The first part of the guiding paper for college students' innovation and entrepreneurship: innovation and entrepreneurship education for college students
Abstract: In order to adapt to the development of the times, it is imperative to carry out innovation and entrepreneurship education for college students. At present, the weak links of innovation and entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities in China mainly include unreasonable curriculum design, insufficient teachers, conservative ideas and insufficient social support. By building a scientific curriculum education system, building excellent teachers, strengthening the construction of practice bases, improving policy support, and accelerating the development of creative space, under the social environment conducive to mass entrepreneurship and vigorously developing innovation, college students' innovation and entrepreneurship education will stimulate the passion of more young college students and gather into great kinetic energy for economic and social development.
[Keywords:] college students; Innovation and entrepreneurship; education
1 Main Problems in Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education in Colleges and Universities
1. 1 There are not enough teachers.
Innovation and entrepreneurship education requires teachers to have both theoretical knowledge of related disciplines and practical experience in entrepreneurship. According to the requirements of the International Labour Organization, lecturers engaged in innovation and entrepreneurship training must receive formal teacher training and obtain the qualification certificate of innovation and entrepreneurship lecturers; Teaching students must be controlled in small classes with less than 20 students. At present, colleges and universities lack innovative and entrepreneurial teachers with qualifications and insight into the development prospects of disciplines. Although all colleges and universities have basically set up the guiding course of innovation and entrepreneurship education according to the requirements of the Ministry of Education, due to the shortage of teachers, the course basically stays at the teaching level of theoretical courses. Colleges and universities have not realized the importance of innovation and entrepreneurship education to the overall and long-term development of the school, and the school has not yet built a professional teaching staff, which is basically replaced by administrative personnel; Lack of financial support, lack of system guarantee, lack of teaching skills, teaching effect is difficult to guarantee [1].
1.2 thoughts are behind the times.
Many colleges and universities understand innovation and entrepreneurship education as providing guidance for college students' entrepreneurial activities, and think that innovation and entrepreneurship education is to solve the work problems of graduates with employment difficulties. Innovation and entrepreneurship education are closely related to entrepreneurship, but they are completely different in nature. The purpose of innovation and entrepreneurship education is to cultivate students' awareness of innovation and entrepreneurship and improve their comprehensive quality. The essence of innovation and entrepreneurship education is to cultivate students' ability to think, analyze and handle things, and to spread the spirit of innovation and entrepreneurship to students. Colleges and universities are not simply places for vocational skills training [2].
The curriculum design of 1.3 is unreasonable and the model needs to be improved.
Many college students' innovation and entrepreneurship education is still based on? Classroom teaching? As the core, students' subjective enthusiasm is not brought into play, and students lack opportunities for active participation and practice, which affects the effect of innovation and entrepreneurship education. Although more and more college teachers are engaged in innovation and entrepreneurship education, they can only provide a few basic courses because they are not included in the national unified discipline construction system and have not formed an independent innovation and entrepreneurship curriculum system, lacking discipline independence, pertinence and systematicness. Innovation and entrepreneurship education in Chinese universities is still in the stage of learning and exploration, and there is no stable and mature education model, which makes the work arrangement and curriculum design lack of long-term nature.
1.4 lacks an ideal social environment for innovation and entrepreneurship.
Although the country strongly advocates the concept of innovation and entrepreneurship, the guidance and support for innovation and entrepreneurship education in practical work is not enough. In the evaluation index system of talent training, there is a lack of relevant content of innovation and entrepreneurship education, and more attention is paid to a few people? Entrepreneurial activities, not most people? Innovation and entrepreneurship education? Everyone hopes to ease the employment pressure in the short term through entrepreneurship. Capital is the bottleneck of innovation and entrepreneurship education practice in colleges and universities. At present, the main solutions are the risk fund set up by the government, the social risk fund and the fund set up by the school itself, but the amount is very limited, which makes many good ideas aborted.
2 innovation and entrepreneurship education construction ideas
2. 1 Strengthen the construction of teaching staff and build a high-level teaching staff.
In order to educate college students on innovation and entrepreneurship, enlighten their innovative consciousness and cultivate their entrepreneurial spirit, we must have a team of high-quality teachers. The main body of the team should be professional teachers with professional knowledge and ability. At the same time, we can also hire successful social entrepreneurs and social professionals as part-time tutors or consultants. Improve the mechanism of teacher selection and training, and give inclined support from the aspects of teaching assessment, professional title evaluation, training and learning, and scientific research funds; Organize regular internal teacher training and exchanges, supervise and encourage each other, and constantly improve the level of teachers' teaching research and guiding students' practice [3]. At the same time, the school should also give full play to the guiding role of counselors among college students, and use the role of small and micro associations such as class meetings, exchange meetings and fellow villagers' associations to stimulate the inspiration of innovation and entrepreneurship in collective activities.
2.2 Build a scientific curriculum education system and improve the systematic teaching evaluation system.
We should delete outdated knowledge, deepen the teaching content of innovation and entrepreneurship education, increase the content of cutting-edge new knowledge and modern science and technology, clarify the subject position of innovation and entrepreneurship, advocate the combination of innovation and entrepreneurship education and professional education, integrate innovation and entrepreneurship knowledge into the study of students' basic knowledge and professional knowledge, run innovation and entrepreneurship education through the whole process of university education, and provide systematic and diverse innovation and entrepreneurship education to college students from the beginning of enrollment, and set up a certain number of public elective courses of innovation and entrepreneurship to meet the needs of college students at different levels. This paper systematically evaluates innovation and entrepreneurship education from three aspects: teaching effect, personnel training and project benefit.
2.3 Strengthen the construction of training incubation base to improve the practical operation ability of college students.
Innovation and entrepreneurship education has strong knowledge integration and social practicality, and practical education is an indispensable key link in innovation and entrepreneurship education. Colleges and universities should make use of their own conditions, integrate social resources and build different levels of entrepreneurial practice training platforms. On the one hand, make use of the existing places of the school to transform and create entrepreneurial laboratories, entrepreneurial parks and entrepreneurial incubation bases. , equipped with the necessary facilities, the construction of campus practice base, to create conditions for students to experience entrepreneurship; On the other hand, we can give full play to alumni resources, cooperate with factories and mines, establish off-campus entrepreneurship practice bases, create conditions for students to get out of campus classrooms, get close to the business environment, and learn business operations and practical skills such as technology research and development, product development and marketing in practice [4].
2.4 Improve the policy support system and accelerate the development of creative space.
Further improve the policy support system for college students' entrepreneurship, and provide support in personnel management, household registration management, tax reduction and exemption, bank loans, and scientific and technological innovation. Set up special funds for college students' entrepreneurship, provide entrepreneurship subsidies and social insurance subsidies for college students' entrepreneurship, lower the threshold for college students' entrepreneurial loans, increase the intensity of small secured loans, and provide financial support for college students' independent entrepreneurship. The government plays a guiding role to accelerate the development of mass creation space. Use creative space to bring together grassroots scientists, provide a space for exchanging ideas, and create a space for mutual learning and encouragement? Community style? Innovative and entrepreneurial atmosphere; Give play to the role of government venture capital guidance fund and fiscal and taxation policies, and give support to small and medium-sized scientific and technological enterprises in seed stage and initial stage.
3 Conclusion
With the increasingly active activities of innovation and entrepreneurship in China, the contribution of innovation and entrepreneurship to national and local economic development has become increasingly prominent, and vigorously carrying out innovation and entrepreneurship education has become the general consensus of colleges and universities in China. The state and society should increase financial input, provide information consultation, entrepreneurship exchange, training and counseling, investment and financing docking services for innovation and entrepreneurship teams, and tap and cultivate outstanding entrepreneurial projects and teams; Carry out extensive media publicity, widely spread entrepreneurial culture, and display and publicize typical figures and advanced deeds of innovation and entrepreneurship. Schools, society and the state work together to keep up with the development of the times, and mass entrepreneurship and innovation will surely become the fashion of the whole society.
References:
Governor of Li Yaguang. Mass entrepreneurship and innovation? Research on the Training Mode of Entrepreneurial Talents in Colleges and Universities under the Background [J]. Time Finance, 20 15( 14).
[2] Tan Guangxing. Theoretical Research on the Implementation Framework of Entrepreneurship Education for College Students [J]. Jiangxi Education Research, 2006( 1 1).
[3] Ding Zhaoqiao, Wang. Discussion on the Cultivation of Innovative and Entrepreneurial Talents for College Students? Take Guangdong University of Science and Technology as an example [J]. Human resource management, 20 15( 1).
[4] Li Tao, Xu Genfang. Reflections on the construction of high-quality innovative and entrepreneurial talents [J]. Industry and Technology Forum, 20 14( 13)
The second part of the guiding paper for college students' innovation and entrepreneurship: a study on the education model of college students' innovation and entrepreneurship
At present, China pays more and more attention to the cultivation of innovative compound talents, but the innovation and entrepreneurship education of college students is often carried out in the form of fun activity groups or extracurricular activities, and it is still in a state of unplanned, low-level and low-level management. Firstly, this paper analyzes the core content of innovation and entrepreneurship education for college students; Secondly, it discusses the management mode of college students' innovation and entrepreneurship education; Finally, it is pointed out that in order to better provide all-round services for college students' entrepreneurship, it is necessary to improve laws and regulations and create a good policy and institutional environment.
Keywords: college students; Innovative education; Entrepreneurship education; management mode
In recent years, China has paid more and more attention to the cultivation of innovative and compound talents, and the innovation and entrepreneurship education of college students has gradually become? Xianxue? Many colleges and universities have done a lot of exploration and research on college students' innovation and entrepreneurship education, accumulated a lot of valuable experience and achieved gratifying results. [1] However, at present, China's higher education is still influenced by traditional ideas, and the mode of innovation and entrepreneurship education for college students is still relatively simple. College students' innovation and entrepreneurship education is often carried out in the form of fun activity groups or extracurricular activities, rather than in the form of training or courses, so it is still in an unsystematic, unplanned and low-level management state. [2] The traditional single method obviously cannot adapt to the new situation of cultivating innovative and entrepreneurial talents. Therefore, it is necessary to build a perfect and systematic integrated management education model that combines college students' entrepreneurship and innovation, and promote entrepreneurship with college students' innovation activities and innovation education, which complement each other and gradually improve the new education model, thus promoting the cultivation of innovative and entrepreneurial talents.
First, the core content of college students' innovation and entrepreneurship education
1. Consciousness education
College students' innovation and entrepreneurship education is first of all a kind of spiritual and conceptual education, but its essence is quality education. The purpose of college students' innovation and entrepreneurship education is to comprehensively and systematically educate students' psychological quality, personality quality and team management ability, so as to cultivate college students with innovative and entrepreneurial spirit.
2. Knowledge and ability education
In today's society, with innovative consciousness and entrepreneurial spirit, you may not succeed. Another necessary condition is to have strong innovation and entrepreneurship ability, skills and communication and management ability. With these skills, the road to innovation and entrepreneurship can be smooth. The direction of college students' innovation and entrepreneurship should be high-tech industries, so they must have the ability of continuous innovation and certain core technologies, because only with advanced core technologies can college students' entrepreneurship be competitive and the team can gradually develop and grow. Innovation and entrepreneurship is a challenging and arduous systematic project, and it is difficult for one person to become stronger and bigger. Therefore, establishing a well-defined and coordinated team is the key to the success of innovation and entrepreneurship.
3. Practical education
College students' innovation and entrepreneurship education is a practical educational activity, and the cultivation of innovation and entrepreneurship ability and theoretical education must be combined with social practice activities. For example, we can open laboratories and reference rooms, establish practical practice bases, establish online simulation laboratories, and establish practice bases with enterprises and institutions to give college students more practical opportunities; It is also necessary to arrange experienced instructors for guidance, focusing on cultivating college students' practical ability and improving their practical ability.
Second, the management mode of college students' innovation and entrepreneurship education
1. Establish a curriculum model.
Curriculum system has always been the key content of college students' innovation and entrepreneurship education, but at present, most areas in China lack college students' innovation and entrepreneurship courses. Therefore, it is urgent to establish a multi-type and multi-level curriculum system including knowledge, consciousness, practice and ability of innovation and entrepreneurship. We need to make a suitable and scientific training plan for innovative and entrepreneurial talents, and ensure that it can run through the four-year education of college students.
2. Innovative talent training mode
As the core issue of education quality, talent training mode is also the key content of teaching reform. Among them, innovative training modes can be divided into the following categories: ① Vertical expansion mode. We will implement the modes of technical major+management minor, technical major+economic minor, etc. Reform the previous training mode of professional and technical personnel, pay attention to extending the technical design and production process of products to marketing and sales, and strengthen cooperation with enterprises to run schools so that students can not only master professional technology, but also understand the production and operation process. ② Lateral widening mode. For management, economics, foreign languages, law and other majors, on the basis of ensuring students' basic skills, basic knowledge and basic theories, we will increase curriculum modules that reflect the basic theories and knowledge of professional technology, broaden them to similar disciplines and related professional fields, broaden their professional scope and enhance their adaptability to society. ③ Basic plus module mode. For students majoring in science and engineering, in order to cultivate talents urgently needed by the society, it is necessary to adjust the professional direction according to the needs of the profession, so that students can choose course modules according to the needs of the society and their hobbies. ④ The mode of combining Industry-University-Research. Implement the scientific research plan for college students and encourage them to actively participate in the practice of enterprises and institutions and the scientific research work of teachers. At the same time, teachers can also feed industrial practice and the latest achievements back to the classroom in time, or integrate them into teaching materials, so that teaching activities can extend to the front line of market and scientific research, thus optimizing students' practical teaching links. In addition, students' participation in scientific research activities can strengthen the scientific spirit and entrepreneurial consciousness of pragmatic innovation and enhance their practical ability.
3. Optimize the management mode
In order to realize the overall cooperation with all walks of life and relevant government functional departments, and build a high-quality and efficient service and management system based on the concerted efforts and close cooperation of various subsystems in colleges and universities, it is necessary to implement all-round and whole-process tracking, consulting, service, diagnosis and refined management for all stages of the whole activity process. ① preparation period. Emphasis is placed on the education and cultivation of quality, consciousness, ability and spirit, so as to enhance students' basic ability and quality. This stage can be achieved through school education and training. ② Early stage. Provide students with certain financing, policies, places and technical support, and arrange tutors to guide and solve problems in time. This stage needs not only the training and education of schools, but also the support of all sectors of society, government policies and correct guidance and understanding. ③ Mid-term. Provide students with certain follow-up, consultation and diagnosis services to guide students to grow up healthily; At the same time, the school can feed back the experience it has gained and the lessons it should learn to the teaching process of college students' innovation and entrepreneurship in time.
4. Improve laws, regulations, policies and institutional environment.
Innovation and entrepreneurship education for college students is a very complicated systematic project, which should be the common behavior of colleges, society and government, rather than a simple educational behavior of colleges and universities. Therefore, only with the joint efforts of all parties can we achieve better results. College students' innovation and entrepreneurship education is still in its infancy in China, and there is no sound legal system, so college students' innovation and entrepreneurship will definitely encounter great risks and difficulties. Therefore, the government needs to be based on? Actively guide, encourage and support, safeguard rights and interests, and improve services? Principles and policies will expand the space for college students' innovation and entrepreneurship activities, strengthen services, improve policies and optimize the environment. For example, it can provide small loan guarantee and guarantee fund for college students' innovation and entrepreneurship; Standardize the administrative examination and approval of college students' innovation and entrepreneurship, and simplify the procedures for examination and approval.
Three. Concluding remarks
The main purpose of carrying out innovation and entrepreneurship education for college students is to cultivate their innovation and entrepreneurship spirit and consciousness, enhance their innovation and entrepreneurship ability, and strengthen the guidance for college students' innovation and entrepreneurship practice activities. Therefore, in order to promote the healthy development of college students' innovation and entrepreneurship education, we must establish a systematic and comprehensive education curriculum system, reform the talent training model, establish a service management model with the government as the leading factor, universities as the undertaker and enterprises as the auxiliary participants, and gradually form a new mechanism for cultivating innovative and entrepreneurial talents; In addition, it is necessary to improve the management system, give certain preferential policies in finance and taxation, encourage college students to innovate and start businesses, increase the cultural environment construction and publicity reports on college students' innovative and entrepreneurial activities, and form an excellent talent growth soil and cultural atmosphere. Only in this way can we cultivate comprehensive talents with the ability of innovation and entrepreneurship.
References:
Sun Xiaomei. On the function of college students' entrepreneurial base and the cultivation of innovative and entrepreneurial talents [J]. Heilongjiang Higher Education Research, 20 14, (1):120-122.
[2] Lu. On the modernization of education and the cultivation of college students' innovative and entrepreneurial ability [J]. Experimental Technology and Management, 2013,25 (2):143-147.
How to guide college students' innovation and entrepreneurship training?
National, provincial and university innovation and entrepreneurship training programs are an effective way to improve college students' innovation ability and an important part of quality education for college students. Based on many years' experience in guiding college students' innovation and entrepreneurship training programs and other students' scientific research projects, this paper analyzes how to improve innovation and entrepreneurship training programs at all levels and cultivate college students' innovation ability and comprehensive quality, so as to provide reference for realizing college students' training goals.
Keywords college students; Innovation and entrepreneurship training program; teacher
The innovation and entrepreneurship training plan for college students is the demand of building an innovative country, aiming at stimulating and cultivating college students' innovative thinking and awareness, and improving their comprehensive quality and practical ability [1]. In the process of implementation, how to realize the goal of cultivating college students' innovation and entrepreneurship is discussed from the perspective of the instructor.
For a long time, China has been focusing on exam-oriented education, and the basic education system, educational concepts and teachers' quality are all restricting the realization of innovation. College students, in particular, show poor innovation ability after being admitted. How to get rid of the exam-oriented education mode in primary and secondary schools, adapt to the college life with a certain weight of autonomous learning as soon as possible, and cultivate college students' creative ability is a difficult point, and it is also the focus of college students' training.
There are the following problems for college students to participate in the innovation and entrepreneurship training program: first, the direction is not clear enough and they don't know what to do; Second, there is a lack of sources of problems. The platform education in the first two years made students lack professional knowledge and have no way to start. Third, lack of observation, can not find problems independently. In view of the above problems, we need to take measures to solve them one by one in practice.
1 Clear the direction and let students learn to ask questions.
The biggest difference between college students and middle school students is that they have a clear career development direction during their college years. However, the first two years of college study are mainly based on basic learning, which makes it more difficult for college students to participate in innovative projects. Junior students don't know what to do, let alone how to do it. The solutions are as follows: First, career planning education and professional introduction education are carried out after entering school, so that students can initially understand their professional nature and content after graduation; Second, students enter the teacher's studio or research room as soon as possible to participate in the teacher's scientific research projects; Third, as a participant, take part in advanced creative projects, exercise and study first, have a clear professional direction and understanding, and know what to do and how to do it, then you can undertake the project independently.
Try to practice first and then theory? Inverted? Extracurricular professional practice education. So-called? Inverted? Extracurricular professional education means that extracurricular professional practice is earlier than professional theoretical study, and students participate in teachers' scientific research projects and professional practice in the lower grades, so that students can get to know their majors first, and guide professional theoretical study with the findings and problems in practice, thus realizing the mutual promotion process from practice to theory and then to practice.
Exploring? Inverted? The theory and practice of extracurricular professional education mode enable students to systematically carry out extracurricular professional training from the moment they enter school, so as to deepen their knowledge and understanding of the major, organically combine their own perception of the major with professional basic teaching, and achieve a targeted goal, thus promoting students' professional interest and improving the quality of in-class teaching, and achieving the training goal of cultivating students' comprehensive quality and innovation ability and improving the social competitiveness of graduates.
Students have a preliminary understanding of the major in extracurricular professional practice, and they can also think about some problems in the practice process and ask questions based on their own understanding. After students ask questions, they need to guide teachers to actively guide them on how to design and implement solutions.
2 Actively lead
It is the requirement of the times and the development of national economy and science and technology to infiltrate the cultivation of college students' innovative consciousness and ability into the whole process of education and cultivate high-quality talents with certain innovative ability. However, it is difficult to achieve the goal of cultivating students' innovative ability in the teaching methods and curriculum settings of colleges and universities in China. The main reason is that students can't think and ask questions, and it is difficult to find a solution to the problem. When you encounter problems, you should ask the teacher for help first. Such problems cannot be entirely blamed on students. As a teacher, we should reflect on whether we have taught students how to think in the teaching process.
In fact, teachers are used to giving students answers, giving lectures mainly, and teaching people to fish instead of teaching people to fish. How to cultivate innovative thinking in this way? Therefore, we need to think about our role as teachers. When students encounter problems, they should not simply give answers, but analyze the problems, so that students can make judgments in the process of analyzing the problems and exercise their ability to analyze and solve problems.
When students come into contact with a project for the first time, they are often at a loss. They don't know what they want to do or what problems they want to solve. However, teachers' active guidance and discussion-based inspiration are needed, so that students can make plans first and analyze the problems existing in the plans. After several similar analyses, when students encounter problems again, they will think first, find a solution, and then discuss with the teacher. In this way, students can not only find problems in the experiment process, but also find ways to solve them, and they learn scientific thinking.
3 team awareness training
A person's strength is limited, so teamwork is particularly important, and it is also the basis for future career success. Therefore, cultivating students' cooperative spirit and ability of unity and cooperation is particularly important for their future development, and it is also one of the key factors to complete innovative projects with good quality and quantity.
In the process of guiding students to innovate projects, teachers should pay special attention to the cultivation of students' spirit of unity and cooperation in the management of project teams, give the project leader full autonomy and be responsible for the project plan and implementation. In this process, we should give full play to the role of each member and mobilize the enthusiasm of members. At the same time, members of the project team should also obey the management of the project leader, and Qi Xin should work together and be responsible for the division of labor, and work together for the smooth implementation of the project.
In the process of project implementation, if there are differences, the tutor is responsible for coordination, giving reasonable suggestions and macro-control, mainly relying on students to solve problems themselves, and consciously cultivating and training students' problem-solving ability.
4. Attend high-level seminars
College students have strong plasticity and need to be given free space for innovation. The innovative training plan aims at cultivating and improving the innovative ability of college students, and broadening horizons is one of the key elements of innovative training. It is of great practical significance to let college students feel the academic atmosphere and get in touch with professional academic frontiers by attending graduate seminars, guiding teachers' project progress or regular summary meetings, and then participating in discussions, so as to broaden their thinking and cultivate their innovative thinking and ability to analyze and solve problems.
By attending high-level seminars, students can also weaken their awe and sense of distance from academic shrines, improve their courage to question academic issues, enhance their self-confidence, and think more scientifically and rationally.
5 conclusion
The national college students' innovation and entrepreneurship training plan aims to establish effective ways to cultivate students' innovative consciousness, innovative thinking, ability to analyze and solve problems, as well as extracurricular teamwork consciousness and organization and coordination ability, cultivate college students' active learning and self-study ability, and stimulate their creativity.
Through three years' guiding practice, it is obvious that students' scientific attitude, cooperative spirit and self-study ability have made great progress, and the influence of the big innovation project is increasing day by day, and more and more students are participating in the project. How to accomplish the predetermined goals and tasks with good quality and quantity in the implementation of Dachuang project still needs to guide teachers and students to work together and explore.
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