Makarenko's collectivism principle can be divided into the following categories:

The principle of combining respect with requirements. Makarenko believes that in the process of making demands on children, we should respect and trust students, but also set strict demands on students, and organically combine strictness with love.

The influence principle of parallel education. Makarenko believes that there is a close relationship between the collective and the individual. Educating individuals and collectives can be regarded as educational purposes, and individuals and collectives can be regarded as educational objects at the same time.

The principle of forward-looking education. Makarenko believes that we should always put forward new goals to the collective, show the collective a bright future, and encourage the collective to work hard to realize this bright future, so as to keep the collective youthful and energetic forever.

Extended introduction

"In the collective" means that the collective is the foundation of education, and the education of students (including the education of individual students) should be carried out in the collective. If you leave the collective, it is difficult to receive good educational results. "Through the collective" means that the collective is the means of education. Teachers do not educate students by their own strength, but influence students by means of collective education.

"For the collective" means that the collective is not only the means of education, but also the purpose and object of education. When educating individuals, we should also educate the whole group.

"In the collective" means that the collective is the foundation of education, and the education of students (including the education of individual students) should be carried out in the collective. If you leave the collective, it is difficult to receive good educational results.

"Through the collective" means that the collective is the means of education. Teachers do not educate students by their own strength, but influence students by means of collective education. "For the collective" means that the collective is not only the means of education, but also the purpose and object of education. When educating individuals, we should also educate the whole group.

In order to accurately understand and correctly apply the educational principles in the collective, we must first understand what the collective is. Makarenko believes that the collective "is a collection of individuals with a certain purpose. Everyone who participates in this collective is organized and has a collective institution."

To measure whether a group is a collective depends on whether it has the following characteristics: (1) common goals; (2) Having a sound organizational structure; (3) correcting collective public opinion; (4) There are certain standards for collective activities. Therefore, the collective is not a simple addition of individuals, nor is it an accidental gathering of a group of people. Makarenko once introduced such a case:

One day, team member Peter Renko was late for work. After learning about this, makarenko did not immediately call the students, reprimand them or give them appropriate punishment like some teachers, but called the captain of Petrenko's team and said to the captain, "Someone in your team is late for work." "Yes, petrenko is late." The captain replied. "Don't have such a situation in the future." "Yes, it won't happen again."

However, petrenko was late for the second time. Makarenko still didn't call him personally, but called the whole team together and scolded: "Petrenko of your team is late for the second time."

Makarenko blamed the whole team, and the team collectively promised to ensure that it would not happen again. After the meeting, the team immediately educated petrenko and said to him, "You are late for work, which means all our teams are late." After that, the team regarded petrenko as a member of the team, a member of the whole team, and put forward many strict requirements for him. Under the influence of the team, petrenko gradually overcame the phenomenon of being late.

The above cases accurately explain the educational principle of "in the collective, through the collective, for the collective". Obviously, makarenko's education of Petrenko is "in the collective". At this time, Petrenko's unit has become an educational means, which embodies the educational concept of "through the collective".

Petrenko's lateness not only educated him, but also gave the whole team a good collectivism education, and all members' sense of collective honor and responsibility was strengthened to some extent. Makarenko emphasized collective education, but did not deny the necessary individual education.