Individual orientation theory and social orientation theory are two major educational theories, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. This paper will discuss these two theories in order to better understand the essence of education.

Personal standard theory

The theory of individual standard emphasizes the free development of human instinct and nature, and holds that the purpose of education should be determined according to individual needs. This theory is of historical significance in opposing religious theology and feudal obscurantism, but it ignores the social constraints on education and the demand for talent training.

Social standard theory

On the other hand, the theory of social standard advocates that the purpose of education should be determined according to social needs, and emphasizes that individual development depends on society, and the educational result should be measured by its social function. This theory sees that the educational purpose is restricted by society, but ignores the individual restriction of educational purpose.

Harmonious development of individual and society

In fact, individuals and society are interdependent, and it is scientific to unify the needs of social development with those of individuals. While meeting the needs of society, education should fully respect and give full play to the potential of individuals, so as to realize the harmonious development of individuals and society.