In the process of education and teaching, there are many channels to implement legal education, including systematic legal and political education courses, the cultivation of legal activities of young pioneers and league members, the influence of the school's material, spiritual and interpersonal legal education environment, and the integrated legal education that connects the legal forces of families and communities. However, even though there are many implementation channels, there is no doubt that classroom teaching is the main channel for implementing legal education in primary and secondary schools. The education of primary and secondary schools is an inseparable whole. They are interrelated and infiltrated with each other, which is the main way for students to learn cultural knowledge and cultivate their ideology and morality. Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively develop the current teaching of various disciplines and organically infiltrate the developed legal factors into the teaching of various disciplines, so as to increase the legal content in the teaching of various disciplines and strengthen the cultivation of legal awareness, thus forming a complete discipline system for implementing legal education. Therefore, while imparting knowledge to students, teachers should fully tap the educational factors inside, seize the opportunity, and timely and moderately infiltrate, so as to truly sing the melody of legal education in classroom teaching.
First, the necessity of infiltration
Nowadays, with the development of economy and society, the standards of training talents in school education have undergone fundamental changes: education is no longer satisfied with the acquisition and accumulation of knowledge, learning is not only the memory of conclusions, but also the ability of students to read, write and calculate. The builders and successors of the future society must be of high quality, high starting point and have certain legal knowledge. As a basic and initial education method, primary and secondary education should adapt to and challenge this global development trend. If the teaching of all subjects in the school is limited to the traditional educational concept and ignores the modern legal education, it will inevitably be abandoned by the historical trend. The subject infiltration of legal education in primary and secondary schools is based on the height of the times. This paper carefully examines this social development trend and puts forward action strategies in view of the needs of future talent training and the gap between primary and secondary education at present.
Infiltrating into the teaching of legal education in primary and secondary schools, its educational advantages are incomparable to other legal education methods. First, it has a location advantage. In the current objective primary and secondary education system, subject courses always occupy a central position and play a leading role. Subject courses and their classroom teaching are the basic forms and main ways for schools to achieve educational goals. It is also impossible to carry out legal education beyond subject courses and classroom teaching in primary and secondary schools. In this sense, the subject infiltration of legal education is a main way to carry out legal education in primary and secondary schools, and it is also the only way to implement legal education. Second, there are quantitative advantages. The dominant position of subject curriculum determines that it is also the largest in school education. In all kinds of education in primary and secondary schools, the number of subject courses occupies an absolute advantage in the whole subject courses in primary and secondary schools. The quantitative advantage shows that education is extensive and in-depth, and grasping the subject curriculum is to grasp the main line of legal system infiltration. Third, there is a time advantage. The advantages of subject courses in time are also obvious. In the current curriculum plan for primary and secondary schools, the subject courses in grades 1 ~ 5 account for 75% ~ 78% of the total class hours per week, which fully shows the time advantage and ensures the comprehensive penetration of legal education in primary and secondary schools.
To sum up, the subject infiltration of legal education in primary and secondary schools not only conforms to the international development trend and the needs of national conditions in the educational direction, but also is fully guaranteed in the action strategy.
Second, the principle of infiltration.
1, the purpose principle. Teaching is always an activity with a clear direction and purpose, and the infiltration of legal education in primary and secondary schools is a purposeful and planned teaching activity. Teachers are required to incorporate legal education into teaching objectives, be good at developing legal education factors contained in teaching materials in lesson preparation and teaching implementation, and list them as research contents when carrying out subject teaching and research activities.
2. Organic principle. To infiltrate law education in subject teaching, it is necessary to organically combine subject teaching content with legal system. We can neither make subject teaching a law course, nor ignore the legal education factors contained in the teaching content of each subject. According to the characteristics of the subject, based on the teaching materials, we should properly grasp the scale and infiltrate it imperceptibly in teaching. For example, in a Chinese class, the teacher asked the students to use the word "support" and answer "support" all their lives. At this time, the teacher praised them and guided the students according to the situation, telling them that it is their children's "right" for parents to "raise" adults, and it is their children's "obligation" to "support" the elderly. Everyone's rights and obligations are equal. You can exercise your rights, but you must also fulfill your obligations. In this way, students receive both language education and profound legal education.
3. The principle of selectivity. Knowledge teaching is systematic, from shallow to deep, taking students' acceptance of the nearby development field as the standard, and the infiltration of legal knowledge should be based on this view, step by step, and gradually increase in the depth of knowledge. Therefore, the infiltration of legal education in subject teaching must fully consider students' age characteristics, cognitive rules and students' acceptance, and choose the content and degree of infiltration according to students' knowledge, experience and understanding ability. In the textbook system, some contents appear many times in different grades, which requires teachers to choose the difficulty and depth of infiltration suitable for the characteristics of students in grades and classes. For example, when infiltrating the goal of "protecting animals", the requirements of different grades are different. In the teaching of grade one and grade two, students should know that animals are good friends of human beings, protect animals, and understand the legal knowledge of protecting rare birds and animals formulated by some countries. By the third and fourth grades, students can penetrate into the limited ability of how to protect animals. In my senior year, I can infiltrate how to use legal weapons to crack down on the bad guys who kill wild animals. We can not eat wild animals, we can take the initiative to stop our parents and people around us from eating wild animals, and we can also report to the relevant departments the businessmen who manage and kill wild animals and let the law punish them.
4. The principle of closeness. The infiltration of legal education in subject teaching must be carried out according to the content of teaching materials. The content of legal education should be the content that the textbook should have, and it can't be attached or far-fetched. Discipline legal education should be effectively integrated with double-base teaching and double-base training, instead of "wearing boots and hats" and "two skins". The penetration of law education in subject teaching should be reflected in the whole process of teaching, and should not be piecemeal and far-fetched.
5. Emotional principle. The infiltration of legal education in subject teaching must be full of emotion, must pay attention to atmosphere, and must use true feelings in the teaching process. In teaching, teachers and students should not only exchange knowledge, but also exchange thoughts and feelings. This kind of communication is very conducive to the infiltration of legal education, which can make students feel the situation, understand the reasons and understand the situation, and achieve the actual effect of "internalization". For example, when teaching Chinese texts such as Little Tadpole Looking for Mother, Camel and Sheep, Little Gecko Borrowing Tail, Pearl Bird, etc. Let the students feel the interesting, lovely, beautiful or spiritual side of animals between the lines described in the text. When students are inspired and edified by the feeling of beauty, they can compare the beautiful scenes in Chinese teaching with the ugly phenomena that seriously damage the environment in reality (such as white pollution, frequent sandstorms in cities, acid rain affecting people's lives, etc.). ), it will naturally inspire students' love for the environment, and understand that it is precisely because these animals live in harmony with us that nature will become so beautiful, thus inspiring students to consciously protect animals and plants and make the earth we live in a better place. This not only improves reading interest, but also makes students understand the importance of protecting the environment.
6. The principle of interest. Curiosity and inquiry consciousness are common psychological phenomena among students, and they are the driving force to induce them to observe, experience, discover and create constantly. All these are driven by interests, so the principle of interests should be implemented when subject teaching permeates legal education. The key to "fun" is "excitement". The combination of knowledge and interest is realized in the process of subject infiltration, so that students can succeed through the perception, understanding and exploration of legal system infiltration, and then have a sense of satisfaction and constantly stimulate their interest in learning legal knowledge. Reflections on the infiltration of legal education in subject teaching
Third, infiltration method.
Infiltrating law education into the discipline, we should first fully follow the discipline teaching rules, and excavate the factors involved in law education in the teaching materials and teaching methods according to the characteristics of the discipline; At the same time, we should also pay attention to the infiltration method of law education, so as to make subject teaching and law education harmonious and unified. Only in this way can the legal education in subject teaching be effective.
1, infiltration in life. In the infiltration of legal content, we should start from students' life experience and existing knowledge background, talk about the legal system in connection with life, embody the idea that "legal system originates from life, exists in life and is applied to life", and cultivate students' legal consciousness. After learning the text "The River in front of my house", the students sincerely like the beautiful scenery of this river all year round. At this time, they can guide students to get in touch with reality again and see that none of the rivers around them are clear now, which is completely different from that of more than 20 years ago. In the past, there were children swimming in the river and having a water fight. The fish in the river was delicious and edible, and women washed clothes in the river. Now the fish in the river are inedible, and even the color of the river is sometimes black, which smells strange. Students will sigh through analysis, discussion and comparison, "How important it is to protect the environment!" At this time, the Environmental Protection Law was introduced in time to let students know that all countries in the world attach great importance to this issue and designated June 5th as "World Environment Day". In this way, legal knowledge permeates into practice, so that students are not passively accepted, but naturally recognized.
2. Infiltrate into the situation. Creating a beautiful teaching environment and artistic atmosphere can make students immerse themselves in the atmosphere of legal education as soon as they enter the classroom, and immediately transfer their thoughts and emotions to the rich atmosphere of classroom teaching, so that students have a desire to learn. For example, when students are required to draw "I am a small law enforcement officer" in art teaching, the art classroom should be set up as a small court, so that the walls, blackboards and cabinets are filled with all kinds of paintings, handicrafts and sculptures related to the legal system ... In addition, some slogans are posted on the back wall of the classroom to create a strong legal education atmosphere, so that students can be emotionally infected and resonate as soon as they step into the classroom. When teaching, let students watch the trial video of mock trial first, and then put a small animation about legal knowledge, so that students can make a small table of impartial law enforcers. In this situation, students' emotions are sublimated and their desire for painting is stimulated, so that the lines and color blocks they draw with strokes are no longer heartless things, but symbols expressing sincere feelings, and the perfect combination of emotion and painting is realized.
3. Infiltrate into the game. Playing games is a child's nature, which can effectively stimulate interest in learning and arouse students' enthusiasm. Confucius said, "Knowing is not as good as being kind, and being kind is not as good as being happy." When students have a strong interest in what they have learned and a strong thirst for knowledge, they can take the initiative to learn. In addition, in the process of actively participating in the game, students strengthen the concept of organization and discipline, and cultivate the sense of cooperation and collectivism honor. For example, in the teaching of Oxford English 2A, students are asked to say a few simple commands when they see the traffic lights. The teacher carefully designed the teaching link. First, let the students move, cut and draw a picture. Everyone prepares red, green and yellow lights, and then let the students play games. Ask three people to act as lights, policemen and pedestrians respectively, and perform the scene of crossing the road. Stop. Yellow light. Wait! Green light. Let's go On the basis of mastering these sentence patterns skillfully, carry out expansion exercises. The teacher put some simple no-parking signs in the classroom, such as left turn, right turn, no parking and so on. Turn the small classroom into a park, a road and a parking lot, and then let the students master the sentence "No parking while playing"! No bike! Don't cross! Turn left! Turn right! In the pleasant game, students not only mastered English knowledge, but also learned a lot of traffic laws and regulations, which enhanced students' consciousness of obeying traffic laws and maintaining traffic order.
4. Infiltrate into the case. In classroom teaching, students can discuss and analyze by listing real-life examples, and finally distinguish right from wrong and master legal knowledge. For example, in the class of "maintaining public order", we can use the method of case analysis to let students discuss before drawing a conclusion. In class, the teacher asked the students this question: someone stole a bicycle and wanted to sell it at a low price, but you just need a bicycle. Do you want to buy it or not? As soon as the teacher's voice fell, a classmate said, "why don't you buy something cheap?" ! "Some said," Stolen things can't be bought. Buying them is to help thieves sell stolen goods. " Both sides hold their own opinions and argue endlessly. When the time was ripe, the teacher showed them the relevant laws and regulations, and said to them, "According to the regulations on administrative penalties for public security, those who bought it knowing it was stolen goods were detained on 15, and 200 yuan was fined or given a warning. Because the act of buying knowing that it is stolen goods directly helps criminals escape guilt or obtain illegal benefits, interferes with the judicial organs to investigate and deal with stolen goods, and brings harm to society, it is subject to legal sanctions. " Having said that, the students all understand that it is illegal to buy stolen goods, and they all say that they can't buy stolen goods cheaply, and that if they find that others have stolen goods, they should report them to the relevant departments. In this way, in a relaxed and pleasant atmosphere, legal knowledge has penetrated into the hearts of every student and achieved good educational results.
5. Infiltration in the application of modern educational technology. Today's era has entered the era of high-tech information, and the teaching methods are constantly updated. Make full use of modern information technology in classroom teaching, we can know all kinds of information in time and widely, and at the same time, we can educate students in legal system in time. For example, in the early study of mathematical statistics, students are required to have a wide range of knowledge, but the content of books that students are exposed to is narrow. Teachers can use modern information technology to collect information about legal knowledge, such as air pollution, noise, juvenile crime rate and birth rate in Hubei Province. Then let students make statistical tables, so that students can master the method of drawing statistical tables and understand relevant legal knowledge. For example, in the fifth grade teaching "broken line statistical chart", teachers can design the problem of "statistics of monitoring results of sulfur dioxide and smoke in urban atmosphere" and infiltrate the environmental protection law. After teaching the example, we talked about the fact that the sulfur dioxide in the urban air of this city is seriously exceeding the standard, the smell makes people dizzy and disgusting, and the Yangtze River water is becoming more and more turbid, which will soon become the second Yellow River, and told students that these are all caused by people destroying the environment, so that students can enhance their awareness of environmental protection. So as to achieve the purpose of mathematics teaching, and organically integrate with law teaching, and play a multiplier role.
6. Infiltrate in the class summary. The finishing touch is the infiltration method used by the teacher when dealing with the final part of the class. At the end of a class, the teacher put the legal factors that students are exposed to concisely in the class, so that some fragmentary and unclear feelings about the legal system formed by students in the class can be made clear through the guidance of the teacher. This kind of gentle teaching often leaves a deep impression on students and plays the role of "the class has done its best"
Four, the problems that should be paid attention to in the infiltration
It is very important to infiltrate legal education into subject teaching, but we should also pay attention to simplified and strengthened formalism. What we are talking about here is infiltration, neither imposing attachment nor usurping the role of master. Therefore, we should pay attention to the following points:
1, find the "breakthrough point". Textbooks of various disciplines contain extremely rich educational factors. Therefore, the infiltration of legal education must rely on teaching materials, without which it will become a tree without roots and passive water. However, most of the educational factors in textbooks are hidden in knowledge. Only by mastering the teaching materials comprehensively can we realize the true meaning of educating people and explore the best combination of knowledge teaching and legal education, that is, the "infiltration point" of legal education in teaching. Students are the subject of teaching, the master of learning and the object of education, which requires that legal education should not only follow the law of students' cognition, but also conform to the law of the formation of legal consciousness. Only by finding the right starting point can law education go straight to the hearts of the people.
2. Grasp the "infiltration opportunity". Only by starting with the teaching materials and finding the breakthrough point can teachers draw a steady stream of "living water". Obviously, the penetration point exists objectively and cannot be arranged by teachers at will, but must be arranged according to its specific position, level and position in the teaching material. With the random infiltration of teaching progress, legal education in accordance with students' aptitude is characterized by sensibility and sensibility, "sensibility" and "intellectuality", which means that the method, form and opportunity of infiltration should be conducive to creating the best infiltration atmosphere, that is, the best psychology for students to recognize and accept infiltration. We can't ignore teaching knowledge, force it, force it, and we can't just focus on teaching. We can barely infiltrate legal education by perfunctory or things have changed. This will destroy the overall effect of classroom teaching. It can be seen that grasping the infiltration opportunity is to obtain the best infiltration effect. Only by carefully designing teaching and making full use of advanced teaching means and methods can we achieve twice the result with half the effort.
3. Master "permeability". Finding the right penetration point is to solve the problem of where to penetrate and where to cut in, and grasping the penetration opportunity is to solve the problem of when and how to cut in. However, if the infiltration of legal education in teaching is not enough and in place, it will fall short and the effect will be poor; Excessive infiltration will change the nature of the subject and turn it into a legal course, which requires us to be neither biased nor restrained, carefully plan and handle the scale of infiltration, so as to be both in place and not offside, moderate and not excessive.
In the teaching of law education, it is very important to deal with the "point", "time" and "degree" of infiltration. Finding the breakthrough point is the key, grasping the breakthrough point is the difficulty, and grasping the breakthrough point is the key. Only by teaching students in accordance with their aptitude, instilling emotions in teaching and timely and moderately infiltrating can teachers organically integrate knowledge imparting, ability training, intellectual development and ideological cultivation, and give full play to the role of legal education in classroom teaching.
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