National compulsory education quality monitoring is an institutional arrangement of education supervision, and the target of compulsory education quality monitoring in China is determined to be the fourth and eighth grade students in compulsory education stage. According to the training goal of students' all-round development in morality, intelligence, physique, aesthetics and labor and the implementation of compulsory education curriculum plan, nine subject areas, namely moral education, Chinese, mathematics, English, science, physical education and health, art, labor and mental health, are determined as the monitoring objects.

There are two main aspects of monitoring:

The first is the quality of students' development in nine monitoring disciplines.

The second is the related factors that affect the quality of students' development, such as courses or educational activities of various disciplines, students' academic burden, guarantee of teaching conditions, teachers' equipment, education and teaching, school management, and regional education management.