● According to the different purposes of the survey, it can be divided into status survey, comparative survey, related survey and forecast survey.
1. Current situation investigation
It refers to the investigation of the current situation of an education or a certain type of education object, with the purpose of understanding the general situation of education and exploring the basic characteristics of a phenomenon. Such as primary school students' reading interest survey, primary school students' consumption psychology survey and so on.
2. Comparative investigation
Its purpose is to compare the similarities and differences between different types of educational objects and different educational phenomena. For example, "Comparative Survey of Primary School Enrolment in Coastal Developed Areas and Remote Mountainous Areas" and "Comparative Survey of Aggressive Behaviors of Children of Different Sexes" aim to compare the same educational situation of two groups, regions or two periods.
3. Relevant investigation
It refers to the investigation and study of two or more characteristics of a group of objects, and the analysis and judgment of whether there is correlation between them, and its degree and nature. Including causality investigation. For example, "the correlation investigation between family environment and pupils' Chinese achievement", such as "the correlation investigation between pupils' Chinese reading ability and writing level".
4. Forecast survey
That is to say, by investigating a certain characteristic or phenomenon of the research object and developing and changing with time, the development trend of things is predicted. Such as "Investigation and Research on the Development of Primary School Students' Self-consciousness" and "Investigation on the Admission of Primary School Students in Hangzhou in 2003".
● According to the scope of the survey object, it can be divided into general survey, sampling survey, typical survey and case survey.
1. General inspection
That is, according to the needs of the research topic, all the research objects in a certain time, place and scope are investigated. The purpose is to obtain the relevant information of all the research objects involved in the project. The scope of the census can be the whole country, the whole city or the whole school. The survey results are universal and can be used as the basis for major decisions or educational planning. Such as the national census; In order to understand the popularization of nine-year compulsory education in a city, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive survey on the enrollment rate, student consolidation rate, graduation rate and non-illiteracy rate of all school-age children in the city 12 ~ 15 years old. Although the census has high accuracy, it consumes a lot of financial and material resources and the investigation cost is high because of its wide scope and many objects.
2. Sampling survey
That is, using scientific methods to extract a part of the survey population for investigation, aiming at inferring the overall situation through the obtained sample information. This is a widely used investigation method in the process of investigation and research. The reliability and effectiveness of sampling survey largely depend on the typicality, objectivity and representativeness of sampling samples. Investigators should have a comprehensive understanding of the characteristics of the crowd before sampling, and choose the appropriate sampling method according to the needs of the subjects. Compared with the general survey, sampling survey can save manpower, material resources, financial resources and time, and make the survey deeper and more specific. However, it is difficult for researchers to control the sample error and make the sample represent the population more accurately.
3. Typical survey
It is a method of purposefully and consciously selecting one or several representative and typical objects for in-depth and detailed investigation and research on the basis of concrete analysis of the investigated objects. Typical selection: the population can be classified first, and then the representative and typical individuals who meet the research task can be selected from each category; We can also choose several different models to investigate and study according to the research purpose. Typical investigation is conducive to in-depth and detailed research, but it is difficult to infer the overall characteristics.
According to the different investigation methods, it can be divided into questionnaire survey, interview survey and literature survey.
1. Questionnaire survey
It refers to an investigation method that designs a questionnaire according to a certain research purpose, collects information from the respondents in written form, and reveals the essence and law of a certain education through analysis. It includes not only the way of asking questions and asking respondents to answer in writing, but also the way of quantitative determination by test; It also includes the use of questionnaires and the registration of respondents. The questionnaire survey method is simple, time-saving and labor-saving, and the collected data is easier to sort out and count. However, it is difficult to guarantee the questionnaire recovery rate of 100%, and it is difficult to understand the problem in depth; It is not easy to distinguish or verify whether the respondents' answers are true or false.
2. Interview and investigation
It refers to an investigation method of selecting an object of investigation according to the purpose of the study, interviewing relevant issues of the study, understanding the situation and collecting information. Interviews can be conducted by individual interviews or symposiums; You can interview the research object directly, or you can get to know the research object indirectly through individuals related to the interview object. Interviews and surveys are conducive to a more detailed, accurate and true in-depth understanding of relevant details. The subjective guess or tendency of the investigator is easy to be mixed in the interview process, which is time-consuming and laborious.
3. Literature survey
This is a common method in investigation and study. It is an investigation method to indirectly understand the research object through the existing text, audio-visual and other materials. The contents of documents are very rich, including archives, documents, audio and video recordings, statistical yearbooks, statements and reports. In general, the literature survey method is not used alone, but as a supplementary method to cooperate with other methods.
In a word, there are various types of survey methods, and each type has its own advantages and limitations. In the process of research, researchers can choose appropriate investigation methods according to the needs of research, and can also use a variety of investigation methods comprehensively.