The power of habit is enormous. Once people form a habit, they will unconsciously run on this track. If it is a good habit, it will benefit for life; Instead, it will harm you for life without knowing it.
Expert research shows that 3- 12 years old is the key period for people to form good behavior. /kloc-after 0/2 years old, children gradually form many habits, and it is much more difficult for new habits to take root. Children must cultivate good study habits when they learn to study. Children with good and stable academic performance have developed good study habits since childhood; Children with bad grades often lack good study habits. It is a great turning point for children to enter primary school from kindergarten. Since then, they have entered a tense and happy study life. How to make children learn well and have a good start is a problem that cannot be sloppy. Some parents often only care about their children's knowledge and neglect the cultivation of good study habits. In fact, for the first-grade pupils, to some extent, the cultivation of habits is much more important than knowledge. Ye Shengtao, a famous educator in China, said long ago: "Education is the cultivation of habits." Because as far as human learning is concerned, it is not only intellectual activities, but also related to non-intellectual factors, such as curiosity, learning will, learning habits and so on. In fact, the intelligence factors of children entering school are similar, and the reason why there will be such a big difference later is the influence of those non-intelligence factors. If parents only pay attention to the mastery of knowledge at the beginning and neglect the cultivation of these non-intellectual factors, it will inevitably affect their children's further study and development in the future. As the saying goes, "A habit formed at the age of five is hard to change at the age of sixty." Although this statement is exaggerated, it is not unreasonable. So, how should parents cultivate their children to have good study habits?
1. What are study habits?
Before talking about how to cultivate, let me explain what study habits are. The so-called habit is a relatively stable behavior characteristic formed through repeated practice. As we usually say, wash your hands before meals. Whenever you want to eat, you will wash your hands without being reminded. Learning habit refers to an automatic learning tendency formed by students in order to achieve good learning results. For example, in learning mathematics, in order to make the calculation correct, a student will check it every time he finishes the calculation, instead of checking it again according to the learning requirements and not checking it if it is not needed. The latter's behavior cannot be said to be a study habit.
According to observation, we find that children's study habits are generally divided into three levels. The lowest level is unconscious behavior, which requires external coercion; The second level is more conscious behavior, which does not need external supervision, but also needs one's own will to work hard; The highest level is automatic behavior, which requires neither external supervision nor individual will, but a rigid habit of action (that is, what we usually call habit becomes nature). The study habits of primary school students generally need to go through these three levels. The first level is particularly important. Because primary school students, especially new school children, have a short time of intentional attention and poor self-control, learning has not yet become his conscious action, so strong external supervision is needed. This kind of supervision mainly comes from parents and teachers. At school, teachers give more praise to those children who take the initiative to learn, encourage those children whose awareness of learning has been enhanced, remind and hint those children who study passively, and even impose some small punishments to promote their participation in learning. Children have passed the difficult first level, and with the influence and encouragement of parents and teachers, they will easily jump to the second level, persistently strengthen training, and the third level will naturally form.
Second, what are your study habits? How to cultivate?
Students' study habits include:
(A), reading self-study habits
Reading is a major form of self-study. By reading textbooks, we can understand knowledge independently, grasp the essential connotation of concepts, analyze the relationship between knowledge and time, scrutinize and understand textbooks repeatedly, deepen knowledge and form abilities. The higher the learning level, the more important the significance of self-study. At present, in order to select students with learning potential, the college entrance examination in China requires higher self-study ability of candidates. So we should cultivate this ability from an early age. The specific requirements for junior students to read are: love reading extracurricular books, and finish reading an extracurricular book every two weeks on average; After reading the extracurricular books, you can roughly tell the main contents of the books and your own feelings; Can independently complete in-class reading training with high accuracy. Parents can guide their children in this way: after reading an article, let them simply repeat, perform or let them change the end of the article. Avoid children taking a cursory look.
Secondly, we should cooperate with the teacher to let the children do excerpts. Parents should prepare excerpts for their children and extract some good words and sentences after reading an article. To enrich vocabulary.
(2), preview, review habits
Parents should urge their children to preview and review. Let the children circle the words they don't understand and don't know in the preview, so that they can understand what we will learn tomorrow. Chinese subjects require children to learn Chinese characters and words by themselves, use reference books to help them understand the meaning of new words and make necessary written records. Be able to mark the text with natural paragraphs and read fluently; When reviewing, you should be able to review in an orderly way according to what you learned today, and you should be able to grasp the key core content and repeat it to your parents.
The knowledge in every chapter and section of our textbook is scattered and isolated. To form a knowledge system, there must be a unit summary. After learning each unit, parents can ask their children to talk about what they have learned according to the catalogue. If there is a problem, children should be allowed to expand the catalogue in the third and fourth grades. Parents all know that after middle school, subjects will increase a lot, and a large part of the content needs students to recite. At this time, children need to have the ability to read a thick book thin, and at the same time, they can read thick according to the thin book. If children don't have this kind of consciousness now, they will find it very hard to study in the future.
(3), the habit of observation and thinking
Observation of objective things is the most basic way to acquire knowledge and the basic link to understand objective things. The word "observation" has two meanings. "observation" means looking and "investigation" means thinking. After reading it, it is not a real observation, and the understanding of objective things is meaningless. We should organically combine observation with thinking. For junior students, they should be able to understand the illustrations in the book and several pictures in speech and writing, and understand the internal relationship between several pictures. We should be able to observe objects and models in sequence and see the external characteristics of things. Can write a simple observation diary. Be able to observe the things around you and tell the subtle changes of things.
(4), the habit of learning and thinking
The study book says that "learning alone without friends is ignorant", and it is very important for students to learn and exchange ideas. When encountering problems, we should help each other learn and discuss. It is also very important for parents and children to study together in the family, instead of simply thinking by themselves or asking the teacher tomorrow, you can say to the children in a consulting tone: Think again, what do you think is difficult, and tell your thoughts. I also want to add my own thoughts. If I understand this question in this way, I think so. I disagree with you on this issue. Ask the teacher tomorrow to see how to understand. Let the child feel that you are communicating with him on an equal footing, so that the child will not be rebellious and will be very willing to communicate with you. Nowadays, some parents often complain that their children want to ask for help as soon as they encounter difficulties, but they refuse or don't know what to think. As we all know, parents themselves don't give their children room to think, and they are impatient with this phenomenon, so they don't simply do it, and they don't stand at the age of their children, making them feel useless. After a long time, children are afraid to tell you when they have difficulties, and there will be less communication with you slowly. Therefore, some parents wait for their children to reach high school.
(5) The habit of reflection after practice
In the process of reading and learning, every student has to do a lot of exercises, but the problem is not very successful. What is important is to extend, expand and deepen knowledge. Therefore, reflection is an important link after solving the problem. Generally speaking, after practicing, we should reflect from five levels: 1, how to do it? Methods to solve problems; 2. Why did you do it? The principle you want to solve the problem; 3. Why did you think of this method? Think and solve problems; 4. Is there any other way? Which method is better? Think of various ways to cultivate different thinking; 5. Can you change it to another exercise? Thinking about a topic is changeable, which promotes the divergence of thinking. Of course, if there is a wrong solution, we must reflect: what is the root of the wrong solution? What should I pay attention to when answering similar questions? How to overcome common mistakes? "Learn from mistakes" and constantly improve yourself. Some parents will say that these junior children can't do it at all. Yes, the key to lower grades is to make children have this awareness, which requires the guidance of teachers and parents. In class, our teachers often cultivate children's divergent thinking and reflective ability according to these ideas. But for the classroom, the teacher has to face so many children that it is impossible for every child to talk. If parents can carry out intensive training at home, it will certainly promote children to develop this good habit faster.
6) The habit of focusing on time and efficiency.
Many children "grind" their studies, read books and do their homework, are absent-minded, spend more time and have poor benefits. The reason is that there is no habit of focusing on time and efficiency.
Because children are different in age and personality, the length of time they can concentrate on their brains at a time is also different. We should make demands from reality. For example, children in the first and second grades of primary school study for about 20 minutes at a time, and then gradually extend it. At the beginning, children often can't grasp the time. Parents should guide him to learn when he should learn and play when he should play. You can teach your child to set an alarm clock and work and rest at the set time. The most important thing is to teach children to ask for the quantity and quality of learning content. Once they sit at their desks, they will enter a state of moderate-intensity study. After each study, we should evaluate how we have done, and parents should encourage us in time. Stick to it, and you can form the habit of special time. Some parents just want to study, hoping that their children can always sit at their desks and read their homework, and have no time to rest and relax. This will easily lead to problems of delay and inefficiency.
(7) The habit of self-study and understanding.
Learning, the most taboo is a little knowledge, a little taste. If you want to study well, you must form the habit of self-study and understanding. How to cultivate this habit?
Method 1: Encourage children to get to the bottom of it. In daily life, children always ask questions about many things, which is a manifestation of curiosity and thirst for knowledge, indicating that children love to use their brains. Parents must not treat their children with a bad mouth and an indifferent attitude. It's best to figure things out with the children. Ask others if you can solve it yourself, and look at the information if you can't solve it.
Method 2: Instruct children to ask themselves more "why" in the learning process. Because of many learning tasks, children are often satisfied with what knowledge is and rarely ask a few "why". Parents may wish to teach their children to ask themselves one or two "why" questions after studying every day, think with their brains and come up with reasonable answers.
Method 3: Children test their parents and parents test their children. Arrange a time for the whole family to sit down and test a certain aspect of problem children with their parents. The content should be decided in advance, and everyone should be prepared. Whoever asks a question must have an accurate answer.
Method 4: Encourage children to solve more than one problem. Teachers often leave homework with more than one answer and one solution. After the children finish their homework, they only write one kind. Parents can guide their children to think about whether there are other answers and other methods. Time permits, you can write it on another piece of paper or notebook.
(eight) the habit of consulting reference books and materials.
Reference books and materials are teachers who can't talk. In learning, using reference books and materials has many advantages. Except general dictionaries and dictionaries, all subjects have special reference books. Parents should guide their children to use reference books more. Parents should set an example for their children. When you meet a new word, ask the teacher who can't speak it. You can also look up dictionaries and dictionary competitions with your children.
Conditional families can take their children to buy some reference books (including informative ones) and put them on the shelves for regular reference. When buying subject reference books, you should listen to the teacher's opinions more. The habit of this aspect will benefit you for life.
(9) the habit of being good at consulting.
Being good at consulting is a good habit. The premise of being good at consulting is to be good at thinking and asking questions. Parents should guide their children to record the problems encountered in their studies at any time so as to consult teachers and classmates. The questions you ask others should be solved by your own efforts. When asking questions, always talk about quality. You can solve it with an open book, and you'd better solve it yourself. Some difficult questions, if you have tentative answers, will gain more if you ask them with answers.
Study, study, not only to learn, but also to ask. Some children are afraid to ask questions in class and after class. For such a child, encourage him to break through for the first time, and then dare to ask questions after several times. There are many good habits that should be cultivated, such as the habit of writing, the habit of listening carefully in class, the habit of asking questions and thinking hard if you don't understand, and so on. There are also some trivial habits for adults, but important habits for children, such as cherishing school supplies such as books, paper and pens, and sorting out books and stationery after finishing homework. Parents should pay attention to the guidance and training of their children.
Third, several problems should be paid attention to in cultivating students' good study habits
Several problems to pay attention to:
⑴ Start with "compulsion", be strict with requirements, patiently explain, carefully observe and correct at any time.
(2) to specific guidance. Correct the bad habits in learning bit by bit and give full play to the advantages of imitation. Do parents want to accompany their children when they are doing their homework? Parents should accompany children in grade one or two. But instead of watching him do his homework, you are doing your own thing, observing, urging and correcting. A mother found that every time a child did his homework, he always left his place to drink water and go to the toilet. One day, his mother said to his children, "If you can stand up five times when you do your homework today, it will be a great progress." If the child does stand five times when doing homework, slowly, the mother asks the child to reduce the number of times he stands, and finally the child completely gets rid of this bad habit.
(3) We should make the best use of the situation. When children's conscious learning behavior is found, they should be encouraged to consolidate in time and gradually form habits.
(4) Constantly put forward new requirements. Diligent in inspection, supervision, timely encouragement and requirements. In order to cultivate children's good study habits, a mother hung a board on the wall for her children. Seeing that the child had bad study habits, she nailed a thumbtack on the board. At first, the thumbtacks rose rapidly, and then gradually decreased. Later, she basically stopped pressing it. Mother took the reward of pulling out a thumbtack every day without bad study habits, so the board recovered to its original appearance after a period of time. This example tells us that we should let children see the results of their actions and give them the direction and motivation to work hard.
5] Create learning conditions. Let children study at their desks and create a quiet learning environment for them. In order to let children develop good study habits, it is very important to guide children and play the role of role models, especially parents. Studying hard, being meticulous and concentrating on work are important conditions for parents.
There are many good study habits. For a primary school student, at least the following five study habits should be developed:
First, form the habit of paying attention to regular study. Learning is a hard mental work, and only by concentrating on it can we improve our learning efficiency and get good grades. In order to let children develop the study habit of concentration, parents must take their children's study seriously. After children go to school, parents with conditions should prepare a desk for their children, or a special place equivalent to a desk, which is suitable for children to study. Never let the children cope in bed today and make do in the chair tomorrow. We should also arrange some time for our children to review their lessons. Pupils finish school early, so they can play outside for a while after school, and then go home and start studying. It's best not to put it off until evening. At this time of day, the whole family should be quiet, don't talk loudly, chat or shoot the breeze, and turn down the sound when watching TV to create a quiet environment for children. Don't do things that distract children during this time, such as repairing electrical appliances, agricultural machinery, playing poker, chess and mahjong, so as not to arouse children's curiosity and distract them. Don't ask your child about school for a while, criticize the child's schoolbag for being too dirty, put the stationery untidy, and pour the child a glass of water for a while. It is best to sit down and do some silent work. It would be better if parents could also sit next to their children and read books and newspapers at this time. In this way, in addition to giving children a good learning environment, they can also set an example for children who love learning. According to the above, children will regard learning as a necessary procedure in life. Every time they study, they will take the initiative to sit down and do their homework. There is no need to remind, advise or scold. They will naturally form the good habit of timing and concentration.
It is necessary to cultivate children to concentrate on their studies, but also to cultivate children's good habits of being nervous, agile and never slacking off. Do things seriously and be happy when they are finished. Let children know that doing homework while playing can't reduce homework, let alone play, and they won't have fun if they haven't finished their homework. Only when you finish your homework carefully as soon as possible can you have fun and spend more time. This should be told to children and restrained in action. It is stipulated that you can't play until you finish your homework. Stick to it. The transfer of nervous and serious habits to study means concentration, while lazy and perfunctory children can't not only do things well, but also learn well.
Second, get into the habit of finishing your homework independently on time. To be a good student, you must have a sense of learning responsibility, and completing the learning task independently on time is the concrete embodiment of learning responsibility. When it's time to study, a good student should drop everything, study actively, and never let others take the place of his homework. However, because the children have just entered school, their self-control is poor, and they have not yet formed a habit. It is difficult to do it for a while, and parents need supervision and guidance. No matter what reasons and excuses the child puts forward, the homework of the day must be completed on the same day, and it is never allowed to be put off until the next day. If a child encounters difficulties in his homework, his parents can only explain and enlighten him, encourage him to overcome difficulties and find answers by himself, and never replace him. Because children need to master knowledge, develop intelligence and cultivate perseverance spirit that is not afraid of difficulties, only through independent thinking and independent work can they do it.
Third, get into the habit of writing in the right posture. Words are the facade of people. Practicing good handwriting as a child will benefit people for life. Nowadays, many adults and even college students with high education can't write well, which makes people feel that it is out of proportion to his status. Mainly because I didn't receive strict training when I first learned to write in primary school, I didn't hold the pen correctly, and I also developed a bad habit of doodling, which is hard to change if I want to. Therefore, we should learn a lesson. When the child just learns to write, we should help the teacher teach him seriously and remind him at any time: "Is the posture of holding the pen right?" "Is your head straight?" "Sit up straight?" "Is the distance between the eyes and the exercise book enough for one foot?" When you start practicing writing, don't ask your child to write a lot of words at once, don't ask for speed, and don't urge your child: "Write quickly, you can't sleep until you finish writing!" " In the initial stage of practicing writing, it is mainly to emphasize correctness, so that children can hold their horses and calm down and write. We would rather write slowly and less, but also write well.
Fourth, develop the habit of reviewing after class and previewing before class. First of all, review is to prevent forgetting and consolidate what you have learned. Secondly, we can deepen our understanding through review, so as to "review the past and learn the new". In addition, through systematic review, knowledge can be systematized, and the knowledge learned successively can be connected in series to form a knowledge system. To guide children to review, we must grasp these three aspects, guide children to master the correct review methods and form good review habits.
Fifth, develop the habit of extensive reading. When children have a certain reading ability, they should read extracurricular books extensively. Children can't be interested in knowledge without reading popular science books, literary works, historical stories and children's newspapers. If a child has not read any books except textbooks, his study will get worse and worse, and he will eventually become an underachiever. Suhomlinski, an educator in the former Soviet Union, said: "The way to make children smart is not to make up lessons or increase homework, but to read and reread." Learning needs a broad foundation. The more books children read, the wider their knowledge, the clearer their thinking and the more active their wisdom, and the easier it is to learn new knowledge. Therefore, parents should try their best to buy some extra-curricular books for their children, guide them to read carefully, and develop the habit of extensive reading, which will be a lifelong treasure.
In short, to cultivate good study habits, the most important thing is to be strict and systematic, and no exceptions are allowed. Occasionally, a child didn't study hard, just copied other people's homework for special reasons, and when he was tired of writing, he curled up temporarily. In order to watch a good TV play, he didn't review and preview in time. This is often the beginning of bad study habits, and parents should never take it for granted. Similarly, we should not turn a blind eye to the signs of children's good study habits. We should praise them in time and encourage them to stick to it and form a habit.