Once a natural disaster happens, the consequences are unimaginable, so I have compiled the common sense of natural disaster avoidance and self-help, so that when you encounter similar situations, you can understand how to start self-help at the first time and minimize the losses.

Emergency avoidance and self-help methods of natural disasters in rainstorm

Preparation before rainstorm

1. Check the house. If it is a dilapidated house or a low-lying place, it should be transferred in time.

2. Suspend outdoor activities, and the school can suspend classes temporarily.

3. Check whether the facilities such as circuits and fire fighting are safe, and turn off the main power switch.

4. Cover the items that are aired in the open air in advance, and put the valuables at home on the stall or high place.

5. Suspension of field work, outdoor personnel should immediately take refuge in high places or caves.

Emergency point

6. To prevent waterlogging in small areas of residential houses, water baffles, sandbags or ridges can be placed at the door according to local conditions, and people in dangerous buildings or low-lying areas can be transferred to safety in time.

7. Turn off the gas valve and the main power switch.

8. When the outdoor water overflows into the room, immediately cut off the power supply to prevent the water from being charged and hurting people.

9. Immediately stop field farming activities and outdoor activities.

10. When walking in outdoor stagnant water, pay attention to observation and walk near buildings to prevent falling into inspection wells and pits.

1 1. Pay attention to the rainstorm at night and beware of the collapse of old houses.

12. Don't ride a bike when it rains heavily. Pay attention to observation when walking in stagnant water. Prevent falling into manholes or pits or holes.

13. When the water under the road or overpass is too deep, the driver should try to bypass and avoid forced passage.

14. Don't wait in the car, get off at a high place and wait for rescue.

Expert tips

15. River is an important drainage channel in the city. Don't throw rubbish and sundries into road sewers to prevent blockage and water accumulation.

16. Residents living in bungalows should check their houses and repair their roofs before the rainy season comes.

17. Try not to go out during the rainstorm. When you have to go out, you should try to bypass the area with serious water accumulation.

18 Take precautions against mountain torrents when traveling in mountainous areas. Pay special attention when the upstream water suddenly becomes turbid and the water level rises rapidly.

Self-rescue method of hail natural disaster

Common experience

Feel hot and cold: If the hail season is cool in the morning, with high humidity and strong solar radiation at noon, resulting in strong air convection, it is easy to develop into cumulonimbus clouds and form hail. Therefore, there is a saying that "the morning is chilly, and the head is broken in the afternoon" and "the dew is heavy in the morning and the hail is fierce in the afternoon".

Identify the wind direction: there is often a strong wind before the hail, and the wind direction changes suddenly. There are some agricultural proverbs, such as "evil clouds see the wind grow, hail falls with the wind", "wind twists clouds, hail flakes" and so on. If the south wind continues to blow, the wind direction becomes northwest or north wind, and when the wind increases, hail often follows, so there is a saying that "it doesn't rain without blowing the east wind, and it doesn't rain without blowing the south wind".

Observing the cloud state: There are many proverbs around the country to explain the precursor of hail from the color of the cloud, such as "I'm not afraid of the darkness in the cloud, but I'm afraid of the white worms growing under the red Huang Yun" and "The tail of the dark cloud, Huang Yun's head, and the hail kills cattle and sheep". Because of the color of the hail, the top of the hail starts to be black, then the middle is red, forming a tangled cloud of white, black and red, and the edge of the cloud is yellow. There are also sayings that clouds are a precursor to hail, such as "the dark clouds roll into a ball in the afternoon, and the wind, rain and hail come together", "the sky is yellow and sultry, and the clouds turn over, and the Tianhe water roar to prevent hail". It shows that the air convection is extremely strong, and the clouds develop rapidly, like smoke going straight up and down, and the clouds roll up and down, which is easy to hail.

Listen to the thunder: the thunder is dull. In succession, the masses called this kind of thunder "Remore". Therefore, there is a saying that there is nothing wrong with thunder, and it is boring to lay an egg. This is because the frequency of horizontal flash in hail cloud is higher than that of vertical flash, and the range is wide The thunder and echoes emitted by various parts of lightning are mixed together and sound continuous.

Understanding lightning: Generally, lightning in hail clouds is mostly inter-cloud lightning, that is, "horizontal lightning", which shows that the process of forming hail in clouds is very difficult. Therefore, there is a saying that "vertical lightning can come, and horizontal lightning can prevent hail disasters".

Look at the image: Look at the image and have a lot of experience in hail measurement. For example, there are proverbs in Guizhou, such as "the geese fly low, the hail will come quickly", "the willow leaves fly, and the sky hails", and in Shanxi, there are "cattle and sheep don't lie on the beam at noon, beware of hail in the afternoon" and "the grass is white and the hail is steady". It should be noted that the above experience can not be judged by only one article, but should be comprehensively analyzed and applied.

Preventive and control measures

Commonly used artificial hail suppression methods are:

1. Send silver iodide, lead iodide, dry ice and other catalysts directly to the cloud with rockets, anti-aircraft guns or airplanes;

2. On the ground, silver iodide, lead iodide, dry ice and other catalysts are sent to the free atmosphere before the formation of cumulonimbus clouds, so that these substances play the role of hail embryos in hail clouds, making hail embryos larger and hail smaller;

3. Fire rockets and anti-aircraft guns at the hail cloud on the ground, or fire rockets and bombs at the hail cloud on the plane to destroy part of the transportation of the hail cloud;

4. Sprinkle condensation nuclei on warm clouds with rockets and anti-aircraft guns to make the clouds form precipitation, so as to reduce the water in the clouds; In the cold cloud, some ice cores are scattered to inhibit the growth of hail embryos.

Common agricultural production methods are:

5. Planting grass and trees in hail-prone areas, increasing forest area, improving landform environment, destroying hail cloud conditions, and achieving the purpose of reducing hail disasters;

6. Planting crops with strong hail resistance and resilience;

7. Harvest mature crops in time;

8. In the hail season in the area hit by hail, farmers carry hail suppression tools, such as bamboo baskets and wicker baskets, to reduce personal injury.

Emergency avoidance and self-rescue method for lightning natural disasters

Lightning protection description

The lightning current generated when lightning occurs is the main source of harm, and its harm includes direct lightning strike, induced lightning strike and intrusive lightning guided by overhead lines. For example, overhead lines used in various lighting, telecommunications and other facilities may introduce lightning into the room, so strict preventive measures should be taken.

Lightning-prone part

1. Tall buildings, storage tanks, etc. Lack of lightning protection devices or unqualified lightning protection devices.

2. Metal roof without good grounding

3. Buildings and trees in wet or open areas.

Due to the conductivity of flue gas, chimneys are particularly vulnerable to lightning strikes.

There is a radio in the building, but there is no lightning arrester and no good grounding.

Lightning protection method

Emergency point:

6. Pay attention to close the doors and windows. Indoor personnel should stay away from doors and windows, water pipes, gas pipes and other metal objects.

7. Turn off household appliances and unplug the power plug to prevent lightning from invading from the power cord.

8. When you are outdoors, you should avoid it in time and don't stay in the open field. When there is nowhere to hide in the open field, you should try to find a pit and other low-lying places to hide, or immediately squat down to lower your body height.

9. Stay away from isolated trees, towers, telephone poles and billboards.

10. Immediately stop outdoor swimming, boating, fishing and other water activities.

1 1. If many people live outdoors, don't crowd each other to prevent current from passing each other after lightning strike.

Expert tip:

12. Lightning protection devices must be installed in high-rise buildings to prevent lightning disasters.

13. Don't use your mobile phone outdoors.

14. People who have been struck by lightning should be rescued by cardiopulmonary resuscitation immediately.

15. Take a shower as little as possible in thunderstorm weather, and users of solar water heaters should not take a shower.

Emergency avoidance and self-rescue method for mountain torrents and natural disasters

Flash flood first aid

Heavy rain may also lead to flash floods. If you are in a mountainous area when it rains heavily, you should pay attention to the following points when there are flash floods.

1. Keep calm and move to a higher place as soon as possible.

Don't run along the spillway, but quickly avoid to both sides.

Never wade across the river easily.

4. If you are trapped by mountain torrents, you should contact the local authorities in time, or send a distress signal for help.

Self-help method

In mountainous areas, when suddenly hit by heavy rain, the river water will increase rapidly, and it is easy to burst into flash floods. The characteristics of mountain torrents are sudden and explosive. When walking and resting in mountainous areas, we should always pay attention to the abnormal changes around the site and the optional evacuation and self-help methods. In the event of an abnormal situation, evacuate the scene quickly.

5. When threatened by flood, it should be moved to hillside and highland in an organized way.

6. When suddenly attacked by flash floods, be calm, don't panic, and evacuate as soon as possible. When leaving the site, you should choose the nearest safe route to run horizontally along the hillside, and never run down the hillside or downstream along the valley exit.

7. Mountain torrents are fast and have a big rise. Don't swim easily to avoid being washed away by mountain torrents. Attention should also be paid to prevent landslides, rolling stones and mudslides when flash floods occur.

8. When suddenly trapped by floods in high hills, terraces or residential buildings with solid foundations, in hilly environment, no matter whether one person or many people are alone, they just need to wait for rescue in an orderly manner or wait for the steep flash floods to subside.

9. If you are caught off guard and trapped in a low-lying creek bank, mound or wooden house by flood, and have communication conditions in an emergency, you can use communication tools to report the flood situation and the trapped situation to the local flood control department and seek rescue; If there are no communication conditions, you can set off fireworks or wave brightly colored clothes back and forth or collectively call for help. At the same time, floating objects such as boats, rafts, door panels and wooden beds should be used as much as possible to transfer water.

10. If the high-voltage tower is found to be skewed, the wires are drooping or broken, stay away from danger, and do not touch or approach it to prevent electric shock.

1 1. After the flood, we should do a good job in health and epidemic prevention, pay attention to drinking water hygiene and food hygiene, and avoid infectious diseases.

Residents in plain areas and low-lying areas who have no time to move are often easily submerged or besieged by floods. If this happens, the usual effective methods are:

12. Arrange family members to move to the roof to try to stabilize their mood.

13. Send out distress signals as far as possible and get in touch with the outside world as soon as possible so as to get timely rescue.

14. Use drifts such as bamboo and wood to escort family members to nearby tall buildings or safer places.

I hope that the above little knowledge can help you save yourself in case of unexpected situations in your future production and life, and reduce and alleviate your losses.