1. Don't be too hungry or too full when you go into the water. Don't go into the water for an hour after meals to avoid cramps;

2. Try the water temperature before entering the water. If the water is too cold, don't go into the water.

3. Swimming in rivers, lakes and seas must be accompanied by someone, not swimming alone;

4. Observe the swimming environment before launching. You can't swim here if there is a danger warning.

Don't swim in the canyon with unclear geographical environment. The water in these places is different in depth and cold, and obstacles may hurt people in the water, which is very unsafe;

6. Before diving, make sure that the water depth here is at least 3 meters, and there are no weeds, rocks or other obstacles underwater. It is safer to enter the water with your feet first;

7. When swimming in the sea, you should be parallel to the coastline. Those who are not skilled in swimming or lack of physical strength should not get involved in the depths. Make a mark on the coast, pay attention to whether you are washed too far, and adjust the direction in time to ensure safety.

Second, how to prevent lower limb cramps when swimming?

You must warm up before swimming. You should consider your physical condition before swimming. If you are too full, hungry or tired, don't swim. Before swimming, rub some water on your limbs and then jump into the water. Don't jump into the water at once. If you have chest pain while swimming, you can press your chest hard and wait until it is better. When you have abdominal pain, you should go ashore. It is best to drink some hot drinks or soup to keep warm. ?

Third, the self-rescue strategy of swimming and drowning in summer

How to ensure the health and safety of swimming and avoid drowning? Unfamiliar with the water situation, rushing into the water can easily lead to life-threatening. For the unfortunate drowning incident, experts said that drowning people should not panic, but should remain calm and actively save themselves:

(1) For people with cramps in their hands and feet, if they have cramps in their fingers, they can hold their hands tightly, then forcibly open them and do them several times quickly until the cramps are eliminated;

(2) If the calf or toe cramps, first take a breath and float on the water, hold the toe of the cramped limb with the hand on the opposite side of the cramped limb, and pull it toward the body, and at the same time press the palm of the same side on the knee of the cramped limb to help the cramped limb straighten;

(3) If the thigh cramps, it can also be solved by lengthening the cramped muscles.

Fourth, drowning first aid.

Drowning is a common accident. Drowning can lead to suffocation and hypoxia. For example, if the heartbeat stops, it is called "drowning", and if the heartbeat does not stop, it is called "dying". This classification is of great significance to estimate the condition and prognosis, but the treatment principle is basically the same, so it is collectively called drowning.

First aid method

1. After the wounded are carried out of the water, the water, mud and dirt in their oral cavity and nasal cavity should be removed immediately. Wrap your fingers with gauze (handkerchief), pull the tongue of the wounded out of your mouth, unbutton the button and neckline, and keep the respiratory tract unobstructed. Then pick up the waist and abdomen of the wounded and let him pour water with his head back. Or pick up the injured person's legs, put his abdomen on the shoulders of emergency personnel, and quickly run over to pour out the accumulated water. Or the rescuer takes a semi-kneeling posture, puts the abdomen of the injured person on the leg of the rescuer, makes his head droop, and presses his back with his hand to pour water.

2. People who stop breathing should immediately carry out artificial respiration, and mouth-to-mouth blowing is generally the best. The first aider is located on the injured side, hold the injured person's jaw, hold the injured person's nostrils, take a deep breath, and slowly blow into the injured person's mouth. When the chest is slightly lifted, relax the nostrils and press the chest with one hand to help exhale. Repeatedly and rhythmically (blowing 16~20 times per minute) until breathing resumes.

People with cardiac arrest should do chest massage first. Let the wounded lie on his back, with a hard board on his back, his head down and his back tilted. The emergency personnel are located on the side of the wounded. Facing the wounded, put the palm of your right hand flat on the lower part of the sternum and your left hand on the back of your right hand. With the help of the body weight of the first-aid person, he should push slowly, but not too hard to prevent fracture. Then he should press the sternum down about 4 cm, then loosen his wrist (keep his hand from the sternum) to restore the sternum, and repeat it regularly (60-80.

5. What should I do if my ears get water while swimming?

Because water has a certain tension, it forms a barrier after entering the narrow external auditory canal, which divides the external auditory canal into two sections, and because of the gravity of water, secondary pressure is generated between the water barrier and the eardrum, maintaining the pressure balance on both sides of the water barrier, making it difficult for water to flow out automatically. Sometimes there is a large cerumen obstruction in the external auditory canal, so it is easier for water to wrap around cerumen after entering the ear canal, and it is not easy to flow out. After water enters the ear, it will cause deafness, dizziness and discomfort, so people often want to drain the water very urgently. Some people even use dirty clips, matchsticks, small keys, etc. Cut out their ears. Although this can break the water barrier and let the water flow out, it is also easy to damage the external auditory canal and even the eardrum, leading to ear diseases?

After the water enters the ear, it should be discharged in time. The most common methods are:

1, one-legged jumping method: the affected ear is downward, and the water flows downward from the external auditory canal by the gravity of water.

2, external auditory canal method: you can press the tragus continuously with your palm or pull the auricle with your fingers; Or repeatedly open your mouth and move the temporomandibular joint, which can make the skin of the external auditory canal move up and down, left and right, or change the stability of the water barrier and pressure, so that water can flow out of the external auditory canal.

3, external auditory canal cleaning method: gently probe into the external auditory canal with a clean fine cotton swab, once you touch the water barrier, you can suck out the water.

Because the swimming pool or river water is unclean, the skin and eardrum of the external auditory canal are infected after the sewage enters the ear, or the water is improperly treated after entering the ear, which can often cause the following ear diseases, such as unclean ear digging. : otitis externa, swelling of external auditory canal, cerumenitis, suppurative otitis media.

If the above symptoms appear after entering the water, you should temporarily stop swimming and go to the hospital for examination and symptomatic treatment.

6. What are the precautions for swimming in summer?

There are many precautions for swimming in summer, which should be considered from many aspects. Here is a brief introduction: it is not suitable to swim after meals and drinking. Open wound, Pippo? Eye disease is not suitable for swimming. Caught a cold and got sick? Not suitable for swimming or weak. Thunderstorm weather is not suitable for swimming The water temperature is too low and too cold to swim. It is forbidden to make excessive jokes with your companions when swimming. Don't go into the water, especially in the wild. Don't swim when the wind and waves are too strong and the lights are not good. Don't swim or dive in unknown waters. The water is shallow and there are too many divers. You should swim where there are lifeguards and where conditions permit. Do warm-up exercises before going into the water. Bring all the equipment for launching, and be sure to bring goggles.

Don't panic, don't mess in the water. If you have a cramp, please keep calm and drift backwards. Try to participate in cardiopulmonary resuscitation training and self-help training in water. If you are not sure whether you should go into the water to save people, you can use bamboo poles, branches, ropes, clothes or floating objects to rescue while calling for help. When camping, fishing and outdoor activities are near the water, children should be prevented from accidentally falling into the water. Swimming at the seaside or outdoors should prevent sunburn and foot stab wounds.

Seven, how to prevent drowning

Swimming is one of teenagers' favorite sports. However, if you are not prepared, lack safety awareness, panic when you encounter an accident, and you can't save yourself calmly, it is easy to cause drowning casualties.

In order to ensure the safety of swimming and prevent drowning accidents, the following must be done:

1, don't go swimming alone, let alone in places where you don't know the bottom and water conditions, or dangerous places where drowning casualties are likely to occur. Choose a good swimming place and have a clear understanding of the environment of the place, such as whether the reservoir and bathing place are sanitary, whether the water surface is flat, whether there are reefs, undercurrents, weeds and the depth of water.

You must be organized and swim under the guidance of a teacher or someone familiar with water. Take care of each other. If a collective organization goes swimming, it is necessary to count the number of people before and after launching and designate lifeguards for safety protection.

Pay attention to your health. People who are prone to cramps in limbs should not take part in swimming or swim in deep water. Get ready before you go into the water and exercise first. If the water temperature is too low, wash your body with shallow water first, and then go swimming after getting used to the water temperature. Students with dentures should take them off to prevent them from falling into the esophagus or trachea when choking.

4. Be self-aware of your own water quality, don't be brave after entering the water, don't dive and snorkel rashly, and don't fight with each other to avoid drowning. Don't swim in rapids and whirlpools, let alone drink and swim.

5. If you suddenly feel unwell during swimming, such as dizziness, nausea, palpitation, shortness of breath and so on. , should immediately go ashore to rest or call for help.

6, in swimming, if the calf or leg cramps, don't panic, you can kick or jump hard, or massage hard, strain the cramp, and call for help to your partner.

7. When a drowning accident occurs in swimming, the first aid on the spot is urgent, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation is the most important. After the drowning person is rescued ashore, the vomit, sediment and other impurities in the oral cavity and nasopharyngeal cavity should be removed immediately to keep breathing smooth; The tongue should be pulled out to avoid backward turning and blocking the respiratory tract; Raise the abdomen of the drowning person so that his chest and head droop, or hold his legs, put his abdomen on the rescuer's shoulder, and do the action of walking or jumping to "pour water". Restoring the drowning person's breathing is the key to the success of first aid. Artificial respiration should be carried out immediately, and mouth-to-mouth or mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration can be used. At the same time of first aid, you should be sent to the hospital for treatment quickly.

Eight, how to save yourself when drowning?

During the summer vacation, many students like to travel together, especially because of the hot weather, everyone is willing to play and swim by the water, and often at this time, it is easy to have dangerous situations. Since this summer vacation, students have been drowning from time to time, and some of these accidents are caused by students not mastering scientific rescue skills when helping each other. Not long ago, a drowning incident occurred in qitaihe city, Heilongjiang Province. Five high school students drowned to save their drowning classmates.

In our daily life, drowning accidents often occur. What should we do if we meet a drowning person?

Drowning is a common accident such as swimming or falling into puddles and wells. Drowning generally occurs in swimming pools, reservoirs, puddles, ponds, rivers, streams, beaches and other places. Summer is the season with frequent drowning accidents. Every summer, there will be drowning accidents in swimming. Among the drowning people, some can't swim, and some can swim and are good at water.

Now is the season when the weather is getting hotter. With the coming of summer vacation, the number of drowning casualties among primary and secondary school students has also increased significantly.

When someone falls into the water, rescuers should not rush to save people, because it will be very dangerous if they are caught by the drowning person. Entanglement with the drowning person in the water will not only consume a lot of physical strength of the rescuer, but sometimes even lead to exhaustion of physical strength of the rescuer and eventually death. If the situation was very urgent and the rescuer had certain rescue skills, then the rescuer should take off his clothes and shoes as soon as possible before entering the water, and try to avoid being caught by the drowning person when approaching?