(A) the disciplinary connotation of speech pathology
As an independent discipline, speech pathology has been established for nearly a hundred years. According to the definition of American Speech and Hearing Association, speech pathology is a comprehensive interdisciplinary subject, which spans linguistics, psychology, education, neurophysiology, biology, cognitive science, engineering and medicine. Linguistic pathology has the nature of clinical science, and its goal is to discover the principle, essence and obstacles of human communication behavior. Through the study of abnormal language phenomena in patients with language disorders, we can understand and master the process of normal language acquisition, production and understanding, as well as the pathological principle of abnormal process, and study the corresponding rehabilitation treatment methods on this basis. The research and clinical work of speech pathology includes speech disorders, prosodic disorders, aphasia, language acquisition disorders and hearing disorders.
Our understanding of the subject of speech pathology is to describe and explain the normal development mode of language, speech and hearing in the process of human individual growth, and to explore the dysfunction, variation or obstacle in different ages, with the ultimate goal of providing appropriate treatment services for patients with language and communication disorders and helping them solve language and communication problems.
(2) The main research direction and content of speech pathology.
The study of speech pathology is very extensive. According to the classification of professional disciplines published by the American Speech Hearing Association (AHSA) 1994, the main research directions of speech pathology include: basic disciplines related to speech pathology, language disorder neurology, developmental language disorder, acquired language disorder, phonetics disorder, resonance disorder, fluency disorder, hearing disorder, swallowing disorder and language engineering, etc. 10 or above. Its research content involves linguistics, pathology, neurology, ethics, pedagogy, psychology, electronic engineering and research methodology.
(3) The theoretical basis of speech pathology.
Linguistic pathology is an interdisciplinary subject, and its main theoretical basis includes four aspects:
1, linguistics
The basic theoretical knowledge of linguistics in phonetics, vocabulary, syntax, semantics and pragmatics is the main aspect for language pathologists to evaluate and treat language communication obstacles. Psycholinguistic knowledge of language acquisition and language cognitive processing is the main basis for language pathologists to evaluate language communication barriers. The theoretical knowledge of applied linguistics, such as language teaching, is the methodological basis of language therapy for patients with language disorders. Therefore, the main branches of linguistics, including phonetics, syntax, semantics and pragmatics, as well as psycholinguistics, neurolinguistics, language acquisition, language teaching and other disciplines, are the theoretical basis of language pathology. Therefore, the American Speech Hearing Association clearly stipulates that speech therapists must have a certain degree of linguistic knowledge in order to obtain professional qualifications.
2. Psychology
Psychology is another important basic theoretical source of language pathology. Among them, developmental psychology provides the basic theory of individual psychological occurrence and development in sports, language, cognition and social communication, and is an important theoretical basis for speech pathologists to evaluate patients' language development. Cognitive psychology provides the basic theory of individual cognitive process. The theoretical knowledge of social psychology and clinical psychology plays an important auxiliary role for speech pathologists to evaluate the social communication function of dyslexic patients and formulate clinical treatment methods.
3. Medicine
Medicine is an important basic theoretical source of language pathology in physiology and pathology. The theoretical knowledge of anatomical physiology, neurophysiology, audiology, genetics, psychiatry and other disciplines provides the basis for the diagnosis of language disorders. Rehabilitation medicine, rehabilitation therapy and other related disciplines provide important technical means for the treatment of language barriers.
4. pedagogy
There are huge obstacles in the process of receiving education for patients with language barriers, and one of the most important purposes of providing language therapy for these patients with language barriers is to let them enjoy the right to education. Therefore, educational psychology and special pedagogy, two basic theoretical disciplines in pedagogy, have become an important support for the clinical application of language pathology. At the same time, the establishment and development of speech pathology is closely related to the improvement of special education level.