Tao Xingzhi (189 1- 1946), a great people's educator in China, was originally named Wen Jun and later renamed Zhixing and Xingzhi. Born in Shaoxing Huiji, 189 1, 10, 18, Shexian County, Anhui Province.
He was born in poverty, but he was smart and studious since childhood. A teacher in a neighboring village decided that the child would make great achievements when he grew up, so he let him go to school for free. One day, it snowed heavily, and the teacher had already started talking when he got to school. He just stood outside the door, listening attentively to the teacher. This learning spirit touched everyone in the school library.
1906 entered Chongyi School, a county missionary school, to study English, mathematics, physics and chemistry, and began to accept the new education of the western bourgeoisie. However, because he has been living at the bottom of China society, he has deeply felt the sufferings of the people since he was a child. He paid special attention to the rural areas in China and was determined to change the poor and backward situation in China and the miserable situation of exploitation and oppression of farmers in China. So when I was studying in Chongyi School, I wrote the motto "I am from China and want to make some contribution to China".
1908, Tao Xingzhi was admitted to Guangji yiguang run by Hangzhou Church. When I learned that students who want to enter the teaching can go to the hospital for free internship, I dropped out of school in a rage. 19 10 was admitted to the Literature Department of Nanjing Jinling University. 19 14 After graduation, he was admitted to study abroad at public expense. He received a master's degree in science and literature from the University of Illinois and Columbia University, and studied under Dewey, a famous American pragmatic educator. 1965438+returned to China in 2007 and worked as a professor, provost and director of special education department at Nanjing Normal University (later changed to Southeast University). Oppose "obeying the old law is different from other countries." Carry out civilian education. Under the influence of the May 4th Movement, 19 19 in July, he put forward the idea that education should be "new, constant and innovative" and "independent, self-reliant and automatic", and participated in the editing work of New Education magazine, and later served as the editor-in-chief of the magazine. 1923 initiated the establishment of "China Civilian Education Promotion Association" to compile thousands of textbooks for civilians and promote civilian education. 1926 published the "China Education Reform Society's Declaration on Reforming Rural Education in China" to advocate the rural education movement.
1927 In March, Tao Xingzhi founded Xiaozhuang Experimental Rural Normal School in Nanjing and put forward the theory that "life is education and society is school". On June+10, 5438, Zhejiang Rural Normal School was established in Hu Xiang, Xiaoshan. 1in April, 930, the reactionary Kuomintang government forcibly closed Xiaozhuang school on the pretext of "collaborating with the enemy". Tao Xingzhi was wanted and forced to take temporary refuge in Japan. 193 1 in the spring of, Dow returned to Shanghai as a consultant of the comprehensive management office of Shenbao, which played a considerable role in the innovation of Shenbao at that time. Launch the "scientific marriage" campaign, popularize science, and advocate the educational activities of "integration of teaching and doing". Since 1932, Shanhai Engineering Group, Early Education Group, Migrant Children Group, Mr. Xiao and China Universal Education Association have been established successively, and a universal education campaign of "spreading as soon as you know" has been launched. 1934 editor-in-chief of life education. In July, he officially announced that he would change his name from "Zhixing" to "Xingzhi".
After the "December 9th Movement", Tao Xingzhi took an active part in the Anti-Japanese National Salvation Movement, advocated national disaster education and wartime education, and successively established Yucai School and Social University in Chongqing. 1936 was elected as executive member and standing committee member of the National Salvation Federation. In July, Shen Junru, Zou Taofen and Zhang Naiqi jointly issued the Declaration of Unity against Aggression, and President Mao Zedong wrote back to express his support. Then, entrusted by the National Salvation Federation, he served as a national diplomatic envoy, visited 28 countries and regions in Europe, the United States, Asia and Africa, attended the World Peace Conference, the World Youth Conference and the seventh annual meeting of the World Anti-aggression Conference, and was elected as the executive member of the World Peace Conference in China, making outstanding contributions to the image of the Chinese nation on the international stage.
1In August, 938, Dow returned to China and passed through Hong Kong, advocating the establishment of "Chinese Amateur School" to promote Hong Kong compatriots to go to the national disaster together. From June 65438 to July 0939, a Yucai School was established for children in Gusheng Temple, near Chongqing, Sichuan, to train children with special talents. From 65438 to 0945, Tao Xingzhi joined the China Democratic League, was elected as the Standing Committee of the Central Committee and Chairman of the Democratic Education Committee, and presided over Democracy Weekly. 1946 65438+ 10 In October, Tao Xingzhi founded a social university in Chongqing to promote democratic education.
After War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory, Tao Xingzhi returned to Shanghai and immediately devoted himself to the struggle against dictatorship, democracy, civil war and peace. Democracy fighters Li Gongpu and Wen Yiduo were assassinated by Kuomintang spies, and Tao Xingzhi was listed as the third person on the blacklist. While preparing for the sacrifice of "I'm waiting for the third shot", he continued to struggle until death do us part and always stood at the forefront of the democratic movement. On1July 25th, 946, he died of cerebral hemorrhage due to "overwork, health deficiency and excessive stimulation" at the age of 55. Comrade Mao Zedong wrote the inscription "Great People's Educator".
Tao Xingzhi's life was spent in the autumn when the people were in poverty, the country was in great disaster and the nation was in danger. He shared weal and woe with the working people, was close to the people, devoted himself to people's education and the struggle for national liberation and democracy in China, and made indelible contributions.
Mr. Tao's works are rich in content and detailed in discussion, which is closely related to the current socialist pedagogy. He can be called a "generation giant" in the history of modern education in China. He is the author of Education Reform in China, Mass Education in China, Ring the Bell in Ancient Temple, etc. Published Selected Works of Tao Xingzhi's Education and Complete Works of Tao Xingzhi. It is recorded in the Dictionary of Modern Names in China.
Tao Xingzhi belongs not only to China, but also to the world.
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Tao Xingzhi's personal profile
Name: Tao Xingzhi
Original name: Tao
Name of birth: monk
Date of birth:18911kloc-0/8 (September 6th, 17th year of Guangxu reign).
Date of death:1July 25th, 946.
Native place: Huangtanyuan Village, Xixiang, Shexian County, Anhui Province
Family: father, Tao; Mother, Cao Cuixu; Sister, Wen Tao; His wife, Wang Chunyi, married after Wang died of illness; The eldest son, Tao Hongsheng; The second son Tao; Third son Tao Gang