Oh, my God, I'm coming!

Prepare knowledge points for your teaching exam every day.

Just remember a little knowledge,

Hang in there, passing the exam is not a problem!

1. Teacher expectation effect: Rosenthal, also known as Pimarion effect, believes that teachers' expectations are conveyed to students in an explicit or implicit way, and students will shape their own behavior in the direction of teachers' expectations.

Pygmalion: refers to the king of a country, who is also a sculptor and has no wife. Because there is nothing that meets his needs in reality, he sculpted a female statue, imagined it as his wife, and sculpted it according to his own ideas every day. Finally, one day he touched God, and God turned this sculpture into his wife.

2. Social stereotype effect: summarize the characteristics of a group of people, and then impose this characteristic on everyone in this group, ignoring individual differences.

For example, southerners are delicate and northerners are generous. Men are brave and women are delicate.

3. Halo effect: Also known as halo effect, when someone has certain characteristics, he will make similar judgments on other characteristics. When you see a person with certain characteristics, you can't see other characteristics.

Example: Beauty is in the eye of the beholder. Love me, love my dog, one is good and the other is bad.

4. Primitive effect: also known as initial effect, the phenomenon that the information obtained at first has greater influence on the overall impression formation than the information obtained later.

Example: First impression.

The first time a student listens to a teacher's lecture, he thinks the teacher speaks well and he thinks the teacher will teach well in the future.

5. recency effect: Also known as recency effect, in the overall impression, the newly acquired information has a greater impact than the original information.

Example: A boyfriend and girlfriend quarreled because her boyfriend cheated her on this matter. She was very angry and said, "So you have been lying to me.

6. Projection effect: refers to the social and psychological phenomenon of inferring that others have the same characteristics as themselves because individuals have certain characteristics. There are two manifestations: one is that some people always explain others' speech and behavior from the good side, and the other is that some people always explain others' speech and behavior from the pregnant side.

Example: Su Shi's "Golden Buddha Effect" is suspicious of his neighbors and always tries to hurt me.

7. Hawthorne effect: Also known as Hawthorne effect, it is a reaction that the observer changes his behavior tendency after knowing that he has become the observed object.

For example, when you walk in a hospital corridor with people sitting on both sides, they will pay attention to you and find that you can't walk. When a boy finds a beautiful woman observing him, he will walk with his head held high.

8. Leniency effect: Generally speaking, individuals tend to have higher positive estimates than negative ones.

Example: I think this man can do anything.

9. South Wind Effect: Also known as South Wind Law and Warm Law, it tells us that warmth is better than cold.

La Fontaine's Fable Story

10. Barnum effect: Also known as constellation effect, I believe everyone will easily believe that a general description of his personality is especially suitable for him. Even if this description is empty, he still thinks it reflects his own personality, even if he is not such a person at all.

For example, someone reads a description of Aries: honesty, kindness and sincerity. Even if he is not Aries, he will think that this is not a description of himself.

1 1. foot in the door effect: Also known as push your luck effect, it means that once a person accepts a trivial request from others, in order to avoid cognitive disharmony or give others a consistent impression, it is possible to accept a bigger request. In general, people are reluctant to accept higher and more difficult requirements, because it is time-consuming and laborious and difficult to succeed. On the contrary, people are willing to accept smaller and easier requirements. After meeting smaller requirements, people gradually accept larger requirements.

For example, to borrow money, first 1 yuan, then 10 yuan, then 100 yuan and then 1000 yuan will gradually allow more demands.

12. Companionship effect: The efficiency of individual activities changes due to the participation of others. There are two manifestations: the increase of others will lead to the improvement of efficiency, or the increase of others will lead to the decrease of efficiency.

Example: One monk carries water to drink, two monks have no water to drink and three monks have no water to drink.

13. sour grape effect: when you feel depressed because your real needs are not met, in order to alleviate your inner anxiety, make up some "reasons" to comfort yourself, thus eliminating tension, relieving stress, freeing yourself from negative psychological states such as dissatisfaction and anxiety, and protecting yourself from harm.

For example, if you are not admitted to this institution, you will say that the salary of this institution is not high or the cultural atmosphere is not good.

14. Sweet Lemon Effect: When people fail to pursue their expected goals, they try to improve the value of the goals they have achieved in order to dilute their inner anxiety, thus achieving psychological balance and inner peace.

Example: when others have your boyfriend and no boyfriend, they will say: I am so beautiful that no one deserves me!

15. Responsibility diffusion effect: it means that when an emergency happens, if there are other people present, the responsibility shared by those present will be reduced.

For example: Chinese-style crossing the road, the law does not blame the public.