In the 5th century BC, Greek society entered the classical era. The Greek city-states, represented by Athens, are gradually showing the prosperity of politics, economy and culture. Many talented people were born here. The prosperity, freedom and democracy in Athens have attracted many outstanding people to give lectures and run schools here like magnets. The movement of the wise was born in such a big environment.

First of all, the Greeks' understanding of themselves and the world has changed a lot. They have realized that it is man himself, not God, who decides human life. "From the research work of these people, it is concluded that the universe is not subject to an unexplained God, and the prediction comes from the analysis of the causal relationship of things." [1] In Homer's time, the Greeks believed that God and God's will dominated the war and even the whole human activities, and people were only in a subordinate position in their own activities. In the Persian war described in Herodotus's History, human factors are the main factors that determine the outcome of the war. God is no longer the theme of war, and man is the ultimate factor that determines the outcome of war. After the Persian War, the Greeks gradually realized that laws and social codes of conduct were not the products of God's will, but things decided by people themselves through thinking, selection and discussion, so they were not immutable. The change of this concept is an important condition for the wise to widely carry out education among the people.

Secondly, the prosperity of Athens promoted the education movement of the wise. After Solon's reform, Athens embarked on the road of economic development. British historian Toynbee said that Solon's revolution was "basically a transformation from subsistence agriculture to commodity agriculture" [2]. In the 5th century BC, the economy of Athens developed rapidly. By the end of the 6th century, the peasants and nobles in Attica were involved in the whirlpool of commodity economy development, reaching the peak of the classical city-state economy. After the Greek-Persian War, Athens used its own advantages to turn its allies into vassals and established its hegemonic position. This position plays an important role in absorbing the outstanding cultural achievements of all ethnic groups in the East, strengthening cultural exchanges with surrounding areas and promoting cultural development in this region. He created a vast space for polis and foreigners to display their talents. In order to meet this requirement, the wise took corresponding educational activities.

Third, the democratic politics in Athens had an important influence on the education movement of the wise. At that time, the democracy of Athens city-state reached its peak. Language has become a tool of political rule. "All those problems that were originally solved by the king and belonged to the top leadership and involved the interests of all the people should now be submitted to the art of debate and solved through debate." [3] Language is the key to state power and a tool to command and rule others. The Greeks later even shaped the power of words into a god, that is, the persuasive god "Peto". [4] Democratization requires the openness of political activities, and "this openness requires that all behaviors, procedures and knowledge gradually return to the hands of social groups and be placed under the eyes of all people" [5]. The dual movements of democratization and openness in political life have had a decisive impact on ideology. It encourages citizens to participate in political power, but no matter who wants to play a role in public life, he must not only have extensive knowledge, but also have received considerable training in thinking and speech, and the wise have provided such education.