Since the 1980s, developed countries in Europe and America have divided the types of teachers they have trained into? Technology? And then what? Expert? Two kinds. ? Technology? The cultivation of teachers is a traditional teaching mode of subject knowledge plus educational theory, focusing on cultivating the teaching skills of future teachers. ? Expert teacher? The training mode is completely different, and its degree of specialization is through? Practical knowledge? Concrete. Practical knowledge is situational, case-based, comprehensive, hidden and individual. Therefore, this training mode pays more attention to teachers' subjective position and teaching experience, and pays attention to teachers' independent growth. Teachers should think like doctors, constantly criticize and make decisions in the process of situational and case-based teaching and problem-solving, so as to make their practice clear and make themselves grow professionally, so as to cope with complex and changeable teaching situations in their long career. Such situational learning should become the professional lifestyle of normal students. This is different from general reflection, because reflection cannot be self-sufficient. There is reflection and advanced theory, so it will promote the professional growth of teachers in the future. Primary education is a multidisciplinary research field. Normal students, as future primary school teachers, mainly do not do professional academic research, but go deep into practice and do situational research. The so-called situational research has three meanings. The first is to study how the specific teaching purpose can be transformed into effective teaching. In the teaching process, primary school teachers should not only pay attention to the content of knowledge itself, but also pay attention to the presentation form of knowledge. Educational skills, in the final analysis, are how teachers put knowledge. Academic form? Turn it into knowledge that the educational object can easily understand and accept? Education form? Ability? . The second is to study the problems in specific teaching. The third is to do research on students' personality characteristics. This kind of situational research is a kind of in-depth practical situational research. The reason why it is different from the general skill-based practice is that this kind of practice is based on the development of students, carefully designed and full of academic connotation, and the designer or instructor of this kind of practice is often a university teacher. The School of Primary Education of Capital Normal University has actively explored this. First of all, the integrated model design of curriculum learning, practical teaching and project research: curriculum learning-practice (4 weeks)-reflection-promotion-practice (6 weeks)? Project research, that is, students learn the relevant theories of primary education and teaching under the guidance of professional teachers, and at the same time design the task of going to school and then going to the countryside for internship (4 weeks, rural areas). After returning to school, I will continue to attend classes. The main content is to communicate, reflect and improve under the guidance of teachers. On this basis, they go to school for internship (6 weeks, downtown), and form a research topic after returning to school to lay the foundation for their graduation thesis. Secondly, according to the comprehensive characteristics of primary education, a multi-disciplinary teacher guidance group was set up during the students' two internships, and the first-line primary school teachers worked together to complete the student internship guidance task. Here, university teachers are not only organization managers, but also academic tutors for students' practice. Of course, to engage in such practical guidance, teachers must always be in the research state.
Fourthly, community: the guarantee of practice orientation.
The purpose of establishing cooperative community between universities and primary and secondary schools is to promote the professional development of normal students and in-service teachers. This cooperative community is a new exploration of international teacher education reform and basic education development, a new way of education specialization and lifelong integration, and a new model of teacher education based on equal cooperation between universities and primary and secondary schools. It is the growth of practical wisdom and children's growth, and it is the construction and application of colorful theories. Open up infinite possibilities.
Modern education view holds that teacher education is practical and reflective in nature. Primary school teacher education is a highly practical major, which must be oriented to the actual needs of basic education, which requires that the talent training process originally completed by universities independently be transformed into the talent training process jointly completed by universities and primary schools. ? Face-to-face primary school, suburban education practice project? It's called. Engineering? Its significance lies not only in completing students' internship tasks. Engineering? What is the main idea? Universities and primary schools work together to build a long-term cooperative community and explore and practice a new model of pre-service and post-service integration of primary school teachers' education? . This community embodies the construction concept of pluralistic cooperation and harmonious symbiosis. It introduces universities and primary schools into an open, continuous, joint participation, change and development framework, and promotes the interaction, integration and complementary advantages of the two cultures through the construction of community, thus realizing the common promotion of universities and primary schools. This? The basic ways to build a cooperative community include the following three aspects.
(1) Seeking support through service —— Starting with the training of primary school teachers, is primary school a university? Look up? Stay at a respectful distance from sb? Attitude. To realize the cooperation between universities and primary schools, universities should first bend down, put down their airs and serve primary schools wholeheartedly, and the advantage and breakthrough point of universities serving primary schools is teacher training. Here, the effectiveness and pertinence of training is particularly important.
For a long time, the normal education system in China has determined that most primary school teachers have not received formal higher education. Under the background of the implementation of the new curriculum reform, what are the primary school teachers thinking? How to teach? At the same time, more and more people realize that the defect of their own theoretical basis is a big obstacle to the implementation of the new curriculum reform. To this end, our hospital explored and established in practice? Practice-oriented and close to the subject? The real situation. A little problem? High evaluation? The cultivation mode of. This model requires trainers to go deep into the teaching fields of primary schools, start from the real educational situation faced by teachers, start from the small problems existing in the real classroom situation, guide teachers to contact with relevant theories, re-examine the common educational problems they face, re-recognize education, students, courses and disciplines, and then return to the real educational situation to realize teachers' professional development in such a cycle. This training mode has been widely recognized by primary schools, and more and more primary schools have put forward the intention of continuing cooperation with our hospital.
(2) Construction of base schools? _ Promote the all-round development of primary schools
It is not only the value pursuit of every principal, but also the soft environment construction to promote teachers' professional development by combining teachers' professional development with the overall development of the school and realizing the formation of characteristic brands in primary schools. To this end, in? Send Pei to school? On this basis, the School of Primary Education of Capital Normal University has carefully established the Beijing 1 1 primary school teacher education and research base school. The main purpose of the construction of base schools is to upgrade the service of universities to primary schools from teacher training to school construction, including the general idea of school development, core competitiveness, the formation of distinctive brands, school management and specific implementation steps. After five years of construction, preliminary results have been achieved. In 2008, three of the 36 primary schools in this district won the Beijing Basic Education Teaching Achievement Award (government award), and all three were won by base schools. In addition, the base school also published six school-building series, which had a wide influence in Beijing.
(3) form a cooperative community? Achieve a win-win situation for universities and primary schools.
Based on teacher training and the construction of base schools, the cooperative community between universities and primary schools adheres to the principle of mutual benefit and win-win between universities and primary schools, and becomes the entity of primary school teachers' professional development, the base of pre-service primary school teachers' training and the experimental school of university teachers' education and research. University teachers and students learn fresh practical wisdom from primary school frontline education, feed back the education of university teachers, improve the pre-service training mode of primary school teachers, improve the professional level of students, and achieve a win-win situation for both universities and primary schools. In 2009, the undergraduate training of the college won the second prize of national teaching achievement and the first prize of Beijing higher education teaching achievement respectively, and the cooperative community construction won the Beijing basic education teaching achievement award, and the first batch won the title of national specialty.
The construction of cooperative community between universities and primary schools is the guarantee of the educational practice orientation of primary school teachers in China, and it also reflects the general trend of contemporary international teacher education development. Universities and primary and secondary schools, university teachers and primary school teachers, normal students and primary school students can all benefit from it and achieve common development.