars around the city wall, raised chickens and ducks to silence their voices, made weapons and trained soldiers. In hindsight, without Yao's planning, I might not dare to mention things; Without Yao's planning, nothing could have been achieved. After the victory of the "Jingnan Battle", Yao "praised the product first, decided later" and "worked first". He is also loved, just like Kublai Khan treated Liu, made Yao secular, gave him a name, a house and a group of beautiful women. In his later years, Yao was tired of the hardships and dangers of the officialdom struggle and unwilling to give up his lifelong career pursuit, so under the guidance of the prince and grandson, he presided over the compilation of Yongle Dadian and A Record of Ming Taizu. At that time, when Liu died, he was heartbroken, and most of them were buried as gifts for the Taishi. When Yao died, it was the same. "The emperor dropped out of school in sorrow and looked forward to it for two days." According to the monk system, he was buried in Lugou River, west of Beijing. Gu Xingzu, the Hou of Zhenyuan, gave an order to sacrifice the spirit, read the imperial edict and remember the "Jingnan Gongye". Liu and Yao, such successful figures with dual personalities and identities, are little known in China's feudal society, that is, in the history of the late Yuan Dynasty and the early Ming Dynasty.
In his early years, Liu gave lectures in Purple Mountain, and studied under famous politicians and scientists such as Wang Xun, Guo Shoujing, Zhang Yi and so on. In teaching, Liu teaches students in accordance with their aptitude and guides them according to their characteristics and interests. For example: Wang Xun is good at counting, so he teaches nine chapters of arithmetic, making him a master of mathematics; Guo Shoujing is diligent in his hands. When he was young, he made his own celestial observation instruments and timers, so he taught science and engineering and let him show his talents in astronomy and water conservancy. Liu's success in education has a great reference for officialdom, which makes him better in selecting, cultivating and using talents for the court. He believes that "the gentleman who exists is too big to be a villain, or it is short; People who are detained by villains are narrow-minded and cannot be the same as gentlemen, or they are long. " In this sense, both learned people and ordinary people may be talents in a certain field. Based on this, Liu recommended dozens of people to the court, and later they were all important officials of the Yuan Dynasty. Liu once wrote to Kublai Khan, "a wise gentleman uses people as teachers, depending on their size, and uses rules to apply ink." This is the fundamental reason for the rapid development of politics, economy, culture and other undertakings in the early Yuan Dynasty.
Liu, who helped the Mongols "design the top floor" to build the country, is also worth mentioning. This is the imperial city of Ming and Qing Dynasties-Beijing City, which he presided over. A project led by the rulers' advanced concept of capital construction since the Han Dynasty, the construction of this city lasted 18 years, and it was the largest city in the world at that time, with the former dynasty, the later city, Zuozu and Youshe, the main street was 24 steps wide and the small street was 12 step wide, with 384 fire lanes and 29 lanes. Kyle Polo, a European, described it in detail in his travel notes, which attracted westerners' "infinite yearning" for the beautiful Eastern Empire. Of course, I don't blame Liu for what happened later.
In the early years of Yongle, Yao went to Suzhou for disaster relief as an imperial envoy. It is a great happy event to return home with clothes on, but for him, it is also accompanied by a sense of disappointment: "Since there is no grave, where is the ancestral business?" When I was old, it was impossible to sweep. "After returning to Beijing, he kept a rooster and got up every morning to do his work. During this period, the biggest thing he did was to preside over the compilation of two masterpieces, Yongle Dadian and Ming Taizu Lu. Yongle Dadian was originally compiled by Jie Jin with the title of Documentary Masterpiece and presented to the imperial court. After the emperor saw it, he was very dissatisfied and ordered Yao to rebuild it. It took Yao several years to finish this task. Later, 77-year-old Yao came out of the mountain again and presided over a reconstructed record until his death. This "A Record of Ming Taizu" is the "three revised editions" we saw today, and the time and content of the revision greatly exceeded the previous two. However, when the book was written in the 16th year of Yongle (14 18), Yao, who spent the rest of his life on it, died two months ago.
Liu was also an outstanding poet in Yuan Dynasty. His seven methods, the road in the clouds, are not bad at all, even in the works of the Tang Dynasty:
Wildflowers bloom in the far horizontal direction,
Cold sand in the desert.
Idle birds don't vote for trees at night,
I am very tired and homesick every autumn.
After years of ups and downs in Wan Li,
I lay in the mist.
Come to Korea, go to Juyan Road,
Think about the past and change your temple.
Yes, "idle birds don't cast trees at night, and they miss home more every autumn." This is a wonderful sentence of extreme origin of a person who has joined the WTO, and it is very funny to read. After the Battle of Jingnan, Yao went to Changzhou to visit his sister Yao, but he didn't see Xu or his relatives and friends Wang Bin. Only then did he realize that although he had a successful career, he was alienated from others. After that, do as many good deeds as possible in the court, do good deeds, do good deeds, and buy people's hearts. In his spare time, Yao either meditated in the mountains or toured in the mountains, and once wrote a beautiful sentence, "A piano with five feet, a peach blossom and a carp flying in March". Harmony between man and environment, and harmony between things and me is a natural and wonderful sight. Compared with the inner world of traditional literati, Yao's poems are "poor, independent, and generous, helping the world". He integrated Confucianism and Buddhism, took the political road and pursued his ideals. His broad-minded heart, in history and nature, has both the enthusiasm of the people and the emptiness of Zen thinking, which is rare in history.