Children's aesthetic psychological structure mainly includes keen perception, rich imagination and thorough understanding. Among them, aesthetic perception is the most basic and important part of children's aesthetic psychological structure. The cultivation of children's aesthetic perception ability is a necessary condition for artistic appreciation and artistic creation activities, the basis for cultivating rich aesthetic imagination, thorough aesthetic understanding and positive aesthetic creativity, and an important means for accumulating rich internal emotions.
It can be said that cultivating a keen sense of beauty is the key to children's aesthetic education. Traditional children's art education pays attention to artistic creation, but ignores aesthetic perception, aesthetic imagination and the cultivation of aesthetic comprehension. As arnheim said, now "we ignore the talent of understanding things through the experience we feel", "the ability to find meaning from the appearance of things we see is lost", and we are "born with the ability to understand art through our eyes and are asleep". So, how to cultivate children's keen sense of beauty? Teng Shouyao, a famous aesthetician, believes that the important way to cultivate aesthetic perception ability is to actively guide children to experience and feel the real world and works of art, so that their perception activities can gradually adapt to the activity patterns of China and the United States in the world, and finally form a keen ability to choose and sympathize. Therefore, consciously guide children to understand and experience the unique way of life movement, and gradually cultivate their keen aesthetic perception.
1. Feel and experience the beauty of nature
Nature presents all kinds of beautiful scenery with its beautiful scenery, gorgeous colors and vigorous vitality, which is extremely beneficial to the cultivation of children's aesthetic perception. What is children's aesthetic perception of nature? Let's look at an ordinary four-year-old child's experience of snow. One snowy night, children and their mothers watched the snow together. When he saw snowflakes flying all over the sky, he cried in surprise, "Mom, I see snowflakes, like stars!" " "Mother asked him to watch the snow fall quietly and then asked him how he felt." I feel like I'm flying! "The boy not only felt the lightness and crystal of snowflakes, but also mysteriously felt a psychological reverse force when snowflakes fell, and also felt the joy and surprise brought by heavy snow. This is the discovery and emotional experience of life movement mode aroused by nature in children's hearts.
How do teachers educate children's aesthetics through nature?
(1) Let children express their feelings about aesthetic objects through actions, language and expressions.
(2) Let children carry out aesthetic imagination. The infiltration of aesthetic imagination into aesthetic perception can enrich the content of aesthetic perception and deepen the emotional experience of beauty.
(3) Emotional people. By linking children's perceptual choices with specific human emotional patterns, we can form specific feelings, such as the golden rice field scenery in autumn, which can be linked with the feelings of harvest, joy and harvest.
(4) infect people with language. In the process of aesthetic perception, using languages such as "red maple leaf" and "falling leaves flying like butterflies" can enhance children's feelings about autumn.
(5) Integrating various art forms. Take nature as the theme or material, and integrate music, art, literature, dance and other art forms to carry out aesthetic education in all directions.
(6) Using modern artistic means. In aesthetic education, we can use TV, video and multimedia to show children the beautiful nature and the unique sports forms of life in nature.
2. Contact and appreciate classic works of art..
According to the specific artistic laws, it is another effective method to let children have a lot of contact with works of art from an early age and consciously guide them to feel vitality from them. In the appreciation of artistic works, we should pay attention to the following points.
(1) Creating an aesthetic environment can stimulate children's interest in beautiful things and make their aesthetic perception in a proactive state.
(2) the choice of artistic works. Goethe once said: "Appreciation is cultivated not by watching medium works, but by watching the best works." Therefore, the best works of art of our nation or the world should be provided to children first. Secondly, we should choose those works of art that children can easily understand as the content of appreciation. Third, the choice of works of art should be systematic and organized. For example, in art appreciation activities, you can choose several paintings of fish, shrimp, vegetables and fruits by Qi Baishi, and provide children with works of art in an organized and systematic way, which will help children to systematize their perceptual experience and cultivate their keen aesthetic perception.
(3) Teachers' guidance. Teachers should often talk about works of art with children. Talking about works of art together will help children systematize their perceptual experience, improve their appreciation ability, help children develop from daily perception to real aesthetic perception, and cultivate their keen aesthetic perception ability. This keen perception is manifested in: "Children can carefully observe works of art on the basis of obtaining a strong first impression of the works; "Can observe the characteristics of the materials used in the work", such as the texture of a certain color or surface, the timbre of a certain instrument, the tone of a certain word, etc. "Be able to observe the natural environment and humanistic background where the work is located", such as the background of war or peace in the morning or evening.
Teachers' guidance is mainly to help children make aesthetic reactions to artistic works and guide them to learn how to perceive and appreciate artistic works, which is also the key to cultivate children's aesthetic perception ability. Taking art appreciation activities as an example, teachers can guide children to perceive the content reproduced or expressed by art works from "what do you see"; From "How do you feel about its line shape, color and composition", guide children to perceive the form of works of art; What kind of feelings do you have in your heart to guide children to perceive the emotions of works of art; From "please give your work a name", guide children to review and reflect on the overall perception of artistic works; Guide children to perceive and understand the painter's style from "Guess which painter's work this is".
In the process of guiding children to perceive and appreciate works of art, what really matters is the perception of the works, rather than making judgments and evaluations related to people's values and hobbies, such as the quality of the works, whether they like them or not.
3. Closely link aesthetic feeling with artistic creation and thinking.
In children's artistic activities, "perception is the catalyst of creation and the basis of developing children's understanding and reflection ability, and must always be linked with creation and reflection activities." Children's artistic creation is the externalization of aesthetic feeling and imagination, and the discovery and reflection in the creative process will further promote the development of aesthetic feeling. For example, in artistic creation activities, children can learn the organizing principles of life order, such as contrast and harmony, symmetry and balance, rhythm and rhythm, diversity and unity, and also learn about the shapes, colors and textures of different works of art, such as the different effects of ink painting and gouache painting, the differences between line drawing and sketch, rubbings, finger painting and blow painting, plasticine and clay sculpture, and also learn about different creations. In these creative activities with various forms and rich materials, children's aesthetic perception and taste can be continuously strengthened.
In traditional art education, reflection is a rather weak link. Reflection helps to sort out perception and consciously apply the aesthetic experience gained from perception to one's own artistic study and creation. Reflection should run through the whole process of children's artistic activities and can be carried out through language. For example, children can often go back to talk about their own works and other works (this kind of reflection often benefits from the way teachers ask questions), or they can not use any language, such as children creating new things, or improving their originality on the basis of reflection. Through reflection, children's aesthetic perception and creative ability can be continuously improved in mutual promotion, mutual support and mutual supplement.
I hope it helps you! chart