The reform and development of basic education has always been closely linked with the renewal of educational concepts and the liberation of educational ideas. The concept of education can be roughly divided into three levels:
The first level is educational values, which belong to the most fundamental concept and restrict all aspects of education. The aim view of quality education, the strategic view of giving priority to education and the development view of educational modernization are all among them.
The second level is the concept of educational activities, which belongs to the middle of educational concept and is the expression of educational values. At the same time, it plays a guiding and leading role in specific educational practice, and the concept of fairness and school-based activities in educational practice belong to this category.
The third level is the concept of educational elements, involving curriculum, teaching, students and teachers in school activities. Different understanding of these four elements directly affects teaching activities, teacher-student relationship, curriculum development and teacher development.
The change of educational concept contains two meanings. What is this? The change of educational concept mainly includes two meanings:
The first is the acceptance of information technology by educators. It is mainly manifested in the application of information technology in education and teaching, which is not only the renewal of means, but also the formation of a brand-new cognitive concept.
The second is the reform of educational guiding ideology. In the information age, the information exchange brought by computer technology, especially the network, requires everyone to learn to learn.
What is the core of educational thoughts and ideas? Pay more attention to cultivating students' innovative spirit, practical ability, innovative ability and entrepreneurial ability. Under the guidance of the scientific concept of quality, the school, in combination with its own positioning, formulates quality standards and conscientiously implements them. Advanced educational ideas must have the characteristics of the times and change with the progress of the times. It is very important to examine the school leaders' ideas of running a school. To a certain extent, the school's educational philosophy is a reflection of the school leaders' educational philosophy, especially the party and government leaders in the school. Therefore, to examine the educational concept of a school, we must examine the educational concept of school leaders.
Differences and Blending of Chinese and Western Educational Concepts Since ancient times, there have been great differences between Chinese and Western education.
There are great differences between the East and the West in many concepts, which stems from different cultural backgrounds, different values and different ways of thinking. These factors work together to form the national character of a country.
Many fables of China people have been artistically processed. That is to say, it is based on real life, but it has made great changes and changed its face, making the story perfect, with distinctive themes and rich educational warning significance. In this process, the thinking logic of China people is reflected-perfect, implicit and not straightforward. Is there any doubt here that he is fake? Our people have never felt this way because we are too used to this kind of thinking. No one has doubted this yet. But let westerners understand the same thing, and practice will soon find problems. For example, the story of the race between the tortoise and the hare. No one in China ever doubted its authenticity, nor did anyone practice it. See what the actual result is. Westerners face the story of China, and children begin to do it after listening to it. Buy turtles and rabbits, put them together and let them start a game. The result is laughter. Instead of running in the same direction, the two little guys parted ways. The result of China's fable did not appear in the competition. This story illustrates a profound problem. Westerners have different ways of thinking and educational ideas from China. Westerners pay attention to practical ability and draw a conclusion from practice: the starting point of all thinking is reality, and the habit of thinking about reality forms their national character-straight to the point, straightforward and frank. Honesty. Is this story different from the experiment of free fall? If no one carried out the experiment of cotton and iron falling to the ground, our science could not develop. Western scientific inventions are always ahead of the world. Are there any shortcuts? No. They are used to this kind of thinking, which is relatively objective, but there are too many subjective things in China people's thinking, and they may make mistakes on any issue.
Along with this kind of thinking, there is also a sociological problem. The patchwork is based on real life, but the background is different. The simple combination looks real, but it's fake. Here, people need to do a simple experiment to find loopholes.
What is the educational philosophy of Ba Xueyuan? Ba Xueyuan uses abandoned trams as classrooms. There is no fixed seat, and you can freely choose your favorite seat according to your mood and convenience every day. There is no fixed schedule. From the first class, the teacher wrote down all the classes to be attended that day and all the questions to be learned in each class on the blackboard, and then said, "Let's start the class, starting with the class you like." In Ba Xueyuan, children have never been taught to walk in a straight line or be quiet on the tram or not to litter. However, in daily life, children unconsciously know a lot, and these concepts have been deeply planted in their hearts. Children in Ba Xueyuan never doodle, because in the music class twice a week, everyone will doodle and write as much as they can, and they have enjoyed doodling enough. In Ba Xueyuan, even after school, children are reluctant to go home. Moreover, the next morning, I was eager to go to school early. Ba Xueyuan is such a charming school, a school that fascinates all children. Xiao Doudou was lucky to spend his childhood there.
What changes have taken place in the concept of chemistry education? In recent years, with the development of science and technology and economy all over the world, great changes have taken place in education in many countries, and the concept of chemistry education has also changed greatly. People's understanding of chemistry education moves from low level to high level, from closed to open, from single to multiple, from region to whole. Next, the transformation of chemistry education concept is discussed from eight aspects.
First, the change of teaching material view.
Our current chemistry teaching content is relatively old, and the backwardness of teaching materials has a great negative impact on teaching materials. Although students have learned a lot about books, after graduation, they are dazzled and at a loss about the rapidly developing science and technology society. In developed countries, the teaching content is generally changed once every five years; Some countries make minor changes every two years and major changes every five years to ensure the modernization of teaching content. Today, with the vigorous development of high technology, the concept that science and technology are the primary productive forces has been deeply rooted in people's hearts, and the modernization of teaching content is an important topic in China's chemical education reform.
Traditional educational theory holds that teaching materials should be arranged in logical order, regardless of students' acceptance ability and cognitive level, so the content is complicated, and only the vertical knowledge system is emphasized, ignoring the horizontal connection and comprehensive application of knowledge, which is only beneficial to teachers' teaching and not conducive to students' learning. Modern teaching theory attaches importance to the basic content of teaching materials and advocates learning the basic structure of chemistry. The idea of the new textbook should be:
① Modernization of teaching materials. Absorb the new achievements of chemistry since the 20th century into the teaching materials, so that the teaching materials can reflect the new achievements of modern science and technology.
② Theoretical textbooks. Strengthen the proportion of basic theory and basic knowledge in teaching materials and improve the theoretical level.
③ The teaching materials are structured. Reflect the basic structure of chemistry in teaching materials, so that students can learn easily and master the basic framework of the subject.
④ Diversification of teaching materials. In addition to compulsory courses, various types of elective courses should be offered to broaden students' knowledge and establish a reasonable knowledge structure.
⑤ Interesting teaching materials. Increase the readability of teaching materials, increase chemical history and chemical experiments, and improve students' interest in learning chemistry. According to modern teaching theory, the content of teaching materials includes five levels: knowledge level, ability level, emotion level, cognition level, teaching thought and method level. From the perspective of textbook structure, it is necessary to break through the key points and fully grasp the key points. For example, for key knowledge, combining the process of scientific discovery and the history of chemistry, clearly explain the source and scope of application, so that students can master the learning ideas and methods and improve their ability to draw inferences from others.
Second, the change of teachers' view.
Modern educational theory holds that as a teacher, we should not only be satisfied with teaching well, but also have higher educational theory literacy. On the one hand, teachers should take some courses in educational theory, including teaching theory, curriculum theory, chemistry pedagogy, chemistry learning psychology, educational measurement, intellectual psychology and so on. On the other hand, teachers should carry out educational research in combination with teaching and write some scientific research papers every semester. In this way, teachers don't just impart knowledge, but like psychologists, they discover students' inner mysteries, capture their inner feelings, cultivate their healthy and beautiful personalities and establish noble and beautiful sentiments.
Teachers are the organizers of educational activities and play an irreplaceable role in the development of students. In the final analysis, the requirements of the future society for education are the requirements for teachers. Both the renewal of educational concepts and the reform of teaching contents and methods will depend on the quality and attitude of teachers. It is difficult for students to learn to do things that teachers can't do, and it is also difficult to cultivate qualities that teachers don't have. Therefore, teachers must master a wide range of knowledge and skills. Teachers should have not only chemical knowledge, but also social knowledge and practical technical knowledge. They can not only teach, but also use modern teaching instruments. Teachers should not only pay attention to their own knowledge structure and external behavior, but also pay attention to their own personality and psychological quality. They should improve themselves in politics, morality, knowledge, ability, psychology and aesthetic ability, develop in an all-round way and become "all-round", "pioneer" and "creative" teachers. In short, in order to make students have good quality, teachers must first have. Teachers in 2 1 century should be ahead of students in 2 1 century.
Third, the change of talent view.
Generally speaking, talents are divided into three levels: those high-level talents with extraordinary creativity and creative spirit, excellent wisdom, rich knowledge and excellent psychological quality are the first level talents; Professionals who can master and be familiar with certain knowledge and skills, not only use their brains, but also practice, are the second-level talents; Citizens and ordinary workers with certain cultural literacy and practical experience are the third-level talents. Society needs talents at these three levels, and they are indispensable. For example, factories and mines need engineers, technicians and skilled workers; In universities and research institutes, there should be professors, researchers, librarians and experimenters, and the social demand for all kinds of talents has a reasonable proportion. If the construction company only has draftsmen and no construction workers, and the hospital only has doctors who prescribe medicines and no nurses who take medicines, how can the work be carried out? But today, many people think that only those who get into universities with high scores are talents, and an equal sign is drawn between high scores, universities and talents. Therefore, in the middle school stage, everything revolves around grades, focusing only on intellectual education, not on moral education, physical education and aesthetic education. In intellectual education, only knowledge, no ability; In terms of knowledge, I have only mastered the knowledge to be tested in the college entrance examination, but I have not mastered the knowledge of life and society. All this is a reflection of one-sided talent view.
The demand for talents in socialist construction is not only multi-level, but also multifaceted. We need both scientists, musicians, artists, sports stars and inventors. Our school should take it as its responsibility to train all kinds of talents. For a long time, people have always thought that the human brain is divided into two areas, which control language and mathematics respectively. However, Professor Gardner of Harvard University believes that people have six kinds of wisdom, which are controlled by six regions of the brain. The first two are well-known wisdom of language and logic (mathematics), and the last four are wisdom of music, wisdom of sports, wisdom of spatial imagination and wisdom of perceiving oneself or others' emotions. Each of these six kinds of wisdom has its own information base, which can be proved by the symptoms of some patients with amnesia. They sometimes lose some kind of memory, but another kind of wisdom is extremely developed, which also proves that if one of these six areas shrinks, it is a kind of wisdom decline. Other fields have also expanded accordingly, occupying areas that originally belonged to another kind of wisdom. Another kind of wisdom may be formed. This is the best annotation for us to cultivate all kinds of talents in biology, that is to say, students have the possibility to develop in any of these six kinds of wisdom. Therefore, there is absolutely no reason for us to judge whether we are talented or not only by the results of cultural courses, but we should try our best to discover students' specialties and provide special conditions for the development of students' specialties.
Influenced by traditional ideas, teachers generally like students to follow the rules, and think that those students who often ask "why" are "thorns". Actually, these "thorns" are very creative. Edison, a famous inventor, was kicked out of the classroom by the teacher because he asked "why two plus two equals four" when he was a child. In teaching, we sometimes find that students don't do experiments according to the teacher's ideas, and the teacher will be furious; When the students get to the bottom of it, the teacher impatiently perfunctory students. So Henyel, a German psychologist, said, "Nowadays, schools ignore the promotion of creativity, which is often counterproductive." . Henyel's words should make us think deeply. How many sparks of creative thinking have been extinguished and how many talents have been buried under the guidance of our incorrect view of talents ... It is time to change the view of talents.
Fourth, the change of cognitive concept.
In recent years, "sts" (Science, Technology and Society) education is rising all over the world. This is because in the past half century, the development of science and technology has more and more extensive influence on human society. Therefore, science, technology and society, which belong to different categories and have different properties, are more and more closely linked and infiltrated in modern society, and chemistry plays a particularly important role in sts education. The achievements in modern high-tech field can be said to be the result of chemical development to a great extent. Therefore, middle school chemistry education should accomplish three tasks: ① to teach students basic and systematic chemistry knowledge; ② Cultivate students' scientific thinking methods and abilities; ③ Make students develop a scientific attitude and cultivate students' good sentiment. And quite a few teachers can't even reach an index in teaching. Because they don't let students learn and think by themselves, they let students recite a lot of formulas by rote, and they can set up formulas to calculate problems. However, the new teaching concept holds that memorizing some theorems and laws is not learning, and what can be memorized may not be understood, and what cannot be understood may not be learned.
There are also some teachers who regard middle school students as "shrinking adults" without considering their physical and psychological conditions, and do not pay attention to their thinking habits, cognitive processes and cognitive laws. All teaching activities are carried out according to the teacher's ideas, so that students can passively accept knowledge. The author thinks that in teaching, we should embody the perfect combination of students' subjectivity and teachers' subjectivity, arouse students' enthusiasm, let students ask questions to find ideas, do experiments, let students analyze mistakes, let students distinguish right from wrong, let students compare the advantages and disadvantages of methods, and truly reflect students' subjectivity.
What are the reasons for the misunderstanding of parents' educational concepts? 1 Parents' misunderstanding 2 Parents dote on their children 3 Parents are influenced by the surrounding environment.
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Comparison of Contemporary Chinese and Western Preschool Education Concepts There is a book that I think is particularly good, which introduces the communication education between foreign countries and children.
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Lu Xun's reading report on children's education: Starting from the cry of "breaking the black dye vat" and "saving children", Lu Xun questioned China's traditional education and advocated the educational thought of "taking children as the standard". In view of the old education system that suppressed and destroyed children in feudal society, Lu Xun put forward "live happily and be a reasonable person" in his creation and comments, so as to make children grow up healthily.
The concept of education of Cambodians is universal and random. This country has been colonized for a long time, and then it has experienced war, which makes people feel that everything is constantly changing. People there rarely have long-term ideals, most of them live day after day, and influenced by Buddhism or Hinduism, people are relatively calm and indifferent. This is the overall situation. I don't know if you want to know.