Song Dynasty (960- 1279) is a dynasty in the history of China, which is divided into two stages: the Northern Song Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty. It lasted 18 emperor and enjoyed the country for 3 19 years.

The southern song dynasty (420-479) was the first dynasty in the southern dynasties in China, and it was also the longest-lived and largest dynasty in the four dynasties? The most powerful dynasty. A total of four generations, after nine emperors, enjoyed the country for 60 years. Because the monarch's surname is Liu, and because it is different from the later Song Dynasty, it is called Liu. According to the theory that the five virtues begin at the end, it is called water virtue, so it is also called water song.

2. Different cultural influences:

Song dynasty:

The Song Dynasty was an era of high prosperity in commodity economy, culture, education and scientific innovation in the history of China. In the third year of Xianping (1000), China's total GDP was $26.55 billion, accounting for 22.7% of the world economy, and its per capita GDP was $450, exceeding that of Western Europe at that time. Although later generations thought that the Song Dynasty was "poor and weak", the people's wealth and social and economic prosperity in the Song Dynasty far exceeded that in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.

Neo-Confucianism rose in Song Dynasty, Confucianism revived, science and technology developed rapidly, politics was enlightened, there was no serious eunuch dictatorship and warlord regime, and the number and scale of mutiny and civil strife were relatively small in China history. The rice-growing population in Zhancheng increased rapidly in the Northern Song Dynasty, from 3,765,438+million in the fifth year of Taiping and Xingguo (980) to1260,000 in the sixth year of Xuanhe (124).

Liu Song:

Liu and Song Dynasties were the first dynasty established by commoners and poor people in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. During this period, a political situation emerged and a number of influential cultural figures appeared, such as Xie Lingyun, Liu Yiqing, Bao Zhao, Pei Songzhi, Ye Fan, Yan Yanzhi, Zu Chongzhi and He Chengtian. The history of Jiankang literature reached its peak, including Shi Shuo Xin Yu and Hou.

3. Regional differences:

Song:

In the first year of Zheng He and the Song Dynasty, the Central Plains was basically unified because of the split since the Anshi Rebellion in the Old Five Dynasties. The Song-Liao border has been stable for a long time along the Yanmenshan-damao mountain-Baigou line. Due to the loss of the barrier of sixteen states, the imperial court could only plant willows widely on the border. In the war with Xixia, he tried to expand his territory and obtained Sui, Han, Tao, Min, Lan and other countries.

Liu Song:

As far as the territory of the Southern Dynasties is concerned, Liu Song is the largest dynasty in the Southern Dynasties and the Four Dynasties. When it was strong, according to Guanshouhe River, the northern defense line reached Tongguan and Yellow River, and its ruling area was bounded by Yellow River and Northern Wei Dynasty in the north, Sichuan Snow Mountain in the west, Yunnan in the southwest, Hengshan and Lin Yi in the south.

On the left is the territory of the Song Dynasty, and on the right is the territory of the Southern Dynasties and the Song Dynasty.

4, the founding emperor is different:

In 960, the generals of the later Zhou Dynasty launched a mutiny in Chen Qiao, and established Songzhou as the emperor of German Zhao Kuangyin, thus establishing the Song Dynasty. In order to avoid the chaos of the regime and eunuch's authoritarian power in the late Tang Dynasty, Zhao Kuangyin adopted the policy of emphasizing literature and restraining military power, strengthened centralization and deprived military commanders of their military power. After Song Taizong succeeded to the throne, the whole country was unified, and after forming a single-source alliance with Liao, he gradually stepped into the rule of the world.

Emperor Wu of Song rose in the troubled times at the end of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and successively pacified Sun En, Huan Xuan, Liu Yi, Lu Xun, Sima Xiuzhi and other forces, and destroyed Huanchu, Xishu, Southern Yan, Houqin and other countries. Not only unified the south of China, but also recovered Shandong, Henan, Guanzhong and other places. Finally, it was built in Jin and Song Dynasties, with its capital in Jiankang (now Nanjing, Jiangsu).

On the left is Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin, and on the right is Emperor Wu of Song Gaozu (Southern Dynasties).

Extended data:

Influence on later generations:

Song:

The Song Dynasty was an era of high prosperity in commodity economy, culture, education and scientific innovation in the history of China. In the third year of Xianping (1000), China's total GDP was $26.55 billion, accounting for 22.7% of the world economy, and its per capita GDP was $450, exceeding that of Western Europe at that time. ? The people's wealth and social and economic prosperity in the Song Dynasty far exceeded that in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.

Neo-Confucianism rose in Song Dynasty, Confucianism revived, science and technology developed rapidly, politics was enlightened, there was no serious eunuch dictatorship and warlord regime, and the number and scale of mutiny and civil strife were relatively small in China history. The rice-growing population in Zhancheng increased rapidly in the Northern Song Dynasty, from 3,765,438+million in the fifth year of Taiping Xingguo (980) to1260,000 in the sixth year of Xuanhe (124).

Southern Song Dynasty:

In the early period of Liu and Song Dynasties, when the society was stable, before and after Emperor Wu of Song ascended the throne, he vigorously carried out reforms, concentrated power, suppressed the merger of powerful countries, broke the land, cracked down on the elites of powerful countries, rectified the bureaucracy, reused the poor, developed production, lavished wealth, abolished harsh laws, tried lawsuits in person, revitalized education, tried out scholars in various counties, raised virtuous people, and sent envoys to visit the people's sufferings many times.

After the death of Emperor Wu of Song, Liu Yilong, Song Wendi continued to implement Emperor Wu of Song's general plan of governing the country, which was called "the rule of Yuan Jia" in history.

During this period, there was a political situation of "cold people taking the initiative"? A number of influential figures have emerged in culture, such as Xie Lingyun, Liu Yiqing, Bao Zhao, Pei Songzhi, Ye Fan, Yan Yanzhi, Zu Chongzhi and He Chengtian. The history of Jiankang literature reached its peak in this period, and famous works such as Shi Shuo Xin Yu, Han Shu and Notes on the Three Kingdoms were born in this period, which had a far-reaching influence on later generations.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Song Dynasty

Baidu Encyclopedia-Southern Dynasties and Song Dynasty