Yao's quality and wisdom are extraordinary. "Its benevolence is like heaven, and its knowledge (wisdom) is like god. Like the sun, it looks like a cloud. Rich but not arrogant, expensive but not comfortable. " Therefore, after he acceded to the throne, the situation changed greatly: first of all, to recommend the sages of his family with both ability and political integrity, to make the people closely unite and achieve the "sum of nine families"; It is also necessary to examine the political achievements of officials, distinguish between high and low, reward good and punish evil, and make government affairs orderly; At the same time, pay attention to coordinating the relations among ethnic groups, educate people to live in harmony, and achieve "harmony among ethnic groups, harmony between people and the times", so that the world is at peace, politics is clear, and the world is at peace.
According to historical records, Yao married Chen Feng's daughter and gave birth. Marry your daughter and live a good life. Although it collapsed, wisdom represented it. The emperor is not a good minister, but my brother Li is for Emperor Yao.
Emperor Yao, Fang Xun. Its benevolence is like heaven, and its knowledge is like god. Like the sun, it looks like a cloud. Rich but not arrogant, expensive but not comfortable. Huang collects his clothes and rides a white horse. Only by understanding and restraining morality can we kiss nine families. Since the nine clans are in harmony, they will rule the people. The people are bright and live in harmony with all ethnic groups.
It is life, harmony, respect for heaven, counting the sun, the moon and the stars, and respect for people. Xi Zhong's life, living in Yu Yi, said to be a valley. To the morning glow, and then go. In Japan and China, the stars are birds, and spring is cloudy. Its analysis of people, birds and beasts. Shen Ming, Uncle Xi, lives in the southern suburbs. I will do it in the south, and I respect it. In midsummer, the sun shines forever. Its people are caused by birds and animals. Dedication and loyalty, living in the west, is called the valley of ignorance. Respect the Tao into the sky, and then become the west side. In the middle of the night, the stars are empty, so it is the Mid-Autumn Festival. People are fickle, birds and beasts have hair. Shen Ming and uncle; Living in the north is called Youdu. It's in the squat pit. The days are short and the stars are long, so it is the middle of winter. People are ashamed, birds and animals are dead. The age of 366 days is four o'clock in a leap month. Believe in a hundred officials, and all achievements will be prosperous.
Yao said, "Who can do this?" Fang Qi said, "The successor Dani is enlightened." Yao said, "Whew! Stubborn, unnecessary. " Yao added, "Who can do it?" Lu Dou said, "Let's gather around the work together. Available. " Yao said, "Gong Gong's polite words are used strangely, as if the whole sky is respectful." Yao said, "Hey, the four mountains are flooded with soup, and the mountains are vast and the people are worried. Can anyone cure them? " They all said nothing. Yao said, "You must die and destroy this family." Yue said, "Well, it's no use trying." Yao then heard a gunshot. Nine years old, useless.
Yao said, "Hey! April: I have been in office for 70 years. Can you finish my task? " Yue Ying said, "Bede looks down on the throne." Yao said, "Take care of your relatives and those who are alienated and hidden." Everyone said to Yao, "There is compassion among the people, and their name is Yu Shun." Yao said, "Of course, I heard it. What is it? " Yue said, "The blind are all children. Father is stubborn, mother is jealous, and brother is proud. He can be filial and will not be raped. " Yao said, "I'll try." So Mrs Yao's second daughter values her virtue more than her second daughter. Shunxun gave birth to his second daughter as a bride price. Yao Shanzhi, is to make harmony and harmony with the five codes, and the five codes can be followed. It's all about officials and officials. Guests are at Gate Four, Jiang Mumu is at Gate Four, and princes and guests from afar are respected. Yao Lingshun went into the mountains, Lin Chuanze, and he was not lost in the wind and rain. Yao thought it was an imperial decree and said, "A woman can get a job in three years. The woman ascended the throne. " Shun told Yu De not to be afraid. On the first day of the first month, Shunshou finally went to Wen Zu. Wen Zu and Yao Dazu also.
So the emperor Yao was old, and in order to observe the destiny, he ordered Shun to be in charge of the emperor's political affairs. Shun is taking care of Yuheng, for Zheng. Therefore, it is similar to God, covering six grids, observing mountains and rivers, and arguing with God. Pay homage to Wu Rui, choose an auspicious day, and see all the priests in Sishan and Banrui. In February, I went to the east to attend the inauguration ceremony. As for Daizong, I looked at the mountains and rivers. Then I saw the commander-in-chief of the East, who gave five gifts, five jade, three silks, two lives, one death, and so on, according to the same law. In May, the southern tour inaugural; In August, the first westward journey; 1 1 month, northern patrol takes office: business as usual. In return, as for the Zuni Temple, special cow gifts were used. Five-year-old hunting patrol, four dynasties and rear groups. Tell me all the time, do your best and serve me mediocre. Zhao Shi has two states, namely Juechuan. For punishment, five punishments, whipping for official punishment, flapping for teaching punishment, and gold for redemption. After the disaster, forgive; The ultimate thief, punishment. Qin zai, Qin zai, but the punishment is quiet!
Go to work together, Yao said I can't try, work together. Yao thought it was impossible for Siyue to raise guns to control floods. Yue tried in vain, which inconvenienced the people. The number of three seedlings in Jianghuai and Jingzhou is chaotic. So Shun returned to the emperor and asked him to work in a secluded mausoleum and become a Northern Emperor. Put a pocket in Chongshan to become Man Zi; Move three seedlings and three dangers to change Xirong; Being stuck in Yushan in order to become a foreigner: Four deadly sins and the salty world.
Yao Li succeeded in seventy years, and when he was twenty years old, he put Shun in charge of the administration of the son of heaven and recommended him to heaven. Yao collapsed in the twenty-eighth year of his reign. People are sad, just like losing their parents. In the past three years, Sifang held music to think about Yao. Yao is not corrupt enough to grant the world, so he has the right to grant Shun. If granted smoothly, the world will benefit, and Danzhu disease will also occur. If Dani is awarded, the world will get sick and Dani will benefit. Yao said that "there will always be a person who will not suffer from the diseases of the world", and he was awarded the world. Yao collapsed, and after three years of mourning, Shun let Bi Danzhu be in the south of Nanhe River. The warlord's pilgrimage is smooth without it, the prisoner's lawsuit is smooth without it, and the eulogist eulogizes it smoothly without it. Shun said that "Heaven is heaven", and China, as her husband, practiced the position of emperor for the sake of Emperor Shun. "This shows that Yao is a saint.
writings in the vernacular
According to legend, in the Yao Dynasty, the calendar was formulated for the first time, which enabled the working people to engage in production activities on time and quarterly without delaying the farming season. The Han people have a long history of farming and attach great importance to farming time, so it is recorded in detail in the Book of History. Yao Dian said:
Yao Ming and He He made a calendar according to the movement of the sun, the moon and the stars, and then promulgated the world to make agricultural production follow, which is called "respecting the people";
Bai lived in Xungu, East China Sea, observed the sunrise, and took a day divided equally between day and night as the vernal equinox, and corrected it according to the position of the stars.
Uncle Percy lives in a place called Du Ming. He observes the movement of the sun from north to south, regards the longest day as the summer solstice, and corrects it with reference to the position of Mars.
Pai and Zhong lived in a place called the Valley of Ignorance in the west, observed the sunset, took the day divided equally between day and night as the autumnal equinox, and corrected it with reference to the position of the virtual star;
Pai and Shu lived in a place called Youdu in the north, observed the movement of the sun from south to north, took the shortest day as the winter solstice, and corrected it with reference to the position of the Pleiades.
Yao decided to take 366 days as a year, set a leap month every three years, and use the leap month to adjust the relationship between the calendar and the four seasons, so that the annual farming season is correct and there is no business trip.
It can be seen that the ancients regarded the era of Emperor Yao as an era of rapid progress in farming culture.
Yao's era is also a legendary flood period. "As soon as the soup is flooded, it will be cut. Hu Aishan Xiangling Mountain is crumbling and has a huge momentum." The water is huge, roaring, flooding the hills, rushing to Gorkon, endangering the world and making people uneasy.
Yao was worried about this and asked Siyue who could control the flood. April recommended guns. Yao thinks Gun is unreliable and often disobeys orders, which harms one's own interests and is not suitable for this important job. But in April, he insisted on giving Gun a try, saying that it was really impossible, and then he was dismissed.
So Yao appointed Gun to control the flood. I have been refining water for 9 years, and I have achieved nothing. This is a political mistake in Yao's legend, and there are still similar shortcomings. In a word, Yao's era was not perfect, so Shun made great efforts to govern it.
In all kinds of philosopher's books, there are legends about Emperor Yao's martial arts. Both the interlayer and the martial arts are perfect, so Yao is the ancient holy king.
"Lu Chunqiu Zhao Lei" said: "Yao fought in the fresh water pool to serve the barbarians." He once crusaded against gangs in the south and went into battle himself.
Huai Nan Zi Ben said: "In Yao, we went out together for ten days and eight days to burn crops and kill plants, but the people had nothing to eat. Anger, tooth digging, nine babies, strong winds, meditation and snake repair are all harmful to the people. " Yao sent a hand to kill those wild animals and shot them for nine days.
It is said that people are very grateful for Yao's behavior of killing pests for the people, so they acclaimed him as the son of heaven. It is a myth to shoot for nine days, but praising the significance of Yao's "promoting benefits and eliminating evils, cutting chaos and prohibiting violence" is really praising the good governance of the emperor Yao Anbang, not only his civilization, but also his martial arts.
Yao's legend is most praised by people, that is, he preached the sage instead of the son, that Zen was located in Shun, and that the position of the son of heaven was not private. After 70 years in office, Yao felt it necessary to choose a successor. He had long thought that his son Dani was fierce and stubborn, so he discussed with April and asked them to recommend candidates. April recommended Shun, saying that this person is very filial, and his family relationship is handled well, which can influence his family to mend their ways. Yao decided to make an investigation before making a decision.
Yao married his two daughters to Shun, and studied Shun's virtue from them to see if he could manage the housework well. Shun and He live by the Gui River and act according to etiquette. Both of them are very committed to Shun and abide by women's morality.
Yao also assigned Shun to carry out moral education, and Shun taught his subjects and guided their behavior with the five virtues of fatherly righteousness, motherly kindness, brotherhood, filial piety and filial piety. His subjects are willing to listen to his teachings and generally act according to the five virtues.
Yao also asked Shun to take charge of officials and handle government affairs. All officials obeyed Shun's command, and everything was revitalized and abandoned, which was particularly orderly and not chaotic.
Yao also ordered Shun to be at the fourth gate of Mingtang, responsible for receiving governors who came to see him from all directions. Shun got along well with the princes, which also made them harmonious and friendly. The prince and the guests from afar respected him very much.
Finally, Yao asked Shun to go to the forest at the foot of the mountain alone and stand the test of nature. In the storm, Shun was able to walk without losing his way, showing strong viability.
After three years of various investigations, Yao felt that Shun was mature and reliable, and he could make achievements no matter what he said or did, so he decided to cede the throne to Shun. On the first day of the first month, a meditation ceremony was held in the ancestral hall, officially letting Shun take over from himself and ascend to the position of the son of heaven. Twenty-eight years later, Yao died. "People are sad, just like losing their parents. For three years, the quartet held music and thought Yao. " People deeply miss him.
Confucianism and Mohism were the most influential schools in the pre-Qin period, which were called "outstanding schools", and both of them were called Yao and Shun. Since then, Yao has become an ancient holy king, which is not only an ideal personality in ethics, but also a model monarch who manages the country and the world. Confucius said, "Dayao is king! Awesome! Only heaven is human, and only Yao is just. Wandering around, people are in trouble. This is a success, this is an article! " Confucius' admiration for Yao became more and more important in China's cultural tradition, and it was also deeply rooted in people's hearts. Later, Confucianism was marked by "ancestor Yao and Shun, civil and military charter"; In the Tang Dynasty, Han Yu even advocated Neo-Confucianism in the Song and Ming Dynasties, and Yao Sui became the spiritual ancestor of Confucianism. Throughout the feudal era, no one doubted Yao's existence and historical achievements.
In the 1920s, under the impetus of the May 4th Movement, the ancient skepticism school appeared. Gu Jiegang, its giant, thought that Yao Dian in Shangshu was unreliable, and it appeared in the Warring States Period. Therefore, Yao Shun is the earliest recorded in The Analects. It can be inferred that the story of Yao and Shun appeared in the late Eastern Zhou Dynasty, and the relationship between Yao and Shun and Yu and their abdication deeds were gradually fabricated and perfected.
In the early Spring and Autumn Period, the oldest known king was Yu, not Yao and Shun. Therefore, Yao, as Qian said, must be "Mr. Wu" who is "unfair in everything" and is not a historical figure at all.
With the rise of Marxist historiography, this paper studies Yao's legend by using historical materialism and the general law of social development, and points out that Yao lived in a period of transition from primitive society to slavery society, when the blood tribe had formed a tribal alliance, and Yao was the leader of the alliance elected by the tribal alliance Council. Legend has it that Yao and April discussed the successor of water control, which reflected the situation of tribal alliance parliament to some extent; Yaoshan, located in Shun, is a relic of primitive democratic style. Engels once pointed out that at this stage, every cultural nation has to experience its own heroic era. Yao, Shun and Yu are heroes of the Chinese nation.