The person in charge of the Department of Vocational Education and Adult Education of the Ministry of Education said that the Opinions further deepened the reform of the vocational education system on the basis of systematically summarizing the achievements of vocational education reform and development since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and it was a major reform that fully implemented the spirit of the 20th Party Congress and focused on solving outstanding contradictions and problems in the reform and development of vocational education. "Focus on solving three problems: the problem of development concept, that is, how to treat vocational education; The problem of development path, that is, how to do vocational education; Who will do the vocational education on the main responsibility? " The person in charge said.
Get rid of the traditional cognition of vocational education
The person in charge of the Department of Vocational Education and Adult Education of the Ministry of Education said that the Opinions broke the traditional cognition of "dwarf" and "narrow" vocational education and directly hit the difficulties and pain points in the reform practice.
The functional orientation of vocational education has changed from "job hunting" to "people-oriented", paying more attention to serving people's all-round development. Establishing and perfecting the gradient vocational education and training system with multi-form connection, multi-channel growth and sustainable development, promoting the coordinated development and mutual integration of vocational education and general education, and enabling students with different endowments and needs to choose and diversify into talents for many times, plays an important role in resolving the educational anxiety caused by the separation of vocational education and general education.
The focus of vocational education reform has shifted from "education" to "production and education", paying more attention to serving economic and social development. The integration of production and education is the basic feature and the greatest advantage of modern vocational education. Faced with the blocking point in the integration of industry and education, the Opinions put forward the system design of building a city-wide integration of industry and education, combining vocational education with industry progress, industrial transformation and regional development, giving full play to their respective advantages, innovating a benign interaction mechanism, and solving the problem of low matching between the supply side of talent training and the demand side of industry.
The development path of vocational education has changed from "classification" to "collaboration", and more attention has been paid to coordinating the collaborative innovation of "three religions". "Vocational education and general education are two different types of education, which are equally important, but they are not parallel or antagonistic." The person in charge said that on the basis of consolidating the characteristics of vocational education types and improving the key school-running ability of vocational schools, the Opinions further clarified the positioning of vocational education types, and coordinated the collaborative innovation of vocational education, higher education and continuing education, from "different" to "collaborative". All kinds of education have complementary advantages and cross-integration, and all obey and serve the common goal of "running a satisfactory education for the people".
Improve the key school-running ability of vocational schools
The person in charge of the Department of Vocational Education and Adult Education of the Ministry of Education introduced that the Opinions put forward a series of major measures for vocational education reform in the new stage, and designed five key tasks around vocational education self-reliance.
Improve the key school-running ability of vocational schools. Around modern manufacturing industry, modern service industry, modern agriculture and other urgently needed professional fields, we will set up a group of national experts in building the core competence of vocational education, build a group of core courses, high-quality textbooks, teachers' teams and practical projects, select a group of national vocational education professional teaching resource banks, online quality courses and virtual simulation training bases, enlarge and strengthen the intelligent education platform of vocational education, expand the sharing of high-quality resources, and serve the lifelong learning of the whole people and the construction of a skilled society.
Strengthen the construction of "double-qualified" teachers. The person in charge introduced that relying on head enterprises and high-level universities, a number of national vocational education "double-qualified" teacher training bases will be built. Promote the identification of "double-qualified" teachers in vocational education, and guide all localities to formulate provincial-level "double-qualified" teachers identification standards and implementation methods.
Building an open regional practice center integrating production and education. We will start the construction of high-level practice centers, implement differentiated support policies for localities, enterprises and schools through government construction, diversified participation and market drive, and build a number of public practice centers, enterprise practice centers and school practice centers that integrate practical teaching, social training, physical production and technical service functions.
Expand the channels for students to grow into talents. Establish an examination enrollment system that conforms to the rules of running vocational education and the growth of skilled personnel, support provinces to formulate vocational college entrance examination plans according to local conditions, and expand the enrollment scale of applied undergraduate colleges in vocational college entrance examination; Formulate guidance on through training of vocational education, and support provinces to carry out five-year through training of secondary vocational schools and higher vocational schools (3+2), seven-year through training of secondary vocational schools and vocational or applied undergraduate courses (3+4), and five-year through training of higher vocational colleges and vocational or applied undergraduate courses (3+2). "Vocational education is not' end education' or' lower education', but a distinctive type of education. Students who receive vocational education can either continue their studies or find jobs, or they can find jobs first and then pursue their studies, so as to maximize the growth of students through various channels. " The person in charge said.
Innovate the international exchange and cooperation mechanism. Continue to run the World Vocational and Technical Education Development Conference and the World Vocational College Skills Competition well, promote education through production, and build an international cooperation platform for vocational education.
A number of national projects leading the reform in the field of vocational education have been launched.
The "Opinions" focus on establishing a coordinated promotion mechanism between the Ministry and the province, designing a new reform mechanism of central and local interaction, regional linkage and cooperation between government, enterprises and schools, and striving to create a new ecology with sufficient system supply, conditions and deep integration of production and education.
Breakthrough, support basic and willing places to demonstrate first and establish models. At the beginning of 2023, about 10 provinces were selected to establish a coordinated promotion mechanism between ministries and provinces, and the implementation plan of "one province and one case" was compiled. "One province and one policy" was given differentiated support, and "one province and one account" was promoted item by item.
Online promotion, around the key lines of school-running ability, launched a number of key policies and key projects. On the one hand, around the above-mentioned "five key tasks", special engineering plans were launched respectively, and a number of national-level projects leading the reform in the field of vocational education were launched to set a benchmark and build a brand. On the other hand, in view of the "dare not touch" and "difficult to talk about" difficulties in the reform of joint-stock system, mixed ownership system and vocational education examination enrollment system, policies were issued at the national level to send signals to the society, provide support to the localities, and guide the grassroots to make bold attempts and breakthroughs.
According to the person in charge of the Social Department of the National Development and Reform Commission, in recent years, the enrollment scale of vocational education has increased substantially, and secondary vocational and higher vocational schools train about100000 high-quality technical and technical talents for the country every year. Vocational education majors keep up with market demand, constantly adjust their structure and optimize their settings. National vocational schools have opened more than 1300 majors, which basically cover all fields of the national economy. Constantly optimize the structure of teachers, speed up the open recruitment of teachers from those who have worked in enterprises for more than 3 years, and the proportion of "double-qualified" teachers has been continuously improved.
According to reports, at present, 2 1 national pilot cities for integration of production and education have been identified, and more than 4,600 enterprises for integration of production and education have been cultivated in various places. A large number of industry organizations and industry associations actively participated in the integration of production and education, and initially formed a promotion mechanism of integration of production and education with cities as nodes, industries as fulcrums and enterprises as the focus.