Modern preschool education in China is divided into four stages, each with its own characteristics and different backgrounds. The detailed explanation is as follows:

First, explain modern preschool education:

The early childhood education in China is a reflection of the modern society, politics and economy in China from the Opium War to 1949, and it came into being and developed with the development of modern politics and economy in China.

Secondly, it introduces the historical background of the four stages of preschool education:

1, the emergence and implementation of early childhood education institutions in the late Qing Dynasty. The seeds of capitalism in China began to appear in the Ming Dynasty in the17th century, but the corruption of the Qing government hindered the development of capitalism. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, China society was still a feudal autocratic system, with centralized politics, small-scale peasant economy as the mainstay, weak feudal forces and a closed door policy.

At this time, however, there was an industrial revolution in the west, which actively expanded to the outside world and demanded that China open its market to them. Modern preschool education advocates

Under the above circumstances, Kang Youwei, a modern thinker and representative of bourgeois reformists in China, put forward the idea of early childhood education on the basis of criticizing and opposing the darkness of the old feudal family and its bad influence on children. He advocated the abolition of the death penalty.

Family, remove the shackles of feudal ethics and establish an ideal society without class, oppression, common property and equality between men and women. In this society, mothers receive prenatal education training in people's hospitals established by the state from the beginning of pregnancy, and babies receive education in nurseries and baby-friendly homes after birth. Children are publicly educated by the state, and enter primary school after reaching the age of 6, and then go to middle school and university. China early childhood education institution is a social education institution for early childhood in China with the promulgation of Guimao Academic System.

The Charter of Quding School puts forward the Charter of Quding Nursery and the Charter of Family Education Law, which brings preschool education into the academic system for the first time. With the establishment of the new academic system, the earliest preschool education institution in China was born. The purpose, object, content and nursing teaching methods of nurseries are stipulated in the Articles of Association of Nurseries and the Articles of Association of Family Education Law. Nursery teachers are called nannies, and they are trained by nurses from Jingjietang, Ying Ying Hall and German Women. These nannies trained according to the official and female textbooks are models and propagandists of "three obedience and four virtues" and can't really play a role in educating children. It still has epoch-making significance.

2. Early childhood education in the Republic of China19110/0. In October, the bourgeois revolution led by Sun Yat-sen overthrew the rule of the Qing Dynasty and established the Republic of China1912/kloc-. During this period, although China was still semi-colonial and semi-feudal, early childhood education made a certain degree of development. Reform and improvement of preschool education,1912 65438+10 On 9 October, the provisional government established the Ministry of Education and carried out some important reforms. Among them, the promulgation of Prince Gui's Academic System is directly related to preschool education, and the Mongolian nursing home was renamed as Mongolian Nursing Garden, which belongs to the educational institution in the academic system, but it did not become the first level of the academic system independently regardless of the number of years. 1922 In September, the Beiyang warlord government adopted the "new academic system" (Ren Xu academic system), renamed Mengyang Garden as a kindergarten, incorporated the kindergarten into the academic system, and strengthened its position, and emphasized that the kindergarten enrolled children under 6 years old. Early childhood education in the Republic of China

1932, the Ministry of Education of the Republic of China promulgated the Kindergarten Curriculum Standards, which clearly defined the general goal, educational content and educational methods of kindergarten education, making the kindergarten curriculum more perfect. With the establishment of the kindergarten system in the Republic of China, the quality of preschool education in China has been improved to a certain extent, and the number and enrollment rate of children have also made great progress.

3. Imperialist preschool education activities in China. The education of imperialist enslavement is an important part of modern education in China. Although running schools in China by imperialist countries is a part of cultural aggression, there are mainly ways to carry out naive education in China: ① setting up nurseries and orphanages. These social relief agencies in the name of "humanity" mainly took in orphans and poor children abandoned by society at that time and let them receive religious edification. But in fact, children are not educated, or even get the minimum food and clothing, and sometimes they are punished by corporal punishment. ② Set up a kindergarten. 19 from the 1980s to the 20s, the number of kindergartens run by foreign churches in China far exceeded the number of kindergartens run by China people themselves. These kindergartens carry out westernization education with strong religious color, with the aim of "building the foundation of a democratic country". (3) Set up naive teachers. After the emergence of the new academic system in China, in view of the importance of teacher training in China at that time, the Anglo-American churches began to set up preschool normal schools in various parts of China. For example, foreigners first set up kindergarten teachers' schools in myth in 1899, and trained kindergarten teachers in China. Later, in 19 16, foreign churches set up Hongdao Girls' Kindergarten School in Hangzhou and Jinghai Girls' Kindergarten School in Suzhou, and so on.

4. Early childhood education in the Liberated Areas: from the failure of 1927 Great Revolution to the establishment of 1949 People's Republic of China (PRC), the public education for early childhood was implemented under the leadership of China. It is an important part of China's new democratic education, which lays the foundation for the preschool education in new China. Establishment and development of institutions 1934, the Central People's Committee of the Soviet Union promulgated the Regulations on the Organization of Nurseries and Kindergartens, which stipulated that children should be sent to nurseries from birth to five years old. The regulations also stipulate specific measures such as the purpose of holding a nursery, the conditions for entering a nursery, the selection and establishment of teaching staff, the environment, equipment, work and rest system, and diet. 1938 after the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, China * * * and the border region government established the first nursery in Yan' an, and successively established a number of nurseries and kindergartens.