What measures should be taken to prevent electrical accidents A: Measures to prevent electric shock:

(1) Electrical equipment (including cables and wires) is not allowed to be overhauled or moved underground. Before maintenance or relocation, the power supply must be cut off and checked with a test pen suitable for the power supply voltage. The inspection can only be carried out without electricity. When cutting off the power supply, all switch handles should be locked, and a warning sign "No power transmission when someone is working" should be hung. Only the person who performs this work has the right to take down this sign and send electricity. Strictly implement "whoever loses power, who sends power". System, it is strictly prohibited to "send electricity to the appointment".

Electrical equipment has to be relocated, and power failure is very troublesome; Live working is very dangerous, and electric spark is the explosion source.

(2) The operation of underground electrical equipment must comply with the following provisions:

(1) Part-time or electrical personnel on duty are not allowed to operate electrical equipment without authorization.

(2) When operating the main circuit of high-voltage electrical equipment, the operator must wear insulating gloves, insulating boots or stand on an insulating platform.

Electric charging operation is bold, and insulation protection is put aside; Once you accidentally touch the electricity, it's too late to regret it.

(3)127V hand-held electrical equipment operating handle and parts that must be contacted during work should be well insulated.

(4) Ordinary portable electric measuring instruments are only allowed to be used in places where the gas concentration is lower than 65438 0%. Underground explosion-proof electrical devices must be inspected before entering the well.

⑤ It is forbidden to "pull the power cord without permission".

⑥ Insist on using leak detection protection device and coal electric drill comprehensive protection device for underground power supply.

(3) to prevent people from getting an electric shock or approaching a charged conductor.

① Install the * * * live part of the electrical device at a certain height or in a fence.

(2) The conductive parts and cable joints of various underground electrical devices must be enclosed in a solid shell, and a mechanical locking device should be set between the operating handle and the box cover.

(3) Hang a warning sign "No entry for non-working personnel" at the entrance or door of each substation (distribution station); Unattended substations (substations) must be closed and locked; When there are high-voltage electrical devices in underground cavity, warning signs of "High-voltage Danger" should be hung at the entrance and the obvious position in the cavern.

(4) For electrical equipment that people often contact, use low-voltage voltage. For example, the rated voltage of underground lighting, handheld electrical devices, telephones, signals and other devices should not exceed 127 volts.

(5) precautions against electric shock in coal mines

Part-time electrical personnel shall not fiddle with, repair or operate electrical equipment without authorization.

If the device fails, do it at will, but don't pretend to be brave; Special personnel shall be responsible for special equipment, and irrelevant personnel shall not move.

(2) Don't stop or send electricity.

(3) Beware of touching overhead lines. Carry long metal tools and appliances and metal pipes under overhead lines. Don't carry them on your shoulders.

(4) When walking down the mountain, it is forbidden to hold the cable, otherwise, once the cable leaks, the consequences will be extremely serious.

⑤ It is forbidden to lie down and sit on electrical equipment and cables, and do not touch electrical equipment and cables at will.

First, the form of electrical hazards

Due to the restriction of harsh natural environment and geological conditions, underground electrical equipment is frequently started, and the load changes greatly and the voltage fluctuates greatly during use. Due to overload, short circuit, electric leakage, arc and electric spark faults, accidents such as device burning, mine fire, gas and coal dust explosion, electric shock casualties may occur at any time. In addition, distribution lines, switches, fuses, pin holders, electric heating devices, lighting equipment, motors, etc. It may cause electric shock, become a fire source, or cause electric shock to people.

Second, the harm of electric shock

Electric shock will occur when human body touches charged conductor or equipment shell, cable or wire charged due to insulation damage. Because of the special working environment in the underground, it is easier to get an electric shock. The damage of electric shock to human tissues is very complicated. Generally, the harm to human body can be roughly divided into two situations: electric shock and electric injury. Electric shock refers to the current passing through the human body, which will cause damage and destruction to respiratory organs, heart and nervous system under the action of thermochemistry and electrolysis. In most cases, electric shock is the most dangerous because it can kill people. Electric injury refers to the damage to the external organs of the body caused by electric current passing through a certain area of the human body or electric arc burning the human body, mainly physical damage, such as burns. When the burn area is not large, there is no danger to life. Usually, when people get an electric shock, there are both electric shock injuries and electric shock injuries.

The harm of electric shock to human body is determined by many factors, but the current flowing through human body is the main factor that plays a decisive role. The maximum current that the human body can get rid of by itself is 16mA (commonly known as getting rid of current). Usually, the electric shock current through human body is 15 ~ 20.

When it is lower than mA, when it is lower than 50 mA, it will not be life-threatening. When the electric shock current of human body exceeds the current for a long time and cannot be rescued, it is life-threatening. When the electric shock current of human body reaches 100

MA (roughly equivalent to the current when a voltage of 220 volts acts on a 25W bulb) or more, life is in absolute danger.

The current flowing through human body is related to human resistance. The greater the resistance of the human body, the smaller the current through the human body, and vice versa. Human body resistance is a value that varies widely. When the human body has a wound and is sweating and wet, its value is greatly reduced, and it decreases with the extension of electric shock time. So the electric shock in this case is even more dangerous.

The electric shock current flowing through the human body is related to the voltage acting on the human body. The greater the electric shock voltage, the greater the electric shock current and the more dangerous it is.

The longer the electric shock current flows through the human body, the greater the harm of electric shock to people. Therefore, even if it is a safe current, it will cause casualties if it flows through the human body for a long time. Regulations of China 30

It is safe for milliampere current to flow through human body 1 sec. Therefore, when people get an electric shock, it is very important to save the life of those who get an electric shock in the shortest time.

Third, the harm and prevention of electric leakage

Leakage will pose a great threat to people, equipment and even mines: contact with leakage equipment or cables will cause electric shock casualties; Electric detonators can be detonated in advance; Failure to cut off the power supply in time when the electrical equipment leaks electricity will expand into a short circuit fault, burn the equipment and cause a fire.

Preventive measures:

1. Avoid cables and electrical equipment from being immersed in water, and prevent cables from being squeezed, collided, excessively bent, scratched and stabbed.

2, wire connection should be firm, no burr, prevent loose.

3, maintenance of electrical devices should be in accordance with the provisions, it is forbidden to leave tools and materials such as conductors in the electrical device.

4, shall not be arbitrarily add additional components in the electrical device, if must be set, to meet the requirements of the relevant provisions.

5. Set protective grounding device.

6. Compensate the capacitance current of the power grid to the ground.

7, set the leakage protection device

.

8. Avoid long-term overload or overdue execution of electrical equipment and cables, and leakage caused by insulation aging.

9. Measure the electrical efficiency of electrical devices and cables regularly according to regulations.

10, device maintenance, should avoid downtime, power transmission operation error, live work or careless work caused by personal contact with phase A and leakage.

Strictly observe five electrical precautions:

1, to prevent on-load disconnector. (The disconnector cannot be operated when the circuit breaker, load switch and contactor are closed. )

2, to prevent the wrong points, wrong circuit breaker, load switch, contactor. (Only when the operating instructions correspond to the operating device can the device be operated on * * *. )

3. Prevent the grounding switch from closing the circuit breaker and load switch in the closed position. (Only when the grounding switch is off, the disconnector or handcart can be closed to the working position, and the circuit breaker and load switch can be closed. )

4, in order to prevent the wrong grounding switch when charged, (only when the circuit breaker is in the break-brake state, can you operate the isolating switch or handcart from the working position to the test position, can you close the grounding switch. )

5, to prevent straying into the charged room. Only when the car is not electrified can you open the door and enter the car. )

What measures should be taken to prevent accidents in drilling construction (1)? Regular inspection should be determined according to the voltage level of the line, the implementation situation, the changes of the surrounding environment and other factors, generally regardless of high-voltage lines and low-voltage lines. Patrol once a month, and if it is well implemented, it can be extended appropriately. For buried lines, patrol inspection shall be conducted once every six months.

(2) Special patrol is an additional patrol under special circumstances when the climate changes rapidly (such as strong wind, thunderstorm, fog, heavy snow, severe freezing, etc.). ) or natural disasters (such as landslides, floods, earthquakes and fires +0 disasters, etc. ), as well as major political activities and holidays, take some targeted measures.

(3) Fault patrol refers to the patrol inspection organized in time to find the fault point and understand the nature of the fault when the line fails (tripping or grounding phenomenon). The optimization method is often used to carry out key inspections in order to quickly find out the fault points and causes.

(4) Night patrol is to use the natural conditions of darkness at night to check whether the insulators and conductor joints in the line have flashover, redness and sparks, and it is best to choose peak load.

In addition to the above inspections, the newly built or expanded overhead lines shall be fully inspected one week before they are put into operation.

The following conditions should be paid attention to during the inspection tour:

(1) Check the situation along the overhead line, and pay attention to whether there are any abnormal phenomena in the surrounding environment (such as building houses, digging trenches, taking soil, explosion, piling up inflammable and explosive articles, river scouring, etc.). ).

(2) Check whether wires, poles, shafts and cross arms are inclined and whether iron parts are rusted. Wood poles and cross arms are cracked and decayed, cement poles are cracked and cement falls off, and all parts are firmly fixed. Whether the wires are broken and rusted, and whether the distance from nearby buildings and trees meets the specified standards. Insulator damage (dirt, cracks, burns, etc.). ), and the wires are slack.

(3) check the guy (rust, broken strands, slack, etc. ), whether the pile sinks, and whether the stay wire hinders traffic.

(4) Check the lightning protection and grounding device, lightning arrester for cracks and flashover, whether the discharge gap is qualified, whether the grounding wire is broken, whether the connection point is firm, and whether the grounding device is exposed.

What measures should be taken to prevent gas accidents in public places? 1. Evacuate people in dangerous areas; 2. Call the fire alarm; 3. Notify the gas management department to close the gas valve; 4. Count the personnel in the accident area.

What measures should be taken to prevent student injury accidents? Injury accidents of students in school refer to physical injury, mental injury and death accidents suffered by primary and secondary school students in educational and teaching activities or extracurricular activities organized by the school, as well as in school buildings, venues, other educational and teaching facilities and living facilities for which the school has management responsibilities. It does not include the property losses suffered by primary and secondary school students, nor does it include the injuries suffered by educators.

According to the special environment of the school, the following measures can be taken:

1. Establish and improve the safety system. Schools should formulate scientific and reasonable safety work rules and regulations, clarify the safety work responsibilities of all departments and teachers in all aspects, all time periods and even all occasions, and earnestly implement various safety precautions. Special attention should be paid to the formulation of various safety emergency systems such as food hygiene and corridor evacuation, as well as related systems of parents' safety education and supervision, so that the safety education and management system can effectively cover all the time and space, all aspects and every corner of students inside and outside the school.

2. Strengthen safety education. Safety accidents focus on prevention. Schools and guardians should earnestly establish the awareness of safety first, attach great importance to students' safety education, make full use of wall newspapers, school newspapers, radio, speeches under the national flag, class meetings, police schools and other carriers, and actively carry out various educational activities such as "Safety Education Week" and "Safety Production Month" according to students' age and study life reality. According to the seasonal characteristics, efforts should be made to carry out education on the prevention of infectious diseases, forest fire prevention, drowning prevention, food hygiene, traffic safety and activity safety, as well as safety protection knowledge education inside and outside the school, so as to effectively enhance the safety awareness of teachers and students, improve the safety protection ability and prevent the occurrence of safety accidents. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen parents' safety education through "parents' school" and "holding hands", effectively change parents' educational concepts, improve parents' awareness of safety responsibility and safety supervision, and realize the goal of home-school co-education.

3. Pay attention to the safety management of activities. First, we should make full preparations for going out. Article 12 of the Law on the Protection of Minors stipulates that schools should organize children's gatherings, cultural entertainment, social practice and other collective activities to prevent personal safety accidents. When organizing an outing, we must ensure that it is carried out under the premise of safety. It is necessary to fully plan and arrange the specific time, place, content, responsible person and emergency measures of the activity. We should have as many teachers as possible to ensure safe and orderly activities. The second is to carry out activities according to students' physical and mental conditions. It is necessary to establish a student health examination system and health files. Understand the students' physical health in time, arrange specific education and teaching activities according to the students' physical condition, and give appropriate care to students with special physique or diseases; According to the characteristics of students' physical and mental development, students' physical exercise should be carried out, and high-intensity and high-density physical exercise activities beyond students' endurance should not be carried out to prevent accidents. Third, we should attach importance to and strengthen students' physical exercise, actively carry out "sunshine sports" activities, improve students' physical fitness and agility, and put an end to some unnecessary safety accidents.

4. Regularly check educational activity places and safety facilities to provide a safe and hygienic learning environment. Articles 26 and 27 of the Education Law and articles 16 and 52 of the Law on the Protection of Minors clearly stipulate that school buildings and other facilities should meet the standards to ensure the personal safety of students. Those who fail to take measures knowing that the school building or other facilities are in danger and cause casualties will be investigated for criminal responsibility according to law. To this end, schools should regularly check school buildings, electrical appliances, water, teaching instruments, sports equipment and other facilities and equipment to ensure students' drinking water and food hygiene, prevent food poisoning and various diseases from spreading in schools, and ensure the safety of students' experimental operations and sports activities. When school teaching facilities and equipment are found to have potential safety hazards, they must be repaired and rectified in time, and students will never be harmed by dangerous facilities and equipment with potential safety hazards.

5. Conduct emergency rescue and safety education for students. Schools can organize students to learn and master the basic knowledge and methods of emergency rescue through extracurricular activities and special lectures. Through theoretical education and practical training, students' ability to cope with accidents is cultivated, so as to effectively protect themselves.

6. Safety needs the joint efforts of all teachers in the school. The school establishes a safety inspection system. Every day, a leader on duty and three teachers are on duty for safety inspection. They go deep into the students every day, take care of the traffic safety and students' activities during school hours, tell them what games to play and what not to play, and stop students from doing dangerous actions in time. During the busy farming season, teachers are sent to inspect the roads around the school, so that students can always pay attention to traffic safety.

7. Strengthen the management of activities and physical education teachers. Every time the school organizes activities, a special temporary safety inspection team is set up to solve problems in time and attach great importance to safety issues. In view of the current situation, the school has strengthened the management of physical education teachers, given them sufficient learning opportunities to learn more sports professional knowledge, and had the opportunity to hire physical education teachers from other schools to train their physical education teachers, and resolutely put an end to safety accidents in sports activities.

8. Pay attention to family management education. The school actively contacts with parents to prevent injury accidents. School education must rely on the cooperation and support of family education, and family education must be coordinated with school education. The school holds at least one parent-teacher conference every semester, and takes safety education as an important meeting content. The school establishes a home-school interaction system to remind parents of safety issues at all times, and through the joint efforts of families, schools and the whole society, students can live and study in a harmonious, healthy and progressive environment.

What measures should be taken to prevent medical accidents, abide by the norms of diagnosis and treatment, improve technical level, strengthen service attitude, and practice medicine according to law.

What measures should be taken to prevent chicken infectious diseases? In the process of raising chickens, various diseases often occur, especially some serious infectious diseases, which seriously affect the health of chickens. Therefore, while developing chicken production, chicken farms should first do a good job in preventing chicken diseases.

(1) The site selection of chicken farm should meet the requirements of epidemic prevention.

The chicken farm should be located in the leeward and sunny, with high and dry terrain, sufficient water and convenient drainage. Chicken farms should be located far away from towns, institutions, schools, factories and residential areas, and keep a certain distance from railways, highways and transport rivers.

(2) Strictly disinfect the breeders and vehicles and cut off the external sources of infection.

① A disinfection pool should be set at the entrance and exit of the chicken farm. The pool is about 30cm deep and 4m wide. The length of the pool should be up to the point where the car tires can rotate for one cycle. The disinfectant in the pool can be 2% caustic soda or 3% lysol. Attention should be paid to changing disinfectants regularly to maintain their bactericidal ability. ② Disinfection facilities should also be set at the entrance and exit of the henhouse, and breeders should be disinfected when entering and leaving the henhouse. (3) Foreigners must be strictly disinfected before entering the site. (4) All the appliances in the henhouse shall not be used interchangeably, and the breeders shall not go to the henhouse outside their duties at will. Anyone who enters the henhouse must change into work clothes. ⑤ Generally, the rotating egg box should be soaked and disinfected with 2% caustic soda water, and then washed with clear water. It is best to use special bags for this field, and they are not interchangeable to prevent pathogens from being brought in.

(3) Establish a field veterinary health system.

(1) Reserve chickens or newly purchased chickens shall not be mixed with adult chickens to prevent relay infection of diseases. (2) The sinks and pools should be kept clean and disinfected regularly. Feces should be removed regularly. ③ Thoroughly disinfect the henhouse and its utensils before the chickens are transferred to another group or enter the henhouse. ④ Regular immunization and drug prevention for chickens, and regular deworming for flat chickens. Vaccination is a reliable measure to prevent some infectious diseases, and the validity period, inoculation method and dosage of the vaccine should be checked when inoculation. Preventive drug use is to use drugs in advance according to the pathogenesis of some diseases, and pay attention to the alternating action of various antibacterial drugs to prevent pathogenic bacteria from producing drug resistance. ⑤ Chicken farms should attach importance to and do a good job in killing rats, mosquitoes and flies.

(4) Strengthen the feeding management of chickens and improve their disease resistance.

① Select high-quality chicks. If you buy chickens from other places, you should know the building level, feeding management level and hatching level of the breeding farm, especially the sanitary management of the breeding farm. The nutrition and disinfection of the feed of the breeding chicken have a great influence on the health of the chicks. If the disinfection of breeding eggs is not strict and the hatching level is low, the pullorum and omphalitis of chicks will be more serious; Breeding chickens are not vaccinated with encephalomyelitis vaccine, and encephalomyelitis may occur within 1 week. High-quality chickens have strong disease resistance and high survival rate. (2) provide a full-price diet. The nutritional level of diet not only affects the production capacity of chickens, but also the lack of some ingredients will lead to the corresponding lack. So be sure to buy feed from a regular feed factory, and be careful not to store it for too long to prevent mildew and caking. Self-made diet should pay attention to the quality of raw materials to avoid the disconnection between diet formula and practical application. ③ Appropriate ambient temperature should be given. Suitable environmental temperature is beneficial to improve the production performance of chickens. Too high or too low temperature will affect the health of chickens, and the uncertainty of hot and cold will easily lead to respiratory diseases of chickens. ④ Keep good ventilation conditions. Bacteria in feces and residual feed in chicken coops will produce a lot of ammonia gas, and the gas discharged by chicken breathing will do great harm to chickens. In particular, once ammonia gas reaches the level of making people feel uncomfortable or even shed tears, it will lead to respiratory mucosal damage and bacterial and viral infections in chickens. In order to reduce the harmful gas in the henhouse, on the one hand, you can open the window or exhaust the fan, and don't suddenly cool down. On the other hand, you should keep the ground dry and sanitary to reduce the generation of ammonia. ⑤ Maintain a reasonable feeding density. Too high density will cause crowded chickens and increase harmful gases in the air. Chickens are prone to dysentery, coccidiosis, colibacillosis and chronic respiratory diseases. ⑥ Minimize the stress response of chickens. Excessive noise, group transfer, drug injection and abnormal clothing and behavior of breeders are a kind of stress to chickens, and chickens under stress are prone to coccidiosis and bursal disease.

(5) Establish a veterinary epidemic treatment system.

Veterinary epidemic prevention personnel should go deep into the henhouse every day to observe the chickens and diagnose the epidemic situation in time. When infectious diseases are discovered, sick chickens are isolated and dead chickens are buried or burned. For some serious infectious diseases (such as Newcastle disease, etc. ), should promptly report to the superior veterinary authorities, blocked the chicken farm for emergency vaccination, until the last sick chicken no longer appears after half a month of death, can report to the superior authorities to lift the blockade. Contaminated chicken coops and utensils should be disinfected, and chicken manure should be piled up and fermented before it can be transported out of the field.

What preventive measures should be taken to deal with the occurrence of leakage fault? Answer: In order to prevent the occurrence of leakage fault, various preventive measures should be taken.

. Such as the correct selection and use of cables and electrical equipment; Improve employees' awareness of electrical safety, and strengthen the implementation, maintenance and preventive testing of low-voltage electrical equipment and cable lines; Ensure that all unqualified electrical connectors in the power supply system are eliminated to ensure that the power grid has a good insulation level to the ground. In addition, when there is a leakage fault in the power grid that may cause danger, it is necessary to rely on the leakage protection device to cut off the power supply of the faulty equipment or line to prevent the situation from expanding.