In the Tang Dynasty, Wu Zetian set up a martial arts system, including long stack, horse shooting, step shooting, flat shooting, barrel shooting, carbine shooting, customs clearance, load-bearing and body-building. Due to the establishment of Wushu system, the content of school education has also changed accordingly. In order to adapt to the selection of Wushu, schools must strengthen the training of students' examination items. Most of these projects are directly related to the use of weapons, others are not directly related, and indirectly provide conditions for the use of weapons. For example, going through customs and carrying loads are all tests of strength. As mentioned earlier, the strength is closely related to the strength of weapons.
In the Song Dynasty, in addition to continuing the activities of learning martial arts and strengthening the body among the people, it was important to expand the martial arts system and boy boxing. During the reign of Renzong, "Wu" was once closed, but in Song Shenzong, under the impetus of "Wang Anshi's political reform", "Wu" was rebuilt. Wushu is a special military school. "Selected History of Song Dynasty" contains: "In the fifth year of God JaeHee Ning, the parliament asked to build a martial arts school in Chengsi, Wu Wang ... the number of students 100, and those who knew the soldiers were selected as professors from the civil and military officials. Ambassadors don't listen to lectures, but the door is shadowed, and the grass people call Beijing officials to protect their posts. Talents bow and listen to the introduction and learn the art of war. " This is the central martial arts.
And regardless of birth and class, you can take the exam, and those who pass the exam will enter school for three years. The learning content of Wushu students is divided into two parts: military theory and military technology. The theoretical part mainly studies the military laws of each family and teaches the success or failure of using troops in previous dynasties; The technical part is mainly horse shooting, step shooting and martial arts. In addition to military theory, martial arts in Song Dynasty mainly focused on horse riding, archery, Touma, archery and equipment training, as well as the corresponding physical exercises to improve these skills. These military sports are the main content of Wushu. With the establishment of Wushu, military sports have entered the field of schools and special institutions have been established.
After the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, various measures were taken to attach importance to education and a cultural and educational network was formed. In order to cultivate military martial arts talents, the Central Martial Arts School was established in the Ming Dynasty, and martial arts courses were also set up in Confucianism, with special personnel to teach. In the second year of Hongwu, he ordered all states and counties in Ming Taizu to establish martial arts. According to the imperial edict, in the Yuan Dynasty, "the school existed in name only. Today, schools have been established in all counties, teachers and scholars have been extended, and students have been recruited. They preached morality to restore the old king's past. Once students are in charge, they will teach etiquette, music, shooting, imperial examination, calligraphy, mathematics and so on.
At that time, in order to carry out the court's decree of selecting military talents and strengthening rule, it was very strict with martial arts students. Ming Yao Hui records: "When the sun shines, the shooting team learns to shoot in the nursery. Tree magpies are placed, and the first 30 steps add up to 90 steps, with two people in each lotus root, four arrows each and one arrow after. Sir, the main lens. When I finish shooting, I'll drink out of three and choose out of two. " These measures have created conditions for Wushu students and Confucian scholars to learn literature and martial arts, provided a good opportunity for cultivating talents with both civil and military skills, and promoted the further development of military sports in schools.
In order to consolidate its rule, the Qing Empire followed a series of policies of the Ming Dynasty, such as martial arts, and developed the backbone of safeguarding the interests of its own class according to the Eight Banners system. At that time, martial arts teaching became the main content of military sports. The draft of Qing history: Selected Records said: "There was learning in Qing Dynasty, and the direction should follow the Ming system." At that time, there were Chinese studies, official studies and prefectural and county studies. The ruling class of the Qing Dynasty paid special attention to the civil and military training of Manchu children for the benefit of its own nation, and repeatedly ordered and even legalized it. At that time, official schools were equipped with special riding and shooting instructors to teach skills. These practices have undoubtedly played a very good role in the popularization of riding and shooting objectively, especially in the implementation of "both civil and military" education in schools, which has undoubtedly played a very good role in continuing military sports and strengthening soldiers' physique. It is not difficult to see that in order to better train talents for the army, with the evolution of cold weapons, the quality of military education in schools has been continuously improved. But by the Qing dynasty, it had reached its limit and eventually lost to firearms.
reference data
1 qinghui branch