Knowing children is the premise for parents to educate their children. Only when parents have a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of their children can they choose the appropriate educational content, use the appropriate educational methods, educate their children in a targeted manner and improve the efficiency of family education.
Kindergartens can take various forms to help parents improve their ability to understand their children: through parent schools, they can systematically teach parents the basic knowledge of children's physical and mental development, so that parents can comprehensively understand their children's cognitive, emotional and personality characteristics in theory; Through the book lending system, parents can start from the actual situation of the family, self-study children's health and psychological knowledge, and deeply understand their development level; Introduce the work and rest system of large, medium and small classes to parents through parents' meeting, so that parents can realize the arrangement of children's daily activities and pay attention to the alternation and combination of activities according to the characteristics that children's brains are easily excited and tired; Through parents' open day activities, parents can realize from practice that children's psychological process is concrete and random, and then understand the arrangement of kindergarten education and teaching activities; Through the parents' garden, telephone communication and individual conversations when picking up and dropping off children, parents can learn about their children's learning content in the last week or month and the educational requirements of kindergartens, and master their children's situation anytime and anywhere.
In addition, teachers should also encourage parents to understand their children's individual development level through family activities, games, labor activities, exchange activities, birthday activities, travel activities, visits, etc., so as to enhance parents' understanding of their children's individual development level and their ability to understand their children. For example, after taking their children to the zoo, parents should find out whether the children have fresh memories of the visit, whether they can recall many details, whether they can describe in detail the appearance of some animals, such as the face and limbs of monkeys, and which animals they are interested in.
Second, cultivate parents' ability to observe their children.
Observation is the most important means for parents to know their children purposefully and systematically, and to understand their children comprehensively and systematically. Parents can "see" their children with their own eyes and "listen" their children with their own ears, and they can get first-hand information about their physical and mental development, which is very true and reliable. Therefore, kindergartens should attach importance to cultivating parents' ability of "listening, listening and watching", which can be carried out in the following two ways.
On the one hand, through the parents' open day activities, parents are provided with opportunities to observe the development level and differences between children and their peers. For example, at the reception in the morning, the teacher asked the children to count the class size. As a result, some children quickly counted the number of participants, while others were slow. When the teacher asked the children, "How did you work it out?" The children replied, "I am five digits" and "I am 1 1". Obviously, the former is fast and the latter is slow. Parents can find the similarities and differences between children and friends, which are better than their peers and which are not as good as their peers.
On the other hand, kindergartens should also guide parents to observe their children's activities in the whole process of family education, so as to find time to watch their activities and learn more about their children's situation. When parents are observing, they can start with the child's movements or emotions, oral language, etc. Pay attention to the development of a child and combine it with all-round observation, and combine purposeful and planned observation with random observation. For example, when cleaning the room, parents find that the walls of two bedrooms and one living room are full of children's masterpieces, and the children's bedroom has become a studio. Take a closer look at the children's works, almost all of which are about "cars", such as trains, cars, taxis, motorcycles, mopeds, tricycles and bicycles. Accordingly, parents can learn about their children's hobbies, which provides an important premise for cultivating their children's good character.
Third, train parents to record their children's ability.
After observing their children, parents should also record their development in all aspects, which is an important basis for parents to evaluate their development level. Kindergartens can provide examples for parents to record their children's development through homework books, and also encourage parents to use family diaries, cameras and video cameras to record their children's development. For example, parents can use a tape recorder to record stories and music played by their children, which can not only enhance their interest in learning, but also save them as precious materials. When parents take their children out to play, they can take more photos of their children and put them in photo albums as materials for analyzing their growth in the future.
In order to obtain high-quality information and improve parents' recording ability, kindergartens should require parents to pay attention to the following questions when recording:
First of all, it is necessary to comprehensively record the development of children. Parents should record their children's physical, intellectual, emotional, social, linguistic and aesthetic characteristics. Parents should also record the whole process of their children's activities.
Secondly, it is necessary to record the development of children in a timely manner. Parents can spend a little time every day to record their children's performance at any time. The accuracy of human memory is quite limited. If the observed results are not recorded in time, they will be forgotten and blurred after a long time. In order to preserve the obtained information completely and accurately, parents should make observation notes in time.
Thirdly, we should objectively record the development of children. Parents should use objective language instead of ambiguous language to describe their children's words, actions and expressions, so as to ensure that the records truly reproduce the relationship between the scenes and characters at that time. Language is an important means of recording. Parents should be good at choosing ideal verbs, adjectives and adverbs. Modify and describe the child's behavior, make the record more detailed and accurate, and make it easier to analyze the child's personality characteristics.
In addition, it is necessary to record the time and place where children's various performances occur. In this way, parents can repeatedly compare the records to see if their children can progress with time and age, and how much progress has been made; See if children are different with the change of place and environment, and how big the change is.
Fourth, improve parents' ability to evaluate their children.
In children's family education, evaluation is an important part, which is both the end and the starting point of family education. Kindergartens should pay attention to cultivating parents' ability to evaluate their children and improve the effectiveness of family education. In order to give full play to the role of evaluation in family education, kindergartens can improve parents' evaluation ability through the following ways.
1. Introduce the superficial knowledge of evaluating children to parents through windows and publicity columns: First, check whether the collected information is comprehensive and representative; Then analyze, synthesize, abstract and summarize the recorded materials, and make a practical and appropriate judgment; On this basis, we choose appropriate education methods to make up for children's shortcomings in time, and achieved good family education results.
2. By watching children's activity videos with parents, hand over children's handmade works, such as toys and paintings, to parents, so that parents can evaluate children's skills, improve children's ability to evaluate children, and enhance children's artistry in evaluating children.
3. Parents are required to pay attention to the evaluation of their children's development level in all aspects of family life, and make a comprehensive analysis of their children as a whole, not only to evaluate their physical development, but also to evaluate their social, emotional, aesthetic, cognitive, linguistic and other aspects of development, and not to be partial to any one of them and ignore the other.
4. Please ask parents to pay attention to comprehensiveness when evaluating the development of a child. When evaluating children's language development level, we should pay attention to children's language self-confidence, pronunciation, vocabulary, sentences, language communication ability, speaking interest and listening skills.
5. Help parents create unique situations to judge their children's development level, such as deliberately setting certain obstacles to evaluate their children's tolerance for setbacks.
Fifth, improve parents' ability to train their children.
On the basis of evaluating children, parents should take certain educational measures according to their specific conditions, give full play to their strengths, complement each other's advantages, and promote their continuous progress.
In order to improve parents' ability to cultivate their children, kindergartens can hold lectures in time according to the outstanding problems in family education to help parents correct educational deviations. For example, in view of the phenomenon that parents blindly ask their children to "obey" in education, in family education lectures, timely introduce the research of American psychologist Libert to parents, so that parents can realize that children with personality traits have strong self-awareness, competitive awareness and adaptability, and parents should be good at controlling and guiding them, rather than grinding their children's "edges and corners" to make them succumb to the authority of adults and lose themselves.
Kindergartens can encourage parents to participate in various activities organized by kindergartens and come to the park to be assistants of nurses or educators, so that parents can master the skills of teaching their children to become talents from personal experience. By holding a parent discrimination meeting, parents are guided to discuss some hot issues in family education: what do children do while watching TV? What if the child refuses to sleep alone? ... to help parents form a correct view of children and establish a scientific view of education. For example, in order to correct children's graffiti, many parents put forward beneficial measures: transforming the balcony into a children's studio, providing children with sufficient painting materials, and putting paper, pens and paints in places where children can easily use them; Draw pictures on books and paper with children and tell them clean stories.
Kindergarten can also invite "Top Ten Fathers", "Top Ten Mothers", "Top Ten Grandfathers", "Top Ten Grandfathers" and "Top Ten Grandmothers" to the park to introduce their experiences in educating their children, grandchildren and granddaughters, so as to provide opportunities for other parents to learn from. By organizing family support group activities, families living close to each other can form groups to help each other and take turns to educate their children on weekends. This will not only enrich children's life outside the park, expand their communication scope, but also strengthen neighborhood relations.
Kindergartens can also help parents solve intractable diseases through the mailbox of the director and counseling activities, and give parents specific suggestions on educating and developing their children according to their psychological characteristics and personality characteristics. For example, when parents ask, "It's time for dinner, but the children still refuse to come to dinner and have to play with the truck, what should I do?" At this time, the director can advise parents to say to their children, "Please drive the truck to the table. It's time for dinner. The truck driver must be hungry. After eating, continue to drive. " In this way, parents can easily guide their children's attention from playing to eating, thus solving the problem of eating.
Parents have a great responsibility for what their children will become in the future. Kindergartens have the responsibility to teach parents some parenting skills, so that parents of young children can use scientific and effective methods to promote the healthy growth of their children according to their characteristics; On the other hand, social morality can be integrated into family education activities to cultivate children's good behavior habits and make them become people needed by society.