Edison's earliest interest in natural science was in chemistry. 10 years old, he loved chemistry. He collected about 200 bottles and saved every penny to buy chemicals and put them in bottles. At the age of 1 1, he experimented with his first telegram. In order to make money to buy chemicals and equipment, he began to work. At the age of 12, he got a job selling newspapers on the train and traveled between Portron, Michigan and Detroit. While selling newspapers, he also deals in fruits and vegetables. Whenever he is free, he goes to the library to read books. 186 1 year, the American civil war broke out. Edison, who just turned 14 years old, bought an old money printing machine and used the convenience of taking the train to run a tabloid (weekly) Herald to convey the war situation and news along the way. The first weekly was printed on the train. He is also a journalist, editor, typesetter, proofreader, printer and publisher. The tabloids are very popular, and he also gained talent, knowledge and experience from his intense work, and earned a lot of money to continue his chemical experiments. With the money he earned, he set up a chemistry laboratory on the baggage car. Unfortunately, when he was doing an experiment on the train, the train suddenly bumped, causing a piece of phosphorus to fall on the board and cause burning. The conductor came to put out the fire and gave him a heavy slap, which made him deaf. He was kicked off the train when Edison was 16 years old. Another way of saying it is: Unfortunately, once a chemical caught fire, he was thrown out of the car with his equipment. Another time, when Edison tried to board a freight train, a conductor grabbed him by the ear and helped him get on the train. This action led to Edison's lifelong deafness. )
Reference:/kloc-At the age of 0/2, little Edison began to sell newspapers on the train. He takes the early train to Detroit every day, and then takes the late train back to Port Huron at 9 o'clock in the evening. Edison, when he was young, got on the train to sell newspapers. On the one hand, he is tired of studying at school; On the other hand, he can accumulate a sum of research and experimental funds for his own control. During the afternoon break in Detroit, he can also read many science books in the city library. Edison, 12 years old, built his own small laboratory in the corner of the luggage compartment with the help of the train conductor. It was not until an experiment caught fire that Edison finished his original scientific experiment in the train laboratory.
Frustration did not discourage Edison. He fell in love with the telegraph again. After repeated research, he invented the automatic power recorder at 1868, which was his first invention. Later, he invented two new types of telegrams. 1877, he invented the carbon telephone transmitter to make the original telephone sound clearer. In addition, he invented the phonograph. People call him a magician.
1878 In September, Edison began to study electric lights when he was 3 1 year old. At that time, the gas lamp had replaced the kerosene lamp, but the flame flickered and when it was extinguished, it would produce harmful gas; Arc lamp has also been invented and used in public places, but it is not suitable for indoor use because it hisses when burning and is too bright. At that time, many European and American scientists were already exploring to make a new and stable luminous body.
Edison studied the arc lamp and announced that he could invent a satisfactory lamp, but he needed money. At that time, he was a man with 170 invention patents, and his inventions brought huge profits to capitalists, so a consortium was willing to provide him with financial assistance. After thousands of failures, in April of 1879, he improved the rod-shaped and tubular lamps of his predecessors and made a glass ball. 1879 65438+1Oct. 2 1 He fixed a carbon-treated cotton thread in a glass bulb, pumped out air, sealed the mouth, applied current to make it glow, and a new lighting object appeared.
From 1880 to 1882, Edison designed light sockets, buttons, fuses, current breakers, electric meters, chandeliers, and also designed main line and branch line systems, which made the world's largest generator at that time, established the first power plant in new york and opened up the first civil lighting system. Later, he and george eastman invented the movie camera together. Edison's three great inventions: the phonograph, the electric light and power system and the movie camera enriched and improved the civilized life of mankind.
Edison died on 193 1, 10,18 (10,9) at the age of 84. However, so far no one can break his record of holding 1099 invention patents, and people call him the king of invention.
Life, Invention and Science Journey Edison1862 In August, Edison rescued a dying boy on the train track with fearless heroism. The child's father is grateful for this, but he is willing to teach him telegraph technology because he has no money to reward him. Since then, Edison has forged an indissoluble bond with this mysterious new electric world and embarked on a scientific journey.
1863, Edison worked as a telecom operator in Stratford Hub Station, the main railway line. From 1864 to 1867, I worked as a telegraph operator in all parts of the central and western regions and lived a life similar to wandering. Footprints include Stratford, Adrian, fort wayne, Indianapolis, Cincinnati, Nashville, Tennessee, Memphis, Louisville and Huron.
1868, Edison came to Boston as a telegraph operator. In the same year, he obtained the first invention patent. This is a device for automatically recording votes. Edison thought that this device could speed up the work of Congress and would be very popular. However, a member of Congress told him that they had no intention to speed up the agenda, and sometimes voting was slow because of political needs. From then on, Edison decided never to make any inventions that people didn't need.
At the beginning of June 1869, he came to new york to look for a job. While he was waiting for a summons in the broker's office, a telegram broke down. Edison was the only person there who could repair the telegraph, so he got a better job than he expected. On June+10, 65438, he and Pop established "Pop-Edison Company", which specializes in scientific instruments for electrical engineering. Here, he invented "Edison Universal Printing Machine". He dedicated this printing machine to the manager of a big company on Wall Street. He wanted to charge 5000 dollars, but he didn't have the courage to say it. So he asked the manager to give a price, and the manager gave 40 thousand yuan.
Edison used the money to build a factory in Ward Street, Newark, New Jersey, which specializes in manufacturing all kinds of motors. He worked all night. He trained many capable assistants, and at the same time, he happened to meet diligent Mary Stilwell, his first bride in the future. In Newark, he invented wax paper and mimeograph. From 1872 to 1875, Edison invented the two-pole and four-pole telegraph successively, and helped others to make the world's first English typewriter.
1876 In the spring, Edison moved to Monroe Park in New Jersey again. He built the first "invention factory" here, which "marked the beginning of collective research". 1877, Edison improved the telephone invented by Bell and put it into practical use. He also invented the phonograph, one of his favorite projects. Telephone and telegraph "are a revolution to expand human sensory functions"; The phonograph is one of the three great inventions that have changed people's lives. "From the imagination of the invention, this is his extremely significant invention achievement." At this time, people called him "the magician of Monroe Park".
When Edison invented the phonograph, after numerous failures, he finally made a breakthrough in the study of electric lights. 1879, 10 year1October 22nd, Edison lit the first electric lamp with wide practical value. In order to prolong the life of the filament, he tried more than 6,000 kinds of fiber materials and found a new luminous body-Japanese bamboo filament, which can last for more than 1000 hours and achieve the purpose of durability. To some extent, this invention is the pinnacle of Edison's life. Then, he created a power supply system, which made the distant lights distribute electricity from the central power station, which was a great technical achievement.
His first discovery in pure science appeared in 1883. When testing the electric lamp, he observed what he called the Edison effect: in a lighted bulb, charge travels from the hot filament through space to the cold plate. Edison applied for a patent for this discovery in 1884, but did not study it further. Scientists nearby developed the electronic industry, especially radio and television, by using the Edison effect.
Edison tried to do for his eyes what the phonograph did for his ears, and the movie camera was born here. Using a piece of celluloid film newly invented by George Heasman, he took a series of photos and projected them on the curtain quickly and continuously, creating the illusion of movement. He experimented with movies for the first time in the laboratories of 1889 and 189 1. 1903, his company produced the first feature film great train robbery. Edison did a lot of work for the establishment and standardization of the film industry.
After Edison moved his laboratory to West Orange in 1887, he founded many commercial companies, manufactured products and popularized his various inventions. These companies later merged into Edison General Electric Company, which was later called General Electric Company. Since then, his interests have turned to fluorescence, ore mashers, magnetic separation of iron, storage batteries and railway signaling devices.
During World War I, he developed a torpedo device, a flamethrower and an underwater periscope.
1929 10 2 1 On the 50th anniversary of the invention of electric light, people held a grand celebration for Edison, and famous scientists such as Albert Einstein of Germany (Federal Republic of Germany) and Madame Curie of France (born in Poland) congratulated him one after another. Unfortunately, at this celebration, Edison suddenly fainted because of excessive excitement during his defense. Since then, his health has gone from bad to worse 193 1 year1October 18 The scientist who made great contributions to mankind died of illness at the age of 84.
Edison's cultural level is extremely low, but his contribution to mankind is so great. What is the secret here? In addition to curiosity, he also has an instinct to experiment by himself, that is, he has unlimited energy and courage to work hard beyond ordinary people. When someone called Edison a "genius", he explained: "Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration." He organized many people of different professions in the "invention factory", including more than 65,438+000 scientists, engineers, technicians and workers. Many of Edison's great inventions were achieved by this collective force. His achievements are mainly attributed to his diligence, creativity and collective strength. In addition, his wife also played a very important role.
Edison only attended primary school for three months in his life, and his knowledge came from his mother's teaching and self-study. His success should also be attributed to his mother's understanding and patient teaching since childhood, which made Edison, who was originally considered an imbecile, become a world-famous "king of invention" when he grew up.
According to statistics, about 1300 inventions in Edison's life were officially registered in the Patent Office. 188 1 is the highest recorded year of his invention. This year, he applied for filing 14 1 invention, and there was a new invention every three days on average.
The life of the great inventor Edison tells us that great achievements come from hard work.
As time goes by, Edison will not be forgotten. His life is glorious, and everything he has is for mankind. Edison made up his mind to make electric lights when he was a child. He saved his mother with wisdom, and there was still time for surgery.
A new life in Singapore
Edison 188 1 began to live in new York in the winter of, and his time in Monroe park became shorter and shorter. His wife and children live in new york, and his hometown Menlo Park has become a summer resort. The Edison family spent several summers in Monroe Park.
1884, Edison was 37 years old. This year is a sad year for Edison. 1884 In the summer, Mary Edison contracted typhoid fever here, which is a dangerous disease. At first, I thought she just had a cold, so she should take some medicine. So Edison, who worked hard in new york, didn't go to see her. Mary's sister Alice and the doctors try their best to take care of her every day and stay by the bed all the time.
Soon, his wife's condition deteriorated and Edison didn't go to graduate school for several days. Edison was derided as a "workaholic". He seldom comes to the graduate school, so his colleagues are very worried. Mrs. Edison's hope of recovery was dashed, and Mary Edison died in the early morning of August 9, 1984. After the funeral ceremony was held in the house, the coffin was transported to a small station and sent to her childhood hometown of new york by train. The news of her death was released on August 16: The wife of the famous inventor Edison died suddenly in Monroe Park, New Jersey on Saturday, 9th of this month. /kloc-a funeral was held on the afternoon of 0/2, attended by more than 400 guests. These include Edison's manager Aidan, assistant managers Johnson, Laurie, De Navarro and Roosevelt. Clothes hangers send many flowers. She was buried in Kekuaile Mountain Cemetery in new york.
After Mrs. Edison died, she left him three young children: Dortmund, 6 years old; Thomas Alva Jr., 8 years old; William L., 6 years old. The death of his wife made him feel lonely as never before. However, he had to go on working. He can't stop working because of this. He rented his house to William and holzer, sent his children to new york and entrusted them to his grandmother Steve.
Monroe Park can only give the inventor sad memories, so he moved out all the parts, medicines and instruments and discarded them. A few years later, the old house was burned down by lightning, and the old light factory next to the Pennsylvania Railway was also burned down. After Edison moved out, farmers moved in.
The big room above the laboratory was rented out for a dance. L.m。 Hirsch made it the headquarters of his band and set up a stage at the back of the room. The first floor downstairs used to be a cowshed. The old building gradually fell apart, and the wood was demolished to build a nearby house, and finally it collapsed.
The east end of the brick machine factory was transformed into a storage room for storing sundries in Monroe Park Fire Department. The other end was once used as a cowshed. There is a farmer named Thomas J. McConnell who lives in that small glass room and keeps many pigs on that ranch. Later, a family named willcocks moved into the house in the former office and raised a lot of chickens in the house.
During the years between 1884 and 1885, Edison's life was lonely and monotonous. Mary didn't ask much of Tom when she was alive. She loves him and understands the importance of his career. Edison didn't have much time for family life, but Mary was always waiting for him. Edison is lonely and monotonous now. He may have apologized to her because he didn't spend too much time.
Edison began the experiment of transforming arc lamp in 1877, and put forward the idea of dividing current to turn arc lamp into white light. The experiment should reach a satisfactory level. It is necessary to find a substance that can burn to white heat as a filament, and can withstand high-temperature combustion of more than 2000 degrees 1000 hours. At the same time, the usage should be simple, can withstand the impact of daily use, and the price should be low. It is also necessary to turn on and off one lamp without affecting the turn-off of any other lamp and maintain the relative independence of each lamp. This was a very bold idea at that time, which required great efforts to explore and experiment. As for the materials used to make silk, Edison first experimented with carbonized materials, then failed to experiment with platinum-iridium alloy with high melting point, and made 1600 different experiments with fine ores and seedlings, all of which failed. But at this time, he and his assistants have made great progress, knowing that incandescent filament must be sealed in a glass ball with high vacuum and not easy to melt. In this way, his experiment returned to carbon wire. He used it day and night in the first half of 1880, but Edison's incandescent lamp experiment still had no result. One day, he tore a bamboo filament tied to the edge of a banana fan in the laboratory into filaments and devoted all his energy to carbonization. Only the carbonation experiments of plants have reached more than 6000 kinds. Three years have passed since his experimental notebooks reached more than 200, with a total of more than 40,000 pages. He works eighteen or nine hours a day. At three or four o'clock every morning, he only sleeps under the experimental table with two or three books on his head. Sometimes he sleeps on the stool three or four times a day for only half an hour at a time.
By the first half of 1880, Edison's incandescent lamp experiment was still inconclusive, and even his assistants were discouraged. One day, he tore a bamboo filament tied to the edge of a banana fan in the laboratory into filaments and carbonized it into filaments. The result is better than all previous experiments. This is Edison's first incandescent electric lamp-bamboo filament electric lamp. This kind of bamboo filament lamp lasted for many years. It was not until 1908 that tungsten was invented as a filament to replace it. Edison began to develop alkaline batteries after this, which was very difficult, and his research spirit was even more amazing. This kind of battery is used to provide power. He and a selected assistant have studied hard for nearly ten years and experienced many hardships and failures. One moment he thought he had reached his destination, but the next he knew he was wrong. But Edison never wavered and started again. It took about 50,000 tests and 150 test notes to achieve the goal.
Reference: Edison studied hard all his life, was good at thinking and worked hard. At the age of 75, he even signs in for work in the laboratory on time every day. For decades, he worked almost ten hours a day and read books in his study for three to five hours at night. If you spend the average person's life time, his life has doubled. So, on his 79th birthday, Edison proudly told people that I was 135 years old. He lived to be 84 years old and made 1 100 inventions in his life, among which the greatest contribution was to invent the phonograph and the automatic telegraph, and to experiment and improve the incandescent lamp and telephone. Edison began to study electric light in his early twenties, which lasted for 10 years. He chose thousands of different substances such as bamboo wool, graphite and tantalum as filament materials for experiments, and often stayed up late. Once he and his assistants worked continuously for five days and five nights. 1879 Edison made incandescent filament with carbon filament and lit it for 40 hours. Because the surface of carbon wire is porous and fragile, its strength is very low. It was soon replaced by tungsten wire.
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193 1 year, Edison died in west orange at the age of 84.