Nara period (7 10 ~ 784): In 7 10, the Japanese capital moved to Nara, which was called Nara period (7 10-794). During Emperor Shengwu's reign in Tian Ping, Nara Buddhism flourished, with five temples. Dongda Temple was built in Tian Ping 13 (74 1), and it was divided into temples in various countries. General imperial academy, governing imperial academy. Dongtai Temple was built by Emperor Shengwu, who vowed to lay the foundation for a good monk and persuaded Tianzhu Brahman Monk and Bodhisattva. What are their names? Four saints of Dongda Temple. In the Tang Dynasty, Jian Zhen was invited to preach in China. In 759, Tian Ping Steamed Bun established the Tang and Zhao Temple in Nara. In the eighth year of Baozi in Tian Ping, Xiwei Temple was established in the west of Nara, opposite to Dongda Temple. So there are seven temples in Nara. During this period, seven famous temples (Dongda Temple, Xiwei Temple and Zhao Ti Temple in the Tang Dynasty) were formed, and the "Six Schools in the South of the Yangtze River" gradually formed.
From Asuka period to Nara period, six Buddhist sects or schools were introduced directly or indirectly from China, namely Sanlun Sect, Faxiang Sect, Jushe Sect, Shicheng Sect, Huayan Sect and Legalism Sect, which were called Nara Six Schools. After moving the capital to peace (now Kyoto), it was also called? There are six cases in Dunant. The three schools are full of the wisdom of Korean monks? Chuzu. Guan Hui once entered the Tang Dynasty to learn three theories from Jiaxiang and Ji Zang. In 33 years (624), he pushed the ancient emperor to Japan and introduced the three theories to Japan. Guan Hui's men are full of talents. What about Fu Liang? Its high feet. Faxiangzong was introduced into Japan by Daozhao. Daozhao was sent to the Tang Dynasty in the fourth year of Baihua (653) and was taught by Xuanzang. In the year of Qi Tang, he lived in Yuanxing Temple in Nara, traveled all over the country, spread Buddhism and learned a lot. Hua Yanzong was founded because Shen Xiang, a monk from Silla, gave a lecture on Hua Yan Jing in Japan, so Shen Xiang won this honor? Hua Yanzong was the first founder to ask him to pass on Hua Yanjing. The second ancestor. Famen is the last sect of Nara's six sects. Joy's Rong Rui and Da An Ji began to shine. In view of the lack of Japanese precepts, they went to the Tang Dynasty to seek the Dharma and urged Jian Zhen to go eastward. Jian Zhen failed to sail for five times. After 12 years of painstaking efforts, he finally arrived in Japan, and first built an annular altar in front of the Buddhist Hall of Dongda Temple. Emperors, Empresses and Crown Princes conferred the Bodhisattva precepts, and more than 400 people were ordained at one time. After that, an annular altar was built in the temple. Follow the monks to accept the new precepts. After that, he spent his whole life in Zhao Ti Temple in the Tang Dynasty. The portraits made by his disciples still exist today and are Japan's national treasures.
Heian period (784 ~ L 192) or Heian dynasty. In 794, the Japanese capital moved from Nara to Heian (now Kyoto), and the Heian period began (794- 1 192). When Wu Hengjian established its new capital, the development of Buddhism was once restricted in order to reduce the political influence of Nara monks. Later, in order to learn China's new Buddhism and reform Japanese Buddhism, a group of monks were sent to study Tantric Buddhism in the Tang Dynasty.
Japanese Buddhism in this period, influenced by the prosperous Tang Dynasty, established temples in famous mountains and created "Mountain Buddhism" in Japan. The relationship with politics is not as close as that of the previous generation, and it can be said that it has changed from the integration of politics and religion. Politics and religion coexist. The task of Buddhism is to pray for national peace. In the future, the Japanese Buddhist school is no longer just China's Buddhism. The clearest Tiantai Sect is the "four sects in one" and "circle in one" of Taiwan, Buddhism and France. The ten-point theory of empty sea is the development of Buddhism itself.
Kamakura period to Antu Taoshan period (L 192 ~ 1603): Kamakura to Antu Taoshan period (1 192- 1603) experienced the Northern and Southern Dynasties (1333). Until Antu Taoshan period (1573- 1603), it was a turbulent period in Japanese history and a period when Buddhism began to change. During this period, many new religious movements appeared, among which the Amitabha belief movement guided by law was important. In addition to the continuation of the previous generation, Jing Shizong and Zen Buddhism were established. It gave birth to Japanese schools, such as Shi Jing True Sect, Shizong Sect and Rilian Sect. The belief movement of Beijing religion directed by Rilian has a deep foundation among the masses, and has formed the Pure Land Sect and the Rilian Sect with national forms.
China Zen Buddhism was introduced to Japan from Daozhao, Daorui and Yikong, but it was not independent? During the period of sectarianism in Kamakura, Lin Jizong and Cao Dongzong were spread by Rong Xi (1141215) and Daoyuan (1200- 1253) respectively. Ruishanjue 'a arrived in China in the seventh year of the Southern Song Dynasty (l 17 1), and was influenced by Yang Qi sent by Hui Yuan, a monk from Lingyin Temple in Hangzhou. He returned to China four years later, which was the beginning of Lin Ji Zen in Japan. Rong went to study in the Song Dynasty twice, studied Zen in an empty temple, and returned to China in the Song Dynasty to spread the legal system of Huanglong School and Lin Ji School, which was the only way to establish Lin Ji School in. After the practice of "Guanyin Zen" and the collapse of glory, Japanese Zen gradually gained strength, but most of them belonged to the Sect. Daoyuan returned to China in the Song Dynasty, and in the second year of Jia Zhen's reign (1236), he gave a lecture at the former site of Gokurakuji in the mountain city of Kyoto, set up a monk's hall, and granted a temple? Sheng Xing Baolin Temple, at the beginning of Cao Dongzong, was divided into 15 tribes.
Tokugawa period (1603 ~ 1867): During the Tokugawa shogunate period (1603- 1867), Confucianism, especially Zhuzi, replaced Buddhism. The dominant ideology of Tokugawa feudal society and the influence of Buddhism have been further reduced, but the people still have potential power. Although Buddhism in Kyoto declined at that time, Buddhism in kanto region (referring to Kanto Bazhou, east of Hakone-CHO, which is now Yokohama, Tokyo) gradually flourished. On the one hand, Tokugawa shogunate adopted the policy of locking up the country and formulated various systems at the same time. The shogunate of Texas adopted the policy of controlling and utilizing Buddhism. For Buddhism, there are certain rules about the rank of temples, the rank of monks and even the robes of monks. A series of laws and regulations on monasteries were promulgated, which strengthened the management of various sects. Although various Buddhist sects (Tiantai, Pure Land, outspoken, Rilian, Zen, etc. ) were still preserved in the previous period, and their activities were restricted to some extent, because the temple fair-sandalwood system was implemented (the temple fair established a fixed relationship with the sandalwood family). First, it is necessary to clarify the Buddhist system of the royal family and clearly explain the grades below "door trace" and "courtyard house". Door seal can be divided into three types: "palace door seal", "take door seal" and "quasi-door seal". Formulate laws and regulations on promotion and prohibit the abuse of monks' positions and officials. Delineate the area, one temple and one mountain belong to it. The main mountain is Daben Mountain, and its temples are controlled by Daben Mountain. For example, Pure Land Sect ruled Kanto Temple by adding a temple trace in Benshan, Tokyo; Tiantai Sect took Sunlight Gate as the main attending case: the Eastern Sect and the Western Sect of Zhenzong each set up "rotation" (in the name of taking turns to live in other hospitals). These systems range from a temple to a school. The laws and regulations they should abide by, the stage of practice, the promotion of monks' rank and the poor quality of vestments were not fully possessed until the Meiji Restoration.
After the Meiji Restoration, Japan began the reform movement. In order to meet the needs of the emperor's pro-government, in the early years of Meiji (1868), it was proposed to restore the imperial system to the ancients, "separate the gods from the buddhas" and "abolish the buddhas and destroy them". Promulgate the "separation order of gods and buddhas", and make the door? The prince restored the decoration (returned to secularization), abolished the Buddhist ceremonies in the palace, excluded the Buddha statues in the shrine, abolished the Buddhist tools for worshipping gods, prohibited monks from participating in Shinto ceremonies, prohibited "confusion between gods and buddhas", and promulgated the so-called decree of "judging nature by gods and buddhas". As a result, there have been incidents in various parts of Japan, such as burning Buddha statues and paintings, destroying temples and pagodas, ordering monks and nuns to return to the secular world, and changing heavily guarded courtyards into hospitals and schools. On April 25, Meiji 5, the new government announced that monks were allowed to take their wives to eat meat and store hair, and at the same time ordered monks to add their surnames to the dharma names, so some monks in monasteries openly married their wives to eat meat. Buddhist? To adapt to the new situation, we set up various social undertakings, sent monks to study and study abroad, set up schools, accompanied talents, and began to spread Buddhism abroad and engage in prison education. In the 22nd year of Meiji (1889), the Japanese government promulgated the Constitution, allowing freedom of religious belief and restoring the legal status of Buddhism. In order to adapt to the rapid changes in modern social economy, Japanese Buddhism carried out a series of self-reforms, established many new churches and groups, founded various religious and cultural schools and social welfare undertakings, reformed the education and methods of medieval temples, and compiled and published the Tripitaka. Various schools compete to set up universities or specialized schools, publish many Buddhist works and hold Buddhist lectures in universities. Although Buddhism has been restored for some time? Yes, but the general trend is that the influence is getting smaller and smaller.
The emerging religious order began to appear before the war and was recognized according to the order of religious law after the war. Because traditional Buddhism mainly considers life and death, it is not very concerned about practical problems. The new order has nothing to do with death, but with the realization of heaven on earth. For example, Sōka Gakkai advocated changing "truth, goodness and beauty" to "benefit, goodness and beauty" and "truth" to "benefit" in order to pursue happiness on earth. This idea is more suitable for the trend of the times and the domestic situation in Japan, so the emerging religious order has been continuously developed. Buddhism is still the main religion in Japan, and now there are more than 20 male and female universities all over Japan. There are also many societies and research groups specializing in Buddhism. Various sects also sent missionaries to Europe and the United States to establish other schools to carry out Buddhist propaganda.