One is physical appearance, which is manifested by the rapid increase of height and weight. The second is internal function, which is manifested by the increase of cardiopulmonary capacity and energy metabolism of the body. The function of the nervous system, especially the brain, has been significantly developed. The third is the maturity of sexual organs and sexual functions, which is manifested in the emergence of the first and second sexual characteristics and the "awakening" of sexual consciousness.
As a result of these physiological changes, the psychological changes of teenagers are caused:
First, the organization, flexibility and agility, creativity, independence and criticism of thinking activities have developed significantly. Second, the content of emotion and emotion is increasingly rich, and the proportion of social morality is gradually increasing. Emotion is characterized by high excitability, excitability, variability, tension and impulsiveness.
Third, self-awareness, more conscious and active control of behavior and care for themselves have made some progress in the content and level of self-evaluation, but there is often a lack of consistent evaluation standards. Therefore, adolescence is a semi-naive and semi-mature period, a period of great psychological contradictions and conflicts, and a period of frequent psychological obstacles and mental diseases.
As educators, we should accurately understand the characteristics of teenagers' psychological development, adopt educational forms and measures that teenagers like to see and hear according to law, and promote the all-round development and healthy growth of teenagers' psychological quality.
Some people have done research on the mental health of teenagers and found that three problems are more likely to occur during this period:
1. The physiological development of adolescence has a great influence on teenagers' psychology, but due to the lack of correct guidance, teenagers' psychological load is too heavy. Second, the variability and impulsiveness of emotions lead to the emergence of problem behaviors and psychological barriers of depression. Third, although self-awareness is enhanced, self-evaluation ability is limited, which easily leads to rebellious psychology.
Therefore, it is the key to ensure the healthy growth of teenagers to pay attention to the characteristics and laws of their physical and mental development, treat the problems in development correctly and prevent the occurrence of psychological obstacles and mental diseases of teenagers.
Here we focus on the following points:
Correctly use the educational expectation effect to stimulate students' self-esteem and self-confidence.
2. Take the education method of giving priority to praise, supplemented by criticism.
3. Make full use of the educational function of group psychology to create a good cognitive environment.
Groups can enable young individuals to maintain consistent views and evaluations with groups on some important principled issues. It is on the basis of this recognition that the class spirit is produced, and a good class spirit will exert a subtle educational effect on young individuals.
In the class group, teenagers will form informal groups within the group because of the complementary relationship formed by common interests and ways to meet their needs. This small group can be roughly divided into three types, namely positive group, negative group and destructive group.
Because the members of small groups are inseparable, live together day and night, and have a relationship of mutual trust and interdependence, teachers should be good at analysis and make small groups develop in a healthy direction.
We should adopt the attitude of trust, communication and support for active small groups, handle the relationship with the core figures of these small groups, give full play to their specialties, and make group members actively participate in class collective activities through them;
For negative and destructive small groups, we should educate, strive for and reform, pay close attention to their development trends, seize the signs in time, and take decisive measures to effectively limit and eliminate their destructive factors.