The division of style, elegance and fu is based on the difference of music. The Wind consists of 15 parts, most of which are folk songs of the Yellow River valley, and it is called the Wind of Fifteen Countries, with a total of 160 articles.
Elegance is divided into Xiaoya (3 1) and Elegance (74), which are court music songs, totaling 105.
Odes, including Zhou Song (3 1), Truffle (4) and Ode to Shang Dynasty (5), are music songs and dances used in ancestral temples, with a total of 40 pieces.
"Wind" means tone. It is relative to "Wang Ji", an area directly ruled by the Zhou Dynasty. It is music with local color. The ancients called it "Shaanxi Opera", "Feng Wei" and "Zheng Opera", just like Shaanxi Opera, Shaanxi Opera and Henan Opera we are talking about now.
Guo Feng Guo Feng Guo Feng Gao Guofeng Yan Feng Guo Feng Feng Feng
National Wind Wei Feng National Wind tang style National Wind Qifeng National Wind Qin National Wind Morning Wind Qifeng Fufeng.
Elegance is the joy of "Wang Ji" and is called "Xia" by Zhou people in this area. "Ya" and "Xia" were commonly used in ancient times. Elegance also means "positive". At that time, Ji Wang's music was regarded as a positive tone-a model music. People in the Zhou Dynasty called Zheng Yayue, just as people in the Qing Dynasty called Kunqu Opera Ya Bu, with the meaning of honorific title. Zhu's Biography of Poetry says: "Elegance is righteousness, and singers are joy. The size of his articles is different, but the pros and cons of Confucian scholars are different. Today's test is the joy of Xiaoya and Yan Yan; It is elegance, the joy of attending the meeting, and the words of discipline. ..... different words and different syllables. Therefore, the difference between size and elegance lies in its content.
"Ode" is music specially used for offering sacrifices to ancestral temples. "Preface to Mao Poetry" said: "The description of the beauty and virtue of the eulogists tells the gods of their merits. "This is the meaning and use of ode. Wang Guowei said: "Praise is slower than elegance. "This is the characteristic of his music.
According to Zhu's Biography of Poetry, "Fu" means "Fu, Fu, Fu, Fu, Fu, Fu, Fu, Fu, Zhu". In other words, Fu is straightforward in narration. Is the most basic expression. Such as "life and death are generous, Zicheng said. Holding your hand and growing old with your son "means expressing your feelings directly."
Zhu's interpretation of "comparison" is "comparing one thing with another", which is metaphor. Metaphors are used in many places and in various ways in The Book of Songs. For example, Dream uses the change of mulberry trees from lush to withered to compare the rise and fall of love; "heming" uses the metaphor that "stones from other mountains can attack jade" to govern the country with sages; In Shuo Ren, the metaphor of beauty's hand, beauty's skin, beauty's teeth and so on are all good examples of using "Bi" in The Book of Songs.
"Fu" and "Bi" are the most basic means of expression in all poems, while "Xing" is the unique means in The Book of Songs and even China's poems. The original meaning of the word "Xing" is "Qi", so it is often called "Qi Xing". The word "xing" in The Book of Songs is interpreted by Zhu as "talking about other things first, so as to stimulate what is sung", that is, paving the way for what is sung by other things. It is often used at the beginning of a poem or a chapter. Sometimes when a sentence in a poem looks interesting, whether it is interesting can be judged by whether it is used at the beginning of a sentence or paragraph. For example, in Feng Wei's self-protection, "Mulberry leaves are flourishing before they fall" means prosperity. About the most primitive "xing" is just a beginning, which has nothing to do with the following, but shows drift and association for no reason. Just like Qin Feng's Morning Wind, it is difficult to find a meaningful connection between the "Morning Wind" at the beginning and the "Seeing a gentleman, worrying" at the back. Although in this case, it may be incomprehensible because of the time gap, this situation definitely exists. Even in modern folk songs, we can still see such "xing".
Besides, there are many meaningful uses of "Xing", such as metaphor, symbol and contrast. But it is precisely because "Xing" is originally produced by the drifting and association of ideas without reason, so even if it has a more real meaning, it is not so rigid, but subtle. For example, Guan Guan's novel begins with "Guan Guan's dove is in the river continent", which was originally used by the poet to lead to the following "My Fair Lady, Gentleman is Nice", but the harmony of Guan Guan can also be used to describe the courtship between men and women, or the harmonious love between men and women, but its metaphorical meaning is not clear. Another example is the poem "Peach Blossom", which begins with "Peach Blossom Blossom Blossom Blossom Blossom" and describes the beautiful atmosphere of peach blossom in spring. It can be said to be a realistic pen, but it can also be understood as a metaphor for the bride's beauty, and it can also be said to set off the warm atmosphere of the wedding. Because "Xing" is such an implicit and freely used technique, poets who like the implicit and euphemistic charm of poetry in later generations are particularly interested in it. Their own clever tricks and innovations are numerous, which constitute the special taste of China's classical poetry.
2. Guan Yu
Guan Heming's osprey, accompanied by the small continent of the river. A beautiful and virtuous woman is a good spouse of a gentleman.
Mix shepherd's purse and salvage it from left to right. A beautiful and virtuous woman wakes up to pursue her.
If you can't pursue it, the black nightclub misses her during the day. Miss Long, I can't sleep over and over again.
Mix shepherd's purse and choose from left to right. A beautiful and virtuous woman came to her with a couple and a couple.
Pull shepherd's purse from left to right. A beautiful and virtuous woman rings the bell to please her.
3. Pick the EU and the EU will stop.
I said I would go home, but it didn't come true by the end of the year.
No wife, no family, to fight Hyun-yun.
There is no time to rest, to fight Hyun-yun.
The pea seedlings have been picked again, and the wild peas are very tender.
Said he went home, and he was depressed.
Anxiety is burning, and hunger is unbearable.
The location of the garrison cannot be fixed, and it is impossible to take the letter home.
Bean sprouts are picked again, and the stems and leaves of wild peas are getting old.
He said that he went home and went home again in October.
But the king's errand is not finished yet, and I have no leisure to enjoy this quiet and good time.
Worried and guilty, I can't do it.
Bilviho, the flower of the paddock.
Horus, gentleman car.
The troop ship started, and four horses were tall and big.
How dare you settle down? 1 3rd of the month.
Riding four horses, four horses are tall and strong.
The generals sat in the car and the soldiers were under its protection.
Four horses were trained, with bows and shark sacs decorated with Gu Xiang.
If you don't quit that day, you will be trapped.
Recalling the original exploration, the wind in Yang Liuyi was blowing in the wind; Now back on the road, snowflakes are flying everywhere.
The road is muddy and difficult to walk, and people are thirsty and hungry.
The road is muddy, hungry and thirsty.
I am sad in my heart, I don't know that I am sad.
4. The music songs in The Book of Songs were originally used as part of various ceremonies to entertain and express views on social and political issues. But in the end, The Book of Songs has become a cultural textbook widely used in aristocratic education, and learning the Book of Songs has become a necessary cultural accomplishment for aristocratic people. On the one hand, this kind of education has the function of beautifying language, especially in diplomatic occasions, it is often necessary to quote poems from the Book of Songs to express meaning in twists and turns. This is called "Fu Shi Yan Zhi", and its specific situation is recorded in Zuo Zhuan. The Analects of Confucius recorded Confucius' words: "If you don't learn poetry, you have nothing to say." "Reciting 300 Poems, teaching them as politics, is unattainable; Let it be everywhere, but not exclusive. Even if there are many, do you still think? " It can be seen how important it is to learn the Book of Songs for the upper class and those who are ready to enter the upper class. On the other hand, the education of The Book of Songs also has political and moral significance. Interpretation of the Book of Rites quoted Confucius as saying that after "poetry teaching", people can be "gentle and sincere". The Analects of Confucius recorded the words of Confucius, saying that learning poetry can "serve the monarch from afar and the father from the monarch", that is, learning to serve the monarch and the elders. According to Confucius' opinion (which should also be the opinion of ordinary people in the upper class at that time), "there are 300 poems. In a word, it says: the thought is innocent. " This means that all the works in the Book of Songs (or at least on the whole) are in line with the moral principles recognized by the society at that time. Otherwise, it cannot be used for "education".
There are two points worth noting here: first, from what Confucius said, people's views on the Book of Songs at that time were quite broad. Many poems that condemn the dark rule and express the love between men and women can still be considered "innocent" as long as they do not exceed a certain limit, that is, legitimate emotional expression. Second, despite this, the Book of Songs is not a simple collection of poems after all. It is not only the cultural accumulation of the Zhou Dynasty, but also the object of daily chanting by the nobles. Therefore, although there are many folk songs in it, I'm afraid it can't contain the content that directly conflicts with the socially recognized political and moral principles.
All Confucian classics, including The Book of Songs, were burned in the Qin Dynasty. However, because the Book of Songs is easy to remember and familiar to scholars, it spread in the Han Dynasty. In the early Han Dynasty, there were four schools that taught the Book of Songs, namely Qi Zhiyuan's drums, Lu Pei, Yan and Zhao Zhimao's harmony, which were collectively called Qi Shi, Lu Shi and He (the first two were named after the country, while the last two were named after the family). The Confucian Classics of Qi, Lu and Han schools are officially recognized schools, and Mao's poems belong to the Confucian Classics of Ancient Chinese, which is a folk school. However, after the Eastern Han Dynasty, Mao's poems became increasingly prosperous and gained official recognition. The first three schools gradually declined, and in the Southern Song Dynasty, they were completely lost. The Book of Songs that we saw today is a biography of the Mao School.
5. The composition of the authors of The Book of Songs is very complicated, and their geographical sources are also very extensive. In addition to the music songs produced by music officials in the Zhou Dynasty and presented by officials and scholars, there are many folk songs that were originally circulated among the people. There are different opinions about how these folk songs came to the court. Some scholars in the Han Dynasty believed that the Zhou Dynasty sent special poets to collect folk songs and understand the advantages and disadvantages of politics and customs. There is another saying: these folk songs are collected by musicians all over the world. Musicians are officials and experts in charge of music. They compose poems as their profession and collect folk songs to enrich lyrics and tunes. The pleasure of princes is dedicated to the emperor, and these folk songs are gathered in the court. These statements all have some truth.