Compared with other European countries, Russia is not only backward in economic development but also underdeveloped in education. In order to change this situation,1At the beginning of the 8th century, Russian Tsar Peter I carried out social reforms, and education reform was one of them.

In the educational reform, Russia has established specialized schools with real subjects, such as artillery schools, engineering schools and foreign language schools. Some measures have been taken to develop primary education. There are plans to set up an academy of sciences aimed at training high-level talents.

3. The reform of Peter I opened the prelude of educational modernization. However, due to his reform, the aristocratic hierarchy was strengthened, and a strict education system was formed in the middle of18th century. In the first half of19th century, the so-called ideological system of the trinity of Orthodox Church, autocracy and nationality was set as the guiding principle of Russian national education.