Compared with the 200 1 1 edition (revised edition), the Chinese curriculum standards for compulsory education have not only changed in order (for example, teaching suggestions are put before implementation suggestions, while teaching material compilation suggestions are put behind), but also reduced in terms (for example, the reading requirements for the third period are reduced from the original 1 1).
foreword
⑴ Based on the four requirements of modern society for citizens' literacy, the experimental curriculum standard puts forward the important role of Chinese education in cultivating people, and then puts forward five aspects of Chinese education reform and reform principles. Take "the formation and development of Chinese literacy" as the direction of Chinese curriculum. Although it has positive significance in emancipating the mind, changing ideas and changing the classroom, it is difficult for teachers to grasp and operate because of its relative vagueness, so some non-Chinese and pan-Chinese phenomena have appeared in practice.
Based on the function and position of "language", the revised curriculum standard puts forward high-tech requirements for language use and cultural choice ability. In a short paragraph, the word "the use of language and writing" is mentioned three times. It can be seen that the revised curriculum standards put special emphasis on "language and writing" and its "use", which is closer to the essence of Chinese, with more prominent subject characteristics and more specific and clear curriculum objectives.
⑵ The experimental version of the curriculum standard puts forward that Chinese is the most important communication tool and an important part of human culture. The revised Curriculum Standard puts forward that Chinese is a "comprehensive and practical course for learning the use of language and characters". It not only expounds the characteristics of Chinese learning, but also points out the connotation of Chinese curriculum, showing the instrumentality and practicality of Chinese curriculum.
(3) In terms of improving students' Chinese literacy in an all-round way, in addition to the original four language abilities that students must have, the phrase "correctly use the language of the motherland" has been added; Put forward "let students develop harmoniously by optimizing the influence of culture". Emphasize the cultivation of "application" ability in Chinese learning to avoid differences in the use of teaching materials.
⑷ In the interpretation of humanistic connotation, from "attaching importance to the influence of China people" to "inheriting and carrying forward Chinese excellent cultural traditions and revolutionary traditions, embodying the leading role of the socialist core value system, highlighting Socialism with Chinese characteristics's common ideal, and carrying forward the national spirit with patriotism as the core and the spirit of the times with reform and innovation as the core." Use fine traditions, common ideals, national spirit and the spirit of the times to concretize and clarify the humanistic connotation.
5. In grasping the characteristics of Chinese education, the original "let students have direct contact with Chinese materials" has been changed to "let students read more, write more and accumulate over time", realizing that it is the foundation of Chinese learning to let students read more, write more and accumulate more.
(6) In learning methods, the original "fully stimulate students' initiative consciousness" was changed to "fully stimulate their problem consciousness". Added "Chinese learning should pay attention to the mutual connection of listening, speaking, reading and writing, and pay attention to the connection between Chinese and life", highlighting the "problem consciousness"; At the same time, it also clarifies the more specific content contained in the learning method. In this way, students will not only attach importance to cooperative inquiry in teaching, ignore the content and value of cooperative inquiry and deviate from the goal of Chinese learning.
(7) In the construction of Chinese curriculum, from the original "rooted in reality, facing the world and facing the future" to "should inherit the fine tradition of Chinese education, pay attention to reading, accumulation and perception, and pay attention to overall grasp and edification". Obviously affirmed the traditional experience of Chinese education in China, and even made us think of some merits of traditional ignorance. In addition, it is also mentioned that the development of curriculum resources should "form a relatively stable and flexible implementation mechanism", and reasonable suggestions are put forward for the frequent and random changes of teaching materials.
(8) In terms of curriculum design ideas, two design guiding ideas have been added: First, under the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory and Theory of Three Represents, we should thoroughly implement Scientific Outlook on Development, adhere to the people-oriented principle, inherit the fine tradition of Chinese education in China, and absorb the essence of contemporary China's educational science theory. One is "pay attention to guiding students to read more and accumulate more, pay attention to the practice of using language and characters, and understand the cultural connotation and the law of using Chinese in practice." With these two guiding ideas, the direction of curriculum design will be more clear.
Course objectives and content part
(9) The overall goal has increased the contents of "stimulating imagination and creative potential", "developing sense and understanding ability", "being able to read daily books, newspapers and magazines" and "reciting 240 excellent poems (paragraphs)". It can be seen that the revised curriculum standard has taken cultivating students' imagination, creativity, reading ability and practical ability as an important goal of Chinese education.
⑽ In the first phase of literacy and writing, the revised curriculum standard changed the original "knowing 1600- 1800 commonly used Chinese characters, of which 800- 1000 can write" to "knowing 1600 commonly used Chinese characters, of which about 800 can write". The second issue of "about 2000 people can write" was reduced to "about 1600 people can write". The number of words written is reduced, which obviously embodies the idea of knowing more and writing less, which is very consistent with the physical development characteristics of children in middle and lower grades; At the same time, it is also convenient to improve the quality of writing and let students read more. In the third issue, the requirement of "striving for beauty" was added to hard pen writing, which showed that writing should also pay attention to practical results. At the same time, literacy and writing are described as "important teaching contents throughout the whole compulsory education stage", and "every primary school section should arrange 10 minutes in daily Chinese class, and practice in class under the guidance of teachers, so as to practice every day. It is necessary to enhance the awareness of practicing calligraphy in daily writing and pay attention to the effect of practicing calligraphy. " This standard is also accompanied by a Basic Word List for Literacy and Writing Teaching, which requires that "300 words in the word list" be written first. It can be seen that the revised curriculum standards put literacy and writing in an important position.
⑾ Changing the writing requirement of the first learning period from "writing your own knowledge and feelings about things around you" to "writing imaginary things" will make children more interested and help develop students' imagination.
⑿ Deleted "Where conditions permit, you can learn to use the keyboard to input Chinese characters", and this operation is likely to belong to the category of information technology! However, the requirement of "correct writing posture and good writing habits" has been increased in middle and senior grades, which shows that cultivating students' correct writing posture and good writing habits can not be achieved overnight, but needs long-term persistence and must run through the whole primary school stage, even including other subjects.
(13) The sentence "You can ask questions about what you don't understand in the text" was added, and the requirement of cultivating students' problem awareness and autonomous learning was emphasized again.
[14] In the third reading requirement, the content of "reading simple discontinuous texts and looking for valuable information from materials combined with pictures and texts" has been added, which is a new requirement to adapt to modern information processing ability. Cultivating students should not only have the ability to deal with continuous text materials, but also have the ability to deal with discontinuous texts.
⒂ Changing the requirement of "writing at least 400 words in 40 minutes" in the third issue to "writing at a certain speed" reflects the extensibility and effectiveness of writing teaching.
The goal part emphasizes the cultivation of imagination, creativity, reading ability and practical ability, and strengthens the teaching of literacy and writing.
Implement the recommendations.
Teaching suggestions include "guiding students to master Chinese learning methods", "carefully studying textbooks, correctly understanding and grasping the contents of textbooks" and "trying to explore new teaching methods under the network environment", and so on. It puts forward the key factors in teaching, such as teaching students to study, studying texts and correctly and reasonably interpreting texts, and how to innovate Chinese teaching under the new situation, which is worth our study, thinking and exploration.
⒄ "advocate reading and writing more, change the mechanical, rough and tedious working methods", "be good at learning Chinese through special topics", "pay attention to stimulating students' curiosity and thirst for knowledge, develop their thinking ability and cultivate their imagination", and emphasize "innovative spirit and practical ability", which shows a bright picture for Chinese learning under the new situation.
⒅ In reading teaching, it is proposed that "students' experience and thinking should not be replaced by modular explanations; We should be good at solving problems in reading through cooperative learning, but we should also prevent collective reading from replacing individual reading. " "It is necessary to prevent in-depth analysis word by word, and to prevent excessive play out of the text." "When reading aloud, we should respect nature and abandon the artificial tone." At the same time, it clearly explains what is "reading with emotion", which is a targeted correction to some bad tendencies in today's classroom teaching.
Pet-name ruby added: "We should attach importance to the connection between writing teaching, reading teaching and oral communication teaching, and be good at organically combining reading and writing, and speaking and writing to promote each other. It is necessary to pay attention to the quality of writing and let students regard the writing of composition as a process of practicing calligraphy. " "Actively and rationally use the advantages of information technology and network, enrich writing forms, stimulate writing interest, and increase students' opportunities for creative expression, display, communication and mutual evaluation". This description points out the strategies and requirements of exercise teaching, especially the new trend of exercise teaching under the new situation. I am particularly proud to see this. The students in our class have published novels and long plays on the internet since last semester, and their creative passion is very high. )
⒇ With regard to "comprehensive learning", the official version of the curriculum standard puts forward that comprehensive learning should be "close to real life", "improve the understanding of natural and social phenomena and problems, pursue an active, healthy and harmonious lifestyle, enhance the awareness of resisting risks and infringement, and enhance the ability to cope with the interaction between nature, society and others". These formulations are really good, which not only points out a bright right path for comprehensive learning, but also points out a bright future for children.
[2 1] The revised curriculum standards specifically explain the teaching of "Grammar and Rhetoric Knowledge". It requires "rich knowledge such as grammar, rhetoric, style, literature, etc." According to the actual needs of Chinese application in teaching, guidance and guidance should be given from the specific language examples encountered. " In order to avoid being divorced from practical application, systematic and complete lectures and drills should be conducted around the concepts and definitions of relevant knowledge. Although this explanation is very clear, I'm worried that under today's exam-oriented education, some teachers will make a fuss about it, which will eventually make both teachers and students miserable!
[22] In the suggestion of textbook compilation, it emphasizes "reflecting the foundation and stage, and paying attention to the connection between sections", thus answering the wrong idea that a few people think that what materials they get can be used as textbooks, and acknowledging the scientific and rigorous nature of textbooks. Of course, for teachers, it is more important to study the teaching materials, grasp the teaching materials as a whole, pay attention to the internal relations between the teaching materials and use the teaching materials correctly.
[23] The recommendation of excellent poems increased from 1-70 in grade 6 to 75; It is also equipped with "extracurricular reading suggestions", such as fairy tales, fables, stories, poems and essays, long literary masterpieces, popular science and science fiction works. It ensures the quantity of extracurricular reading and the implementation of teaching.