Before the May 4th Movement, China's classical literature can be divided into poems, essays, operas and novels.
Poetry is divided into classical poetry (four words, five words, seven words and miscellaneous words), modern poetry (five sentences, seven sentences, five laws and seven laws), ci (poetry, middle tune and long tune) and Sanqu (poetry and divertimento). Prose is divided into narrative prose, travel prose, reasoning prose and lyric prose.
Novels are divided into note novels, legendary novels, storytelling novels and Zhang Hui novels. 1. Pre-Qin Poetry: The Book of Songs and Songs of the South created the realistic and romantic tendencies of China's ancient poetry respectively.
Prose: The achievements of prose creation in the pre-Qin period are mainly manifested in historical biographies (Zuo Zhuan, Mandarin, Warring States Policy) and essays of various schools (works of Confucius, Mencius, Xunzi, Laozi, Zhuangzi, Mozi and Han Feizi). 2. Poems of Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties: Yuefu folk songs in Han Dynasty, in which peacocks fly southeast, and Mulan Ci is called Yuefu.
In addition, there are poems by Cao Zhi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and pastoral poems by Tao Yuanming. Prose: Historical Records, biographical history books.
3. Poetry in the Tang Dynasty: The achievements of literary creation in the Tang Dynasty are mainly reflected in poetry creation. Poets Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi and the Prose of the New Yuefu Movement: Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan and the Novel of the Ancient Chinese Movement: Tang Legend and Li Chuan. 4. Poetry in the Song Dynasty: The achievements of poetry creation in the Song Dynasty are mainly reflected in the creation of ci (bold: Su Shi, Xin Qiji; Graceful and restrained school: Liu Yong, Li Qingzhao) Prose: Novels by Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties: Pinghua 5. Yuan Zaju: The achievements of literary creation in Yuan Dynasty are mainly reflected in the creation of Yuan Zaju.
Guan Hanqing's Dou Eyuan, Ma Zhiyuan's Autumn Colors in the Han Palace, and Wang Shifu's The West Chamber 6. Novels in Ming and Qing Dynasties: The achievements of literary creation in Ming and Qing Dynasties are mainly reflected in novels. (Ming) Sanyan Erpai, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Water Margin, Journey to the West; (Qing) Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, Scholars and A Dream of Red Mansions; Four condemnation novels (late Qing Dynasty): the appearance of officialdom, the strange place for 20 years, the flower of the evil sea, and the travel notes of the old disabled.
Opera: The Story of Pipa by Gao Zecheng, Peony Pavilion by Tang Xianzu, Peach Blossom Fan by Kong and Palace of Eternal Life by Hong Sheng. Four Books, The Analects of Confucius, The Doctrine of the Mean, University, Mencius, The Book of Songs, Shangshu, Book of Rites, The Book of Changes, Spring and Autumn Period, Eight-part essay, Title, Beginning, Beginning, Middle and Later, six books, Lao Zi, Bundle. Tail protection, illness, sweeping, convergence, horizontal scaling and vertical bamboo forest, Seven Immortals Ji Kang, Liu Ling, Ruan Ji, Dan Tao, Ruan Xian, Xiang Embroidery, Wang Rong, Eight Immortals Li Bai, He, Li, Li Jue, Cui Zongzhi, Su Jin, Zhang Xu, Eight Immortals Rong Chenggong, Li Er, Dong Chushu and Zhang Cong. Su Shi, Wang Anshi, Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, Ouyang Xiu, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe, Wang Anshi, Thirteen Classics, The Book of Songs, Shangshu, Book of Rites, Yili, Biography of Ram, Biography of Liang and Biography of Zuo. Sima Qian], Han Shu [Han? Ban Gu], History of the Later Han Dynasty [Ye Fan, Sima Biao], History of the Three Kingdoms [Jin? Chen shou], Jin Shu [Tang? Fang et al. ], Song Shu [Southern Liang? 】 【 Southern Chaoliang 】【 Southern Chaoliang? Xiao Zixian], Liang Shu [Tang? Yao Silian], [Tang? Yao Silian], Shu Wei [Beiqi? Wei Shou] "Beiqi Book" [Tang? Li Bai Yao], [Tang? Ling Hudefen and others. 】, [Tang? Wei Zhi, etc. 】, "Southern History" [Tang? Li yanshou], Northern History [Tang? Li yanshou] "Old Tang Book" [Later Jin? Shen Shao et al.] The Book of the New Tang Dynasty [Song? Ouyang Xiu, Song Qi] History of the Old Five Dynasties [Song? Xue is waiting for the New History of the Five Dynasties [Song? Ouyang Xiu], Song History [Yuan? Take off, etc. , Liao history [yuan? Take off, etc. , stone [yuan? Take off, etc. ], Yuan Shi [Ming? Song Lian, etc. 】, "Ming History" [Qing? Zhang, Four Great Classical Novels and Luo Guanzhong's Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Water Margin, Wu Cheng'en The Journey to the West, Cao Xueqin's Dream of Red Mansions, Cowherd and Weaver Girl, butterfly lovers, White Snake and Four Cultural Heritage, Ming and Qing Archives, Yin Ruins Oracle Bone Inscriptions, Juyan Han Bamboo Slips, etc. Hong Sheng's Palace of Eternal Life, Four Denunciation Novels in the Late Qing Dynasty, Li's The Appearance of Officialdom, Wu Woyao's Adventures in Twenty Years, Liu E's Travels of the Old Disabled, Flowers of Evil, Hamlet, King Lear, Macbeth and Othello.
2. Literature common sense of key junior high school entrance examination
Before the May 4th Movement, China's classical literature can be divided into poems, essays, operas and novels.
Poetry is divided into classical poetry (four words, five words, seven words and miscellaneous words), modern poetry (five sentences, seven sentences, five laws and seven laws), ci (poetry, middle tune and long tune) and Sanqu (poetry and divertimento). Prose is divided into narrative prose, travel prose, reasoning prose and lyric prose. Novels are divided into note novels, legendary novels, storytelling novels and Zhang Hui novels.
1, before Qin dynasty
Poetry: The Book of Songs and Songs of the South created the realism and romanticism trends of China's ancient poetry respectively.
Prose: The achievements of prose creation in the pre-Qin period are mainly manifested in historical biographies (Zuo Zhuan, Mandarin, Warring States Policy) and essays of various schools (works of Confucius, Mencius, Xunzi, Laozi, Zhuangzi, Mozi and Han Feizi).
2. Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties
Poetry: Folk songs of Han Yuefu, among which Peacock Flying Southeast and Mulan Ci are called Yuefu. In addition, there are poems by Cao Zhi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and pastoral poems by Tao Yuanming.
Prose: Historical Records, biographical history books.
3. Tang Dynasty
Poetry: The achievements of literary creation in the Tang Dynasty are mainly reflected in poetry creation. Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi and the New Yuefu Movement
Prose: Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan and the movement of ancient Chinese prose
Novel: Li's Legend in Tang Dynasty.
4. Song Dynasty
Poetry: the achievements of poetry creation in the Song Dynasty are mainly reflected in the creation of ci (bold school: Su Shi, Xin Qiji; Graceful school: Liu Yong, Li Qingzhao)
Prose: Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties
Novel: Pinghua
5. Yuan Dynasty
Zaju: The achievements of literary creation in Yuan Dynasty are mainly reflected in the creation of Zaju in Yuan Dynasty. Guan Hanqing's The Injustice of Dou E, Ma Zhiyuan's Autumn Colors in the Han Palace, and Wang Shifu's The West Chamber.
6. Ming and Qing Dynasties
Novels: The achievements of literary creation in Ming and Qing Dynasties are mainly reflected in novels. (Ming) Sanyan Erpai, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Water Margin, Journey to the West; (Qing) Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, Scholars,
A dream of red mansions; Four condemnation novels (late Qing Dynasty): the appearance of officialdom, the strange place for 20 years, the flower of the evil sea, and the travel notes of the old disabled.
Opera: The Story of Pipa by Gao Zecheng, Peony Pavilion by Tang Xianzu, Peach Blossom Fan by Kong and Palace of Eternal Life by Hong Sheng.
Four books: The Analects of Confucius, The Doctrine of the Mean, University and Mencius.
Five Classics: The Book of Songs, Shangshu, Book of Rites, Yijing and Chunqiu.
Eight-part essay breaks the topic, undertakes the topic, starts, shares, shares, shares, shares, shares.
Wen Zi's six complete works of Lao Zi, Zhuangzi, Liezi, Xunzi, Yang Zi's Fa Yan and Zhong Shuo.
The six books of Chinese characters are pictographic, referential, phonological, comprehensible, annotated and borrowed.
The nine strokes of calligraphy are putting pen to paper, turning pen, hiding peak, hiding head, protecting tail, punching, sweeping pen, astringent, horizontal balance and vertical pen.
Seven sages of bamboo forest Ji Kang, Liu Ling, Ruan Ji, Dan Tao, Ruan Xian, Xiang Xiu and Wang Rong.
Eight Immortals of Drinking: Li Bai, He, Li, Li Wei, Cui Zongzhi, Zhang Xu and Jiao Sui.
Rong Shu Chenggong Eight Immortals, Li Er, Dong Cuoshu, Zhang Daoling, Yan Junping, Li Babai, Fan Changsheng and Mr. Jules.
, Wang, Li Shan, Huang Shen, Jin Nong, Gao Xiang, Li,.
Huang Tingjian, Ouyang Xiu, Su Shi, Wang Anshi, four masters of the Northern Song Dynasty.
Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, Ouyang Xiu, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe, Wang Anshi, Ceng Gong, eight masters of ancient prose in Tang and Song Dynasties.
Thirteen Classics: Book of Changes, Book of Songs, Shangshu, Book of Rites, Rites, Biography of Ram, Biography of Liang Bo, Biography of Zuo, Filial Piety, Analects of Confucius, Erya and Mencius.
Twenty-four histories "Historical Records" [Korea? Sima Qian], Han Shu [Han? Ban Gu], Later Han Dynasty [Ye Fan, Sima Biao], Three Kingdoms [Jin? Chen shou], Jin Shu [Tang? Fang et al. ], Song Shu [Southern Liang? 】 【 Southern Chaoliang 】【 Southern Chaoliang? Xiao Zixian], Liang Shu [Tang? Yao Silian], [Tang? Yao Silian], Shu Wei [Beiqi? Wei Shou] "Beiqi Book" [Tang? Li Bai Yao], [Tang? Ling Hudefen and others. 】, [Tang? Wei Zhi, etc. 】, "Southern History" [Tang? Li yanshou], Northern History [Tang? Li yanshou] "Old Tang Book" [Later Jin? Shen Shao et al.] The Book of the New Tang Dynasty [Song? Ouyang Xiu, Song Qi] History of the Old Five Dynasties [Song? Xue is waiting for the New History of the Five Dynasties [Song? Ouyang Xiu], Song History [Yuan? Take off, etc. , Liao history [yuan? Take off, etc. , stone [yuan? Take off, etc. ], Yuan Shi [Ming? Song Lian, etc. 】, "Ming History" [Qing? Zhang et al.],
Four Great Classical Novels's Romance of the Three Kingdoms and Luo Guanzhong, Shi Naian's Water Margin, Wu Cheng'en's Dream of Red Mansions, Journey to the West and Cao Xueqin.
Four major folklore: Cowherd and Weaver Girl, Meng Jiangnv, Liang Zhu, White Snake and Xu Xian.
Four cultural heritages: Ming and Qing archives, Oracle bones in Yin ruins, Han bamboo slips in Juyan and Dunhuang scriptures.
Four Great Dramas in Yuan Dynasty: Dou Eyuan by Guan Hanqing, Romance of the West Chamber by Wang Shifu, Peony Pavilion by Tang Xianzu and Palace of Eternal Life by Hong Sheng.
Four condemnation novels in the late Qing Dynasty: Li's Officialdom Appears, Wu Woyao's Adventures in Twenty Years, Liu E's Travels of the Old Disabled, and Flowers of Evil.
Hamlet, King Lear, Macbeth and Othello.
3. I want to find some literature knowledge review of the senior high school entrance examination language and ask experts for advice. Thank you.
First, the common sense ballad of China ancient literature 100 (for reference only) 1.
There are two sources of pre-Qin literature, realism and romanticism. The Book of Songs is divided into 300 poems about elegance, which reflects the reality. (1) Remember Fu Bixing's techniques, the famous poems "Storytelling" and "Cutting Tan"?
Romanticism is Chu Ci, and Li Sao was written by Qu Yuan. There are two schools of prose in the pre-Qin period, and all the "philosophers" and history books should be recorded.
Confucianism, Mohism and Taoism belong to different schools, each with its own masterpieces handed down from ancient times. The Confucian Analects of Mencius and Mohist Mozi are found in the masterpieces of Taoist Laozi Zhuangzi and legalist Han Fei.
There are two styles of historical prose, which are divided into "country" and "chronological"; The former is Mandarin and Warring States Policy, and the latter is Chunqiu and Zuozhuan. 2。
Literature in the Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, poetry achievement in the Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties is relatively high; "Yuefu Shuangbi" is praised by people, and Jian 'an literature praises "Three Caos". The ancestor of pastoral is Tao Qian, and the legacy of "picking chrysanthemums" can be seen in moral integrity. Historical Records is the first biographical style, which is called "Li Sao has no rhyme"; Ban Gu inherited Sima Yi (4) and the chronological innovation of Hanshu; Jia's essay "On Qin" is full of momentum; "Be a Teacher" is famous for later generations, and "Peach Blossom Garden" is enjoyable.
Ci and Fu are prevalent, and Zhang Heng's The Second Beijing seems to be near misses. Literary criticism is also on the rise, and Wen Xin Diao Long is really superb.
Parallel prose pursues formal beauty, and the novel is still rough at first. 3。
The literature of the Tang Dynasty flourished in the Tang Dynasty, and the "four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty" were extraordinary. Wang Yang and Luo Lu wrote metrical poems and memorized all the metrical poems and quatrains. The romantic poet pushed Li Bai and sang "Difficult Road to Shu" all the way.
Realism is Du Fu, while Three Officials and Three Partings are unusual. Lotte advocates new Yuefu, and Pipa Xing and Song of Eternal Sorrow are all famous.
Pastoral schools include Wang, Meng, Gao and Cen. In the middle Tang Dynasty, Li He was marvelous and Jia Dao was handed down from generation to generation.
The rise of "Little Du Li" in the late Tang Dynasty ⑤; Since then, it has settled like dust. Liu Han's ancient prose is innovative, and Epang Palace Fu has been sung for thousands of years.
The legend of the Tang Dynasty has matured, and the representative work is Liu Yichuan. 4。
Literature of the Song Dynasty There are a vast number of literary words in the Song Dynasty, which are graceful and unconstrained. Liu Guan and Li Qingzhao are romantic and affectionate.
Su Shi opened the bold school, and The River of No Return was full of high spirits. Xin Qiji, a patriotic poet, is in high spirits. Su San, Wang Zeng and Ouyang Xiu inherited Liu Han's writing. Although Gong Fan's works are few, the story of Yueyang Tower shines brilliantly.
Lu Fangweng, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, still misses the idea of returning home in Shizi. Who hasn't died since ancient times? Future generations cherish the memory of Wen Tianxiang. General History Chronicle I, Zi Tongzhi Jane, Sima Guang.
Shen Kuo, the author of Meng Qian's pen talk, is very famous. 5. There are three kinds of Sanqu in Yuan Dynasty: Yuan, Ming and Qing, with different poems and collections.
Zaju represents the four great masters, with Guan Hanqing as the first; Dou E's tragedy has been passed down through the ages, and the characters are the most vivid. The other three are Zheng Mabai, and The West Chamber has a good reputation. There are many outstanding plays in Ming and Qing Dynasties, such as Peach Blossom Fan and Peony Pavilion.
All novels are chapter after chapter, and the "four classic novels" are the peak. Scholars will never forget how popular Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio is.
There is also a short story that imitates the style and compiles "Sanyan" Feng Menglong. Fang Bao started Yao Nai, and his prose genre is called Tongcheng School.
Gong Zizhen, a famous poet in the late Qing Dynasty, advised God. Note: ① The Book of Songs has 305 volumes, and "300" is an integer.
(2) Peacocks flying southeast and Mulan poems (3) refer to Cao Cao, Cao Pi and Cao Zhi. ④ Sima Qian ⑤ refers to Li Shangyin and Du Mu.
⑥ refers to Zheng Guangzu, Ma Zhiyuan and Bai Pu. Fill in the blanks with the common sense of ancient literature.
1。 The Book of Songs is China's first collection of poems, which includes poems from the early Western Zhou Dynasty to the mid-Spring and Autumn Period.
Also known as "". The "six meanings" in The Book of Songs refer to: 2.
The Book of Songs and Songs of the South are two peaks in the history of China literature, representing the highest achievements of pre-Qin poetry and creating a harmonious poetic style. 3。
Qu Yuan was the first great poet in the history of China literature. Li Sao is the first lyric poem in existence.
His main works are Waiting.
4. Please write: Theory of Three Represents of Confucianism: Theory of Three Represents of Taoism:,, 5. Zhu was called the Four Books in the Southern Song Dynasty. 6. "Laozi" is also known as ""; Zhuangzi is also called Zhuangzi.
7。 Peacock Flying Southeast is China's first narrative poem (the first lyric poem is Li Sao) and the longest folk narrative poem in ancient times. It is called ""together with the Mulan poem of the Northern Dynasty.
8。 Represented by Gan Bao's Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio.
Novels of people with lofty ideals: based on Liu Yiqing's 9.
Four Masters in Early Tang Dynasty 10. Wang Wei and Meng Haoran are the representatives of the pastoral poetry school in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
Su Shi's works: "There are paintings in poems and poems in paintings". 1 1。
The representatives of frontier poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty: Gao Shi, Cen Can and Wang Changling. "Mochow has no confidant in the road ahead, and everyone in the world knows the monarch" is a famous sentence.
12。 Poet Li Bai, poet Du Fu, people's poet Bai Juyi.
Li Bai, word,no. lay man. Li Bai is a great poet.
Representative works include The Yellow Crane Tower Farewell to Meng Haoran in Yangzhou, and It's Difficult to Go into Wine (and set my cloudy sail straight and bridge the deep, deep sea, despite the long wind and waves). ) Difficult Road to Shu, Climbing Mount Tianmu in a Dream, Qiu Ge, Poems on a Quiet Night, etc.
Du Fu, also known as Du Gongbu, was a great poet. His poem is called ".
Du Fu's style is called "depression and frustration". Du Fu claims to be his own language ",and the language is not surprisingly endless.
"Bai Juyi, lotte, is a layman. He is another great realistic poet after Du Fu.
Bai Juyi advocated that "articles should be written in time". 13。
"Little Du Li" in the late Tang Dynasty means: 14. In Tang and Song Dynasties, it was: 15.
Four masters of Yuanqu: 16. Among the poets in the Song Dynasty, those who belong to the bold school are:,. 17. Among the poets of the Song Dynasty, there are:,.
18。 Bai Yuan: refers to the poets in the middle Tang Dynasty.
Third, historical knowledge 1, Spring and Autumn Annals is the history of Lu. 2. The Warring States Policy is a miscellaneous history book and an excellent collection of essays.
3. Zuo Zhuan is an early historical work of China, and also a famous prose with literary value. 4. Historical Records is the first general history of China, which is not only a historical masterpiece, but also a literary masterpiece. Lu Xun praised it as "the swan song of historians".
" 5。 Zi Tong Zhi Jian, referred to as Tong Jian, was edited by Sima Guang in the Northern Song Dynasty. It is the first general history of China and plays a very important role in the history books of China.
6。 The first four histories: Historical Records in the Western Han Dynasty, Ban Gu in the Eastern Han Dynasty, The Book of the Later Han Dynasty in the Southern Dynasty and The History of the Three Kingdoms in the Three Kingdoms.
4.HKCEE's knowledge points
First, choose the subject you are most sure about, such as history. Then strictly grasp the time of multiple-choice questions, which should not exceed 35 minutes. When doing the questions, we must focus on them, such as the position, nature and purpose of political parties in the political affirmation exam, the principle of multi-party cooperation, the principle of organizing activities in the exam, the market value law of national physical education exams and industries, and the role of finance and taxation. Political science, let me summarize the way of democratic decision-making 1) social conditions and public opinion system (understanding social conditions and public opinion system in many aspects) if citizens make comments online) 2) expert consultation system (citizens ask experts, Experts use their own professional knowledge to analyze) 3) Social publicity system (decision-making organs will publicize various decisions to design public interests) 4) Social hearing system (citizens express their opinions at the hearing) Democratic supervision law (attention is different from democratic decision-making law)1) * * Reporting system (citizens reflect their opinions by writing to state organs, calling in person or pointing out to relevant personnel, Put forward criticisms and suggestions) 2) System of people's deputies contacting the masses (citizens reflect their opinions, suggestions and demands to NPC deputies and form NPC deputies' motions, which are uploaded to state organs of power) 3) System of public opinion supervision (citizens publicly express their opinions through the news media) 4) Supervision hearing, democratic appraisal meeting and online discussion * * * * * Summary of knowledge points * * * Nature and status: China * * is the executive organ of state organs of power. It is the executor of the people's will and the defender of the people's interests. * * * Purpose: Serve the people wholeheartedly. * * Basic principles: be responsible for the people, establish the concept of "people-oriented" and build a harmonious society. * * * Working principle: authority comes from the masses; Power is for the people; Love is tied to the people; Responsibility for the benefit of the people: Responsible for the people (social management and public service functions) 1) Function of safeguarding people's democracy and maintaining the long-term stability of the country 2) Function of organizing socialist economic construction, expanding: rational allocation of educational resources/optimal allocation 3) Function of organizing socialist cultural construction, expanding: improving citizens' quality; 4) Providing social public services, expanding: creating a good social environment, improving the market employment mechanism and expanding the scale of employment. 5) *** undertakes important functions, which does not mean that * * * is in charge of everything. * * * Pay attention to changing functions, promoting fair competition, and improving China's administrative ability * * * Summary of knowledge points 1) ***. 2) Purpose of * * * *: Building the Party for the Public and Governing for the People 3) Position of * * * * * *: Foundation of the Party, Foundation of Governance and Source of Strength 4) Ruling Ability of * * * * *: Adhering to Scientific Governance, Democratic Governance and Ruling by Law 5) Core of * * * * * * 6) Guiding Ideology of * * * Er, is the supplementary exam about philosophical life or cultural life? I can help you look at the answer. There are too many supplements sent here. Please give me a QQ mailbox and send it to you right away.
5. China literature common sense in the senior high school entrance examination.
(a), poetry common sense: 1, characteristics: 1) has a strong sense of * * * color; 2) Express thoughts and feelings through images; 3) rich imagination; 4) concise language; 5) rhymes with a sense of rhythm 2. Classification: 1) Expressive forms-① lyric poems, ② narrative poems, such as Back to Yan 'an and Mulan Poems; 2) Genre-① Old-style poems (including words and songs) ② New-style poems (free poems and prose poems), such as Xijiang Moon, Dreams and Some People (2), common sense of prose: 1, definition: 2, characteristics: scattered in form but not scattered in spirit.
Materials without form and dispersion are not limited by time and space; Expressions are not eclectic. The focus of prose expression must be clear and concentrated.
3, classification: the focus of performance-① narrative prose (centered on writing notes, often with lyrical elements, such as "Back". (2) Lyric prose (focusing on some things and vividly expressing the author's feelings), such as Praise of Poplar. 4. Clue-Prose often has a clue in structure, which runs through the material and becomes an organic whole. For example, "Back", with "back" as the main line runs through the full text.
(3), novel 1, definition: 2, three elements of novel: characters, plot and environment. ① Characters: A. Depicting characters is the main means to reflect social life in novels; B, characterization is typical and representative; C. Methods of shaping characters: appearance description, action description, psychological description, language description, etc. 2 Plot: A, the novel shows the character and expresses the theme through the storyline; B, composition-(prologue), beginning, development, * * *, ending, (conclusion) 3 Environment: A, the environment is the world of character activities; B. Environment includes social environment and natural environment, with emphasis on social environment.
3. Classification: short stories (seven matches), novellas (Li Youcai's banhua), novels (A Dream of Red Mansions) (4), drama literature 1, definition 2, classification ① Art forms and expressions-drama, opera and ballet; 2 plot simplification and structure-full-length drama and one-act drama; (3) The times reflected by the theme-historical drama and modern drama; (4) The nature and expression of conflicts-tragedy, drama and comedy; (3) Features of the script: (1) The script must be suitable for stage performance; (2) The script must have concentrated and sharp contradictions and conflicts; ③ The characters' language and actions must conform to their own identity and personality characteristics. 4. Descriptive words in the script.
5. Film and television literature script-the blueprint for shooting movies and TV series is a literary genre between drama literature and novels. The description of characters and scenes emphasizes visualization.
The second kind 1. Practical style: narrative, expository and argumentative (1). Narration: 1. Definition: an article with narrative and description as its main forms of expression and characters, narrative and scenery as its main contents. 2, three elements: people, time, place, cause, process and result of things.
3. Narrative sequence: chronological narration, flashback and interpolation. 4. Details of the narrative. 5. Narrative center and materials: The central idea is expressed through concrete materials, and materials must serve the central idea. The materials used in narrative writing should pay attention to expressing true feelings.
6. Expression: Narration, explanation, discussion, description and lyricism are five basic expressions. Narrative is mainly narrative, but it can be expressed in many ways.
(2), argumentative essay 1, definition 2, argumentative essay three elements: argument, argument and argumentation. Arguments are the author's views and opinions on the issues discussed and must be correct.
Arguments are used to prove the facts and authenticity of arguments. Argumentative writing is a method to prove an argument with arguments, and it is a link between arguments and arguments.
The common methods of argument are putting facts, reasoning, putting facts and reasoning. 3. Argumentation methods: ① Argumentation (that is, putting forward and clarifying one's own views or opinions on certain events and problems, such as talking about bones) ② Refutation (that is, expressing opinions on certain events and problems, refuting one-sided, wrong or even reactionary views or opinions, such as "friendly shock") 4. Three ways to refute an argument: a. directly refute the other party's argument; B, refute each other's arguments by refuting each other's arguments; C. refute each other's arguments by refuting each other's arguments.
5. The relationship between refutation and argument: the two are not completely separated. Breaking and standing are the unity of dialectics.
6. General structure of an argumentative paper: asking questions (introduction)-analyzing questions (this theory)-solving problems (conclusion) (3), explaining text 1, definition 2, explaining the characteristics of things: the symbol that distinguishes one thing from other things is the center of explanation. 3. The order of interpretation: spatial order, chronological order and logical order. 4. Interpretation methods: classification, numbering, definitions, examples, analogy and comparison, as well as quotations, personification, charts and explanations. 5. The four characteristics of popular science explanation are scientific, vivid (interesting), organized and accurate.
5. Classroom exercises: For details, please refer to the training materials and the General Review of Junior Middle School Chinese (Knowledge Representation and Nuclear Ability Test). In the third class, the review goal is to master the main points, contents and steps of fairy tales, fables, news, communications, notes, speeches, inscriptions and tables. First of all, the teacher briefly explains other genres involved in junior high school textbooks: fairy tales, fables, news, communications, notes, speeches, inscriptions and tables. Second, students briefly discuss the characteristics of the above genres in the study group and make a brief record. Third, the faculty.
Fairy tales are fictional, not true stories. For example, the fable of The Emperor's New Clothes (II) is a literary style with persuasive or allegorical stories as its content, and its length is generally short. The protagonists are often anthropomorphic animals, plants or other things and phenomena in nature.
It usually puts profound truths in simple stories to compare one with another, closer and farther, bigger and smaller. For example, "Two Aesop Fables" (3) News: also called news, timely and accurately reports recent important events at home and abroad. Generally, the length is relatively short (it can be slightly longer according to the needs of the content).
A piece of news mainly includes three parts: title, introduction and theme.
6. Does the national volume 1 test literature common sense?
Literary common sense: Although the college entrance examination syllabus has specific requirements for the examination of literary common sense, except for a few provinces and cities, most papers do not test literary common sense. The national examination papers have failed to test literature common sense for many years in a row, and most of the examination papers in other provinces and cities have failed to test. The general requirements for "literary common sense and famous sentences" in the 2009 examination syllabus are: "being able to recite literary common sense and memorize famous sentences". (2) Memorizing common sense of literature; (3) Dictation of common famous sentences and articles. Judging from the examination practice in the area where the curriculum standard is located in the past three years, most provinces and cities, except Zhejiang, combine reading famous sentences, ancient poems and even modern literature except Fujian in 2008. "Writer's Works" examines "importance" and "literary common sense" highlights "normality". The scores of provinces and cities vary from 4- 1 1, and most of them are 5-8. Most of the test materials come from high school Chinese textbooks, and the examination of famous sentences tends to decrease after class to reduce the burden of candidates preparing for exams. The focus of the examination is to fill in the blanks with famous poems and famous sentences in famous articles (famous sentences expressing situational feelings, famous sentences full of philosophy of life or expressing positive emotions). It requires candidates to understand the content on the basis of memory in order to choose accurately, which is more difficult than rote learning. This kind of problem tends to get cold. (National Volume 1, 2009) Fill in the blanks in the following famous sentences. (Choose one of the two questions) (5 points) (1) Confucius said, "He who knows is not confused." Zi Han) Forty-eight thousand years have passed. However, there is still only one bird's path in Dabaishan to the west. Then connect the ladder with the stone crib. (Li Bai's "Difficult Road to Shu") (2) Curse your mind and suppress your ambition, while ... consolidate the thickness of the former sage. (Qu Yuan's Lisao) Feather fan with black silk scarf, laughing and laughing, ..., and the early birth of Fahua. (Su Shi, "Nian Nujiao? Red cliff nostalgia ").
7. I am interested in this major. I want to know why I need cultural knowledge and so on.
The director's written examination mainly includes: literary knowledge, film and television works analysis, story writing, scheme planning, camera writing, director's creativity, argumentative writing, news commentary, prose writing, etc.
Common sense of literature and art: the scope of investigation is mainly the most basic knowledge of literature and art, including both the knowledge of high school students and the most basic common sense of life. The knowledge of art includes the basic knowledge of music, art, architecture, dance, film and television, such as whose masterpiece is the oil painting Mona Lisa, who is the "father of waltz" and which TV station was first established in China.
There is no shortcut to the study of literary common sense. Recitation is the main learning method, and you can also consolidate your memory achievements and improve the knowledge points of literary common sense by doing simulated test questions.