College students are in the late adolescence, and their sexual physiology is fully developed but their sexual psychology is not yet mature. Their sexual concept is becoming more and more open, the first sexual intercourse time is advanced, and the incidence of sexual behavior is increasing. However, college students' safety knowledge has not increased, and the incidence of unintended pregnancy has greatly increased, which has brought adverse consequences to college students' physical and mental development. Due to the influence of traditional culture, the sex education of college students in China is not perfect, and the assistance after unplanned pregnancy is not enough, so we must attach great importance to the sex education of college students. In order to understand college students' understanding and behavior of premarital sex, to explore the role of medical education in sex education, and to provide reference for formulating sex education methods in line with college students' actual situation, this survey is conducted.
The research object and method of 1
1. 1 research object
There are 2026 undergraduates in 8 universities in Beijing, including 559 Chinese medicine majors, accounting for 27.6%; Students from other majors 1467, accounting for 72.4%. Male accounted for 53.9%, female 46.1%; The average age is 20.3 years old, ranging from 17 to 25 years old. After 2- test and t-test, there is no significant difference in gender and age composition between medical students and non-medical students.
1.2 research methods
Two medical colleges and six non-medical colleges were randomly selected by multi-stage cluster sampling, and all undergraduates from 1 college were randomly selected from each college as the survey objects. Questionnaires were used, and the survey tool was a self-filled questionnaire for college students' sex-related questions, which was distributed and collected by trained investigators. In order to ensure the data quality, under the premise of voluntary participation, respondents answered independently and anonymously in the environment where others avoided. EpiData3. 1 software is used for data double entry, and SPSS 19.0 software is used for data analysis. 2 test and nonparametric test were used to analyze the similarities and differences between medical students and non-medical students.
Two results
2. 1 Cognition of safe sex
Safe sex in this study mainly refers to contraceptive measures for premarital sex. 85.4% of the respondents thought that contraceptive measures should be taken in premarital sex, and the proportion of medical students was 92.2%, which was higher than that of non-medical students (82.9%), with statistical significance (P0.00 1).
2. 1. 1 Among the conventional contraceptive measures, 90. 1% had the highest awareness rate of contraceptive names, followed by condoms (87.8%). The awareness rate of condom use is the highest, reaching 45.8%, followed by contraceptives (35.2%). The awareness rate of medical students about the names and usage methods of various conventional contraceptive methods is higher than that of non-medical students. There are statistical differences between the two groups in the names and usage of condoms, birth control pills and intrauterine devices, and the awareness rate of safe period contraception, in vitro sperm discharge, vaginal septum, subcutaneous implantation and contraceptive needles. 40.7% of the respondents did not know how to use any contraceptive measures, and there was no significant difference between medical students and non-medical students.
2. 1.2 The awareness rate of emergency contraception was low. Except levonorgestrel, the awareness rate of other methods is very low The awareness rate of vaginal irrigation was 14.4%, and that of mifepristone was 1 1.5%. Among them, non-medical students were 58.8%, 13.3% and 8.9% respectively, and medical students were 62.3%, 17.4% and 18.4% respectively. All forensic students are higher than non-medical students. After two tests, the difference between vaginal irrigation and mifepristone was statistically significant. 32.7% of college students don't know any emergency contraceptive methods, and the proportion of non-medical students (34.4%) is higher than that of medical students (28.4%), which is statistically significant (P=0.0 12).
2. 1.3 More than half of college students can correctly answer the corresponding contraceptive knowledge. The correct rate of medical students is higher than that of non-medical students, and the difference of each question is statistically significant.
2.2 the status quo of premarital sex
2.2. 1 The average age of first sexual intercourse is 18. 1%, including 19.4% for non-medical students and 14.7% for medical students. The difference between them was statistically significant (P=0.0 13). The average age of first sexual intercourse is (18.850.22) years, and there is basically no difference in the average age of first sexual intercourse among college students of different sexes and majors.
2.2.2 The status quo of self-reported premarital sexual behavior Among the college students who self-reported premarital sexual behavior, 47.7% have accumulated two or more sexual partners; 17.7% had sex more than 5 times a month; 30.3% people occasionally use contraception and never use it during sexual intercourse. 18.3% of the respondents admitted that they or their sexual partners were pregnant unexpectedly. There was no significant difference between medical students and non-medical students in the rate of unintended pregnancy, the number of sexual partners, the frequency of sexual behavior and contraceptive measures (P0.05).
2.3 University Sex Education This study investigated the situation of university sex education. Only 45. 1% of college students have had sex education, among which 56.0% of medical students have had sex education in their universities, while only 40.9% of non-medical students have had sex education, which is statistically significant (P0.05). 42.3% of the students received sex education in college, among which 64.0% were students majoring in traditional Chinese medicine, while only 33.9% were non-medical students, the difference was statistically significant (P0.0 1). 83.7% of college students think that universities should carry out sex education. 64.9% of college students are willing to participate in sex education, and medical students (73.7%) are higher than non-medical students (6 1.6%), and the difference is statistically significant (P0.0 1). Among the students who are willing to participate in sex education, more than half hope to participate in sex education in the form of lectures, distribution of publicity materials and courses, 42.5% hope to set up consulting institutions, and 40.8% hope to receive sex education through online publicity.
3 discussion
3. 1 College students' knowledge and ability of safe sex need to be strengthened.
In terms of safe sex, college students have a high awareness rate of the names of conventional contraceptive measures, but a low awareness rate of the use of contraceptive measures. Even 40.7% of the respondents don't know how to use any contraceptive measures, which shows that today's college students' mastery of contraceptive methods is not optimistic and deserves attention. Among the emergency contraceptive methods, only levonorgestrel has a high awareness rate, which may be related to advertising. There are 32.7% college students who don't know any emergency contraception methods, which is quite different from similar surveys abroad, which may be one of the reasons for the high incidence of unintended pregnancy. College students generally believe that contraceptive measures should be taken in premarital sex, but only about 50% of them have correct contraceptive knowledge. College students' willingness to have safe sex does not match their knowledge, and the lack of contraceptive knowledge restricts their ability to have safe sex.
3.2 College students' concept of premarital sex is open, and contraceptive measures are insufficient.
The self-reported rate of premarital sexual behavior of the respondents is 18. 1%, which is at a medium level compared with other domestic research reports, which may be related to the age of the respondents. The average age of first sexual intercourse was 18.85 years old, which was earlier than previous studies. Nearly half of college students have two or more sexual partners, while the proportion of two or more sexual partners in previous studies is only 22.56%, which shows that college students' sexual behavior has become more and more open. Among the college students who have had sex, only 1. 1% don't know the name of any contraceptive measures, and only 27.8% don't use any contraceptive measures, which is far lower than the overall survey. It can be seen that the awareness rate of contraceptive knowledge among college students who have had sex is higher than that of the overall survey. However, among the college students who have had sex, 30.3% of them hardly take contraceptive measures during sexual life, and 18.3% of them have had unexpected pregnancies themselves or their sexual partners. It can be seen that college students' mastery of contraceptive knowledge has not effectively affected their sexual behavior. The reasons may include unexpected sexual relations, avoiding making the other party feel that they have rich sexual experience, and further enhancing their relationship through pregnancy.
3.3 Medical education is beneficial for college students to master sexual knowledge.
Medical students' contraceptive knowledge is higher than that of non-medical students, which shows that medical education can promote college students' knowledge of safe sex. The incidence of non-medical sexual behavior is significantly higher than that of medical students, which may be related to the great academic pressure and less spare time of medical students. However, among the students who have had sex, there is little difference between medical students and non-medical students in taking contraceptive measures during sex, and there is no obvious difference in the frequency of sexual behavior and the number of sexual partners, which shows that medical education has no influence on the occurrence and safety of college students' sexual behavior. It can be inferred that medical education can promote students' sexual knowledge, but it can't promote students to adopt safer sexual behavior. How to promote the change of students' sexual behavior is the focus of further research.
3.4 The development of sex education in universities still needs to be strengthened.
More than three-quarters of college students think that universities should carry out sex education, which can also reflect the higher acceptance and demand of sex education among college students. However, less than half of college students have had this kind of sex education or come into contact with it themselves, which shows that the sex education carried out in colleges and universities at present can not meet the needs of college students for sex education. Colleges and universities should face up to this demand, and how to further develop sex education is worth thinking about. It is difficult to acquire knowledge about sexual safety, which is a prominent type of adolescent sexual problems in China. Parents and teachers play an important role in the growth of teenagers, but parents generally try to avoid talking about sex with their children and give priority to teaching adolescent physiological knowledge; School sex education deliberately pursues abstinence and neglects sex safety education for a long time, so that teenagers are dissatisfied with school sex education and acquire knowledge through other channels. College is an important stage of adolescence. At this stage, individuals are physically capable of having sex, but their sexual psychology is not yet mature and they have a strong psychological demand for sex. On the one hand, sex education in universities is conducive to shaping students' healthy sexual concepts and knowledge in this critical period of personality psychological development. At the same time, taking school resources as a platform is also an effective means to improve the intervention effect and reduce the cost. The school understands the needs of college students for sex education through investigation, and provides knowledge, methods and consulting services to college students through courses, lectures and online publicity, so as to improve their sexual knowledge and behavior.
Text/Cui
From China Journal of Sexology.