1, heuristic exploration method
The purpose of heuristic exploration method is to inspire children to explore and acquire new knowledge by relying on the mathematical knowledge and experience they have mastered. This is an important way for children to learn mathematics under the guidance of teachers, which can stimulate their enthusiasm for learning to the maximum extent and fully mobilize their initiative in learning. It must be noted that: (1) Heuristics should run through the whole process of mathematics teaching and the learning process of children's active thinking and exploration under the guidance of teachers; (2) Heuristic exploration method should be combined with operation method; (3) Teachers' questions should play a role in guiding children's thinking and exploring directions; (4) Teachers inspire, encourage children to think independently, and fully mobilize children's learning enthusiasm; (5) When children encounter difficulties in the learning process, teachers should enlighten, encourage and help them in time.
2, the game method
The purpose of the game method is to stimulate children's interest in learning mathematics through games. Game is a very important way and method for children to learn mathematics, and it is also an effective means for children to acquire mathematical knowledge and develop their thinking. The main game modes are: (1) games with plots, such as watching movies and taking seats according to the ticket number; (2) Play with the senses, such as listening to drums and counting; (3) oral games, such as songs; (4) Competition games, such as countdown games.
3. Inductive deduction method
Induction is a method to obtain new mathematical knowledge by summarizing simple essential characteristics and laws with the help of existing knowledge. Deduction is a method of reasoning with conventional knowledge to obtain new mathematical knowledge. Through these two methods, children can acquire preliminary reasoning ability and use it to learn new mathematics knowledge. For example, after knowing the triangle, children will know that any figure with three sides of the triangle is a triangle; After studying the arrangement rules of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, we can infer the arrangement form of 6- 10.
Other methods (appreciation, observation, conversation, induction, deduction, situational method)
4. Comparative method
The purpose of comparison method is to find out the similarities and differences by comparing two or more groups of objects. According to the form of comparison, it can be divided into corresponding comparison (such as overlapping comparison, etc. ) and non-correspondence comparison (such as single and double row non-correspondence, etc.). ). In the application of comparison method, we must pay attention to: (1) In the process of comparison, we should guide children to observe and compare carefully; (2) Teachers should ask enlightening questions (questions should focus on key requirements) to guide children to compare; (3) In the process of observation, we should guide children to think positively, try to find out and learn to summarize.
5, operation method
Children's thinking is concrete, and they think with the help of the images of things in their minds. Simply teaching and explaining to children can not achieve good teaching results, and it is not conducive to the development of children's thinking ability. How to optimize mathematics education activities, promote children to learn more effectively and actively, and enhance their self-confidence? In practice, I found that arithmetic is the basic method for children to learn mathematics. Because the psychological process in early childhood has obvious characteristics of concretization and randomness, some novel, plot-based, changing and hands-on activities can attract their attention and interest. Children can fully mobilize their initiative and interest in learning by operating specific materials (mostly common natural objects, toys, etc.) through operating activities. ), and every child has enough materials to give them the opportunity to operate independently and carry out learning activities. Be sure to pay attention to: (1) create necessary conditions for children's operational activities; (2) Before the child begins to operate, the purpose and specific operation methods of the operation should be clearly explained; (3) Give children enough time to operate, observe, think and explore; (4) Observe the child's operation and guide the child to think by asking questions; (5) The discussion results help children organize and summarize on the basis of perceptual knowledge, clarify concepts and turn them into internal thinking activities.