In the Ruan period, the drawbacks of the imperial examination system were exposed. For example, a Vietnamese scholar said, "Almost all Ruan officials were elected by the imperial examination. Education and the imperial examination system are extremely outdated, because they transplanted foreign contents and adopted the method of scholastic learning that was divorced from reality. Those who take exams at school only know how to immerse themselves in Confucian classics and read the history of Han, Tang and Song Dynasties. The officials trained in this way must be ignorant and backward people, complacent with having a bunch of useless book knowledge. " It can be seen that the talents selected through imperial examination education did not meet the national demand standard for talents in Ruan Dynasty. The disadvantages of this system itself are constantly exposed. First, the imperial examination system has many drawbacks. The emperor of Ruan dynasty also knew the disadvantages of the imperial examination system. Ming Chengzu once commented: "The imperial examination is a big mistake. I don't think there are certain rules in the articles, but now the articles in the imperial examination are just stuck in platitudes, boasting to each other and setting up different portals. From this point of view, the choice of examination room also depends on this. No wonder talent is getting worse. However, it is difficult to change a set of rules, so Xu Tu should change it in the future. According to Ruan Chao's four-subject examination, Ming Taizu nguy?n PHC thinks that there are also many disadvantages: "There were only three subjects in the Northern Dynasty, but I added 461 subjects, and the writing style was unusual, which had nothing to do with the application. The learning of the Northern Dynasties was to invent justice, not to attack Chen Yan. In our country, we are always familiar with ancient books. What a teacher teaches his disciples only cares about this! If there is no other meaning, this is also a custom, thinking that it is not a neutral case. Compared with the application, it is inevitably pedantic and correct, and! Ruan Fushi, heir to the throne, also has his own understanding of the imperial examination system. Recently, "imperial examinations are only superficial". Only Wei Keqi's literary artistic conception can be used in the "Countermeasures for the Palace Examination" written in the ninth year of Heide (1856), so he was given the title of scholar, urging the scholars to dare to say and recommend in the future. The rest are poor, and all three scholars have given a background of a scholar. His evaluation of the policy of "The Scholars" is that "the original text is mostly ancient prose, and there is no flexibility." He also noticed that there were too many candidates to fill in the blanks in the imperial examination, such as Chengde in eight years (1855). ""In recent years, the emperor has taken the civil and military examinations, and he has taken too many examinations, and the examination method is not very week. So the two departments said,' You must be proficient in all subjects. Always recommended, talented, are pre-employed. This is a four-match, and it is good to be a juror. Three innings, I'm also a scholar. It seems that this is a cliche. What's the use? When the second stage of the martial arts field is finished, Cao will listen to a lot of pre-items, which makes the difference between A and B, so that the number of soldiers is 1000, while the number of excellent items is 800, so there is no shortage of safety! If the third period and review period are repeated, encore can follow suit and have no flexibility! There is an urgent need to reconsider the second part. How should we deal with the law of equilibrium? What should I give up? What is the reason for the method of Wushu? He Kege? Seriously negotiate and implement, so that I can say that I am eager to get what I want. "The drawbacks of the imperial examination system were more noticed by intellectuals in the Ruan era. Gao Chunyu, a famous scholar, thinks that there are two kinds of diseases in the topic: scholars are too vain and impractical; Be impetuous for the official, and then don't take the right path. " There is an urgent need to correct scholars' habit of rash advance in name only. Pan Zeng, a representative of Vietnamese reformists, lamented: "The autocratic court not only relied on the imperial examination as the eyes and ears of the caged hero, but also devoted itself to fame, so that people over the age of eight were stuck in the prison of eight-part poems." The content of the imperial examination is very old-fashioned, ""identifying practical talents with empty words and measuring economic talents with beauty as the scale. Therefore, whoever is good at Confucian classics thinks he is superior, and whoever has the talent of poetry thinks he is good at governing the country. For the world, he is ignorant, but arrogant and conceited. He regards the world as dirt and himself as sacred. Second, the imperial examination system was finally abolished. 1906, Vietnam established the Education Improvement Committee, and new schools were founded one after another, which made modern education develop rapidly and gradually replaced the imperial examination education that taught Confucianism. Before World War I, French colonial authorities allowed primary and secondary schools to use French and local languages at the same time. During World War I, cultural assimilation became the goal of French policy. 19 15, the traditional competitive civil service examination in Tokyo was cancelled. During her second term (1917 ~1919), Charlotte adopted a plan to take over all primary schools and popularize French learning. 19 17, the French authorities promulgated the Indo-China Public Education Law, which officially established "French-Vietnamese education" as the only legal education in Vietnam and set strict standards for running private schools, thus accelerating the demise of Confucian schools. At the same time, it also became an episode before the abolition of the imperial examination system, which provided a legal basis for the abolition of the imperial examination system and prepared for the aftermath. 19 18, French governor and emperor Ding Qi issued a decree to abolish the Vietnamese imperial examination system that existed in Vietnam for more than 800 years. In the fourth year of Ruan Chao (19 19), Vietnam held the final exam and 23 students were selected. Vietnam's imperial examination system was abolished later than China's 14, and finally withdrew from the historical stage of Vietnam. At the same time, it also declared the demise of the imperial examination system in the world. The imperial examination system in Vietnam is the product of feudal times and has its limitations. It is in line with the law of historical development to be abolished in the end. Without the arrival of French colonialism, Vietnam's imperial examination might have lasted longer, but history cannot be assumed. After all, Vietnam is under French colonial rule. Even though the imperial examination reform in Vietnam promoted the new attempts and explorations of Vietnamese nationalists on the road of national independence to a certain extent, at the beginning of the 20th century, the reform of the imperial examination system was only a slight adjustment of the original examination order, a slight modification of the scoring method and a slight increase or decrease in the examination content, and there was no substantive reform. As Wang Jidong thought, the rulers of Ruan Dynasty tried to pass the imperial examination on the one hand in the face of conservative management and reform of the traditional imperial examination system, and on the other hand in the face of various new problems brought about by the invasion of western colonists. On the one hand, I envy the advanced western science and technology culture, and hope to learn to imitate and apply it to the reform of the imperial examination system. On the other hand, I worry that western thoughts will dilute the dominant position of Confucianism in China. "Under the influence of this ambivalence, the reform of the imperial examination system can only be minor repairs and is doomed to failure. To completely overthrow the original cultural and educational system, we must break the imperial examination system, which is the carrier to which this educational system is attached. While seeing the disadvantages of the imperial examination system, we should also clearly realize that once the imperial examination system with a series of disadvantages is abolished, it will also bring some negative effects, that is, the abolition of the imperial examination will aggravate the backwardness of rural education. This is because in the imperial examination era, scholars who passed the imperial examination were often rural scholars. After the abolition of the imperial examination, rural scholars had nowhere to study. For a long time after the abolition of the imperial examination in Vietnam, the entire education system in Vietnam was almost paralyzed. 1945 When Vietnam declared its independence, the illiteracy rate in the whole country was as high as 90%. In the period of social transformation, the abolition of the imperial examination system marked the end of the ancient Vietnamese agricultural society dominated by the small-scale peasant economy. Although it brought anxiety and pain to later rural scholars, it also inspired most of them to explore new roads. References: Chen: Research on Imperial Examination Documents in Ming Dynasty Jiang Zhenhua: Research on Imperial Examination System in Nguyen Dynasty of Vietnam Chen: Friendly Relations and Cultural Exchanges between Chinese and Vietnamese People He Chengxuan: History of Confucianism Spreading to the South Liu: The End of Confucian Imperial Examination System in Modern East Asia, South Korea and Southeast Asia and the Rise of Imperial Examination.