These differences may be influenced by many factors such as heredity, environment and learning experience. Different students may have different learning styles, learning rhythms, learning interests and ability levels, so teachers should adopt different teaching strategies and methods according to students' cognitive characteristics to help them better master knowledge and skills.

This difference is mainly manifested in:

(1) field independence and field dependence. People who are independent of specific fields often use their own internal reference when judging objective things, and are not easily influenced and interfered by external factors; People with specific field dependence tend to use external reference as the basis of information processing in their perception of objects.

(2) meditation and impulse. When solving problems, thoughtful children tend to be thoughtful and make fewer mistakes, while impulsive children tend to test hypotheses quickly and often make mistakes.

(3) Convergence and divergence. Convergent cognitive style means that individuals collect or synthesize information and knowledge in the process of solving problems, and use logical laws to narrow the scope of answers until they find the most appropriate and only correct answer. Divergent people show this characteristic, their thinking expands in many different directions, so that their ideas spread to all related aspects and eventually produce a variety of possible answers.

There are many reasons for cognitive differences. Here are some common reasons:

1, genetic factors: people's natural genes and genetic background will affect cognitive ability and style. For example, some people may be better at dealing with logical problems, while others may be better at dealing with emotional problems.

2. Socio-cultural factors: Everyone's social environment and cultural background are different, and the education, values, beliefs and habits received in these environments will have an impact on cognition. For example, there are great differences in cognitive styles between eastern and western cultures.

3. Personal experience and learning: People have accumulated various knowledge and skills through their own experience and learning, which will also affect cognitive differences.

4. External stimuli: External stimuli include sensory inputs such as hearing, vision and touch, which will also affect people's cognitive differences. For example, some people may prefer listening to audio, while others prefer watching videos.

5. Psychological factors: people's psychological state will also affect cognitive differences. For example, emotion, attention, memory ability and so on will have an impact on cognition.