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Taihang Mountain and Wuwangshan Mountain, 700 miles away in Fiona Fang, are seven or eight thousand feet above sea level. They were originally in the south of Jizhou, north of the Yellow River.
There is a man named Gong Yu at the foot of the North Mountain. He is almost 90 years old and lives directly opposite the mountain. He suffers from the traffic jam in the northern part of the mountain area, so he has to make a detour when he comes out or goes in. He called the whole family to discuss, and said, "I'll try my best to level that steep mountain with you and reach the south of Yuzhou and the south bank of Hanshui, okay?" Everyone agreed. His wife raised a question and said, "With your strength, even Kuifu's mountain can't be leveled. What can you do with Taihang Mountain and Royal Family? " Besides, where are the excavated soil and stones? "They said," throw it on the edge of the Bohai Sea, north of the Tibetan soil. "So Gong Yu led his three children and grandchildren who can carry the burden (up the mountain), chiseled stones, dug dirt and transported them to the Bohai Sea with a dustpan. Neighbor Shi Jing's widow has an orphan, only seven or eight years old, skipping to help him. Winter and summer change seasons, and you can go back and forth once.
The wise man on the bend laughed at the foolish old man and stopped him from doing so, saying, "You are so stupid! With your remaining years and strength, you can't even move a grass on the mountain. What can you do with mud and stones? " Gong Yu of Beishan sighed and said, "Your heart is so stubborn that you can't begin to understand, even orphans and widows can't compare with you. Even if I die, I still have a son; Son gives birth to grandson, grandson gives birth to son; A son has a son and a son has a grandson; Children and grandchildren are endless, but mountains do not increase. Are you afraid of digging rough? " There is nothing to answer about knowing beans in a meandering river.
The mountain god who caught the snake heard about it, fearing that he would dig endlessly and report to the Emperor of Heaven. The emperor was moved by Yugong's sincerity. He ordered the two sons of Hercules Kwae to move two mountains, one in the east of Shuofang and the other in the south of Yongzhou. From then on, from the south of Jizhou to the south bank of Hanshui River, there was no mountain barrier.
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Yugong Yishan-Lieyukou
original text
Taihang Mountain and Wuwangshan Mountain, 700 square miles high in Wan Ren, are located in the south of Jizhou and the north of Heyang.
The fool in Beishan is 90 years old and lives near the mountain. Punishing the traffic jam in the north of the mountain, I got together in my room and made a plan: "I will try my best to cross the south of Henan and reach Hanyin, ok?" Vague promises. His wife raised her question: "With your strength, you will never destroy the mountains of chief fathers such as Taihang and Prince Wu. And what about mud and stones? " Zayue said, "Throw yourself at the end of Bohai Sea and the north of hidden soil." Then lead the children and grandchildren to take charge of Sanfu, knock on the stone and cultivate the soil, and transport it to the end of Bohai Sea. Shi Jing, my neighbor's widow, had a man, so she began to help him. Cold and summer are easy to celebrate, and the beginning is the opposite.
Hequ Zhicuo stopped laughing and said, "What a shame! With the strength of age, you can't destroy a hair on the mountain. What are things like dirt and stones? " The foolish old man in Beishan said, "Your heart is firm but not broken. You were never a widow or a weakling. Although I am dead, I have a son; Children have grandchildren, and grandchildren have children; A son has a son and a son has a grandson; There are countless children and grandchildren, but the mountains do not increase. Why bother and injustice? " Hequ died knowing his mistake.
The snake-drying god heard this and was afraid, so he told the emperor. Feeling sincere, the emperor ordered Kwae's second son to take charge of two mountains, one is Shuodong and the other is Yongnan. Since then, the south of Hebei and the yin of Han have never been broken.
Keyword annotation
Taihang Mountain: Between the Loess Plateau and the North China Plain.
2. Wu Wang: Between Yangcheng, Yuanqu and Jiyuan in Henan.
3. Square: refers to the area.
The ancient unit of length was seven feet or eight feet.
5. Jizhou: Ancient place names, including Hebei Province, Shanxi Province, the area north of the Yellow River in Henan Province and the area west of Liaohe River in Liaoning Province.
6. Heyang: the north bank of the Yellow River. The north of the mountain and the south of the river are called Yin, and the north of Shan Zhinan and the river is called Yang.
7. and: adverbs, almost.
8. Face the mountain life: face the mountain life.
9. Chen: Be careful, which means "to suffer, to suffer for ...".
10, plug (se): blocked.
1 1, detour (yū): zigzag, detour.
12, gathering rooms: calling the whole family to discuss. Room, home
13, ru: you. Here in the plural, it means "you".
14, Bi Liping: Do your best to eradicate the steep mountains.
15, which refers to the south of Henan: all the way to the south of Yuzhou. Be direct. Yuzhou, an ancient place name, is located in the south of the Yellow River in Henan Province.
16, Hanyin: Han is Hanshui; Yin, the north of the mountain or the south of the water is called Yin.
17, offering doubts: asking questions.
18, with.
19, mixed feelings: all agreed. Miscellaneous, one after another. Xu agreed.
20. Loss:: Decrease.
2 1, Zeng: adverb, which can be translated as "Lian" ... and ... "and is often used with" no ".
22. Kuifu: The name of a Gu Shan is located in Chenliu Town, Kaifeng County, Henan Province. Qui.
23. Hill: mound.
24. Placement: Placement.
25. and: in addition.
26. Hey: interrogative pronoun, where.
27. He (hè): The meaning of bearing.
28. Husband: An adult man.
29. A dustpan is a tool made of bamboo or wicker. This means putting mud and stones in a dustpan.
30.shuāng: widow, widow.
3 1, left male: orphan, single orphan, posthumous child.
32.chèn: After the baby's deciduous teeth fall off, they change teeth and grow permanent teeth. The beginning here means age, about seven or eight years old. Replace deciduous teeth with permanent teeth
Change teeth.
33. It's easy to celebrate in cold and summer: changing seasons in winter and summer refers to a year. Simple, exchange. Festivals and seasons.
34. First time: Only once. But over and over again. How about it? Modal auxiliary words.
35. Hequ: An ancient place name, located in the west of Ruicheng County, Shanxi Province.
36.ǒ u: Old man.
37, Hui: the same as "Hui", smart; Shame means stupidity.
38. The words "such as ... him" in front of it strengthen the tone of rhetorical question.
39. Take a long breath: sigh.
40, a hair: a grass and a tree, born in the vegetation on the ground, here refers to a small part of the mountain.
4 1, your heart is solid, solid: your heart is stubborn, stubborn to the point where it cannot be changed. Cars, children.
42.kuì: Do your best.
43. Although I am dead: Even if I am dead. Although, even if. It is used between subject and predicate and has no practical significance.
44. bitterness: sadness.
45, death (wú) to answer: There is nothing to answer. Death means "nothing".
46. Snake God: The mythical mountain god holds a snake in his hand, so he is called the snake god. Fuck, wait a minute.
47. I am afraid: I am afraid that he will continue to work. The first is Yu Gong. It's, uh, stopped.
48. Emperor: The legendary Emperor of Heaven.
49. Feeling sincere: I was moved by his sincerity. Be moved.
50. Quayle: A powerful god in mythology.
5 1, negative: back.
52.cua: same as "cua", placed.
53. Shuodong: It is the area east of Shuofang, which refers to the east of Shanxi Province.
54. Yong: Yongzhou, in today's Shaanxi and Gansu areas.
56. Dragon section: monopoly, hills, highlands.
57. Liezi: This is the name of an ancient book, which belongs to China's Taoist works in the pre-Qin period. There are two theories about this book. One is made by Lieyukou in the early years of the Warring States Period. The other is written by people in the late Jin Dynasty, and there is no conclusion. There are many fables and legends in the book.
Different meanings of ancient and modern times
1 refers to
Ancient meaning: straight, always.
Today's meaning: finger; finger
2. Zeng
Ancient meaning: even ...
Today: Once.
3, Mao
Ancient meaning: vegetation
Modern meaning: hair
4. Yang (surname)
Ancient meaning: Shan Zhinan, the north of water.
Today: the sun
5. Yin Dynasty in China
Ancient meaning: north of the mountain, south of the water.
Today: cloudy
6th
Ancient meaning: arrive
Meaning: all kinds, many.
7. Interest
Ancient meaning: sigh
Meaning: rest
8. despite
Ancient meaning: even if
Meaning: Although
9. already
Ancient meaning: stop
It means: already
10, square
Ancient meaning: Fiona Fang
Modern meaning: often refers to a rectangle.
1 1, punishment
Ancient meaning: suffering from
Modern significance: punishment
12, bitter
Ancient meaning: trouble
Today's meaning: a medicine that can dry, drain and strengthen.
Netherlands, 13
Ancient meaning: pick
Today's meaning: lotus, also known as lotus, lotus, whip tip, water hibiscus, water, cloud water, water Dan, water and so on. , Xike, Yuhuan are its elegant names, the unopened bud is called Cymbidium, and the blooming flower is called Whipple. Nymphaeaceae is a perennial aquatic perennial herb whose underground stem is called lotus root. It is one of the top ten famous flowers in China. It is the national flower of India.
Flexible use of parts of speech
1, danger: adjective as noun, steep mountain.
2. Basket: Nouns are verbs, and the basket is filled with stones and earth.
3, face: nouns as adverbials, face.
4. get together: get together with verbs, which is equivalent to: "get together."
5, bitterness: adjectives as verbs, sad
polysemy
1, he's scared. He is also a pronoun. He is like a stone. He strengthened his rhetorical tone, feeling that he was sincere and his wife doubted him.
2. With the help of the monarch, the independence of the subject-predicate sentence was abolished and the pronouns of the emperor were informed. This matter jumped to the pronoun of asking for help, which meant that he mentioned Yu Gong.
3, and at the age of 90, the soil will be turned to stone.
4. What about mud and stones? Where do interrogative pronouns begin to emphasize mood?
5, and living in front of the mountain means why the decoration is bitter and uneven, which means undertaking, but the mountain does not increase, which means a turning point.
Common words
1, meaning southern Henan "means" straight ",all the time.
2, cold and summer are easy to celebrate, and the beginning is reversed. "Reverse" means "return", round trip.
3, it's embarrassing, you are not good. "Hui" means "Hui", smart.
4. Hequ died knowing his mistake. "Death" means "nothing", nothing.
5. A trip to Weinan. "Cuo" means "quantity", placing.
6, not broken. "Long" leads to "long" and highland.
inverted sentence
1, sorry, you don't like it. It's too bad that you are so smart.
2. What about mud and stones? In inverted sentences, the interrogative pronoun "Yan" is advanced.
3, so there is the rate of children and grandchildren. Inverted sentence, attributive "Sanfu" is postpositioned.
4. Tell the emperor. The premise of the adverbial "Yu Di" in inverted sentences.
5. Why bother?
passive sentence
1, the emperor feels sincere. Passive sentences. The Emperor of Heaven was moved by his sincerity.
elliptical sentence
1, (Taihang Mountain and Wuwangshan Mountain) is located in the south of Jizhou and the north of Heyang. "-the subject" Taihang Mountain and the Prince of Wu "is omitted in this sentence.
2, so there is the rate of children and grandchildren. Omit the ellipsis of the subject Gong Yu.
The emperor felt very sincere. Elliptic sentence, omitting the preposition "Yu"-the emperor feels sincere.
4. Aco (middle) is in the east of Shuodong, and Aco (middle) is in Yongnan.
Creation background
In the early Warring States period, a hundred schools of thought contended. When spreading their own ideas, various factions often used a large number of vivid stories to illustrate abstract truth. In this way, fables flourished like never before.
works appreciation
The theme of Yu Gong Li Yishan's ancient poems about Yukou is Heng Tao.
The story "A Mountain of Yugong" is an ancient poem by Yukou, which is "from Liezi". Between the lines of Liezi's text, the idea of advocating emptiness and quietness is expressed, and the positive role of human beings in nature is emphasized. The fable that "the foolish old man lies in an ancient poem" is also a full interpretation of the core idea of Liezi's text;
First of all, the story of "Yu Gong Yi Shan Yu Kou Ancient Poetry" symbolizes the eternity of Tao. Connecting with other chapters, from the holistic and systematic analysis of Liezi, it can be seen that Liezi not only inherits the thought of "constant Tao" in Tao Te Ching, but also develops it from the perspective of process theory. When it comes to Yin and Yang, Tian Rui used "Taiyi, Shu Tai, Taishi and Tai Su" to refer to the different stages of the metaplasia of heaven and earth. Finally, the author uses the numbers from "one" to "nine" to symbolize the circular movement of the avenue. In fact, the endless images of children and grandchildren in the story "A Mountain of Yugong" can be regarded as the eternal sustenance of the spirit of Avenue. Secondly, the story expresses the Taoist concept of "holding one". This concept originated from Laozi's Tao Te Ching, and was inherited and interpreted by Taoist works such as Liezi and Zhuangzi. Taoism's "one" is an important concept based on the integrity, eternity and deformation of "Tao", which embodies the high abstraction of philosophy. The Tao Te Ching says that "the Tao gives birth to one" and that "saints embrace one for the world". Extending to social life, "embracing one" is characterized by perseverance and firm belief. Although Gong Yu is old, he firmly believes that he can move two mountains, and lead future generations to dig more mountains, and practice the Taoist spirit of "harmony but difference" with practical actions.
After Zhang Zhan's annotation of Liezi, the story of "A Mountain with a Foolish Duke" has been widely circulated, but more often, this story has been divorced from the context in which Liezi quoted this story, which is no longer a footnote of a philosophical proposition, but an independent story that can be interpreted at will, which is also based on the extensibility of the story itself and the possibility of multiple interpretations. Because of this, this story has been interpreted in literature, philosophy and even folk beliefs.
Yu Gong He De, help the clock move mountains; What birds defend carefully? They want to grab stones and block the sea. (Southern and Northern Dynasties \ Yu Xin's Julian Forty-four \ 38) It is wrong for birds to block the sea, but it is not stupid to move mountains.
Tang Qiu Hung-chien also mentioned the image of Yu Gong in Yu Gong Li Yishan Yu Kou's Poem Fu. He said, "those who stop everything are rooted, those who know everything are human." . Roots set risks for mountains, and the human body is connected with the spirit. As we all know, Alexander has a big heart and can discuss their interests. Yesterday, Taihang Mountain was towering and the imperial house was solid. Yan Qian disputes, Wan Ren answers each other. Frost accumulates in summer and condenses, and the source and stream are accumulated in spring. There is a stupid man looking at the foot of the forest. He lived in the pass to punish Qi Han's cruelty. Inspire the ambition of the elderly and want to move mountains; It is better to worry about the year of the sea than to count it.
The world began to know the greatness of Yugong, but it was unpredictable; Boast how powerful the power of moths is! If you don't accept the help of the dead, Lotus will follow the wisdom of the old man. If you live in a trap, you will encounter difficulties in the future, and you will end up being superficial to your husband. Today, the work of moving mountains has been completed, and the land north of the river has been leveled. This is the way of Yugong. The guest feels: although things are extraordinary, there are also reasonable or false things. Many differences lie in dead sheep, which also refers to horses. Tired of filling in words, reluctant to move mountains. I also know that my husband has accomplished nothing, thanks to his uncle. Here, the author puts forward the theory of "harmony between man and nature" in the ancient poems of Yugong Yishan. Put forward the view that "knowing the mountain is big, people's hearts are also big". The success of moving mountains lies in "the way of fools" and "the way of body lies in channeling", so man and heaven are United and finally succeed.
Man is greater than heaven, heaven and earth are one, and man can feel heaven. This is the philosophical thought and spirit gained by people in the Tang Dynasty by interpreting the ancient poems of Yugong Yishan. Regardless of his "ambition", "self-reliance" or "sincere heart", the image of Yugong has been affirmed and praised. To educate future generations.
The traditional narrative moral is that when encountering difficulties, we should carry forward the spirit of Yukou's ancient poem "A foolish man and a mountain", be brave in facing difficulties, face them, persevere and strive for final victory. This is a classic narrative technique with profound implications. [5]
The Ancient Poetry written by Yu Gong Li Yishan is an allegorical story with simple materialism and simple dialectics. Through the depiction of the image of Yu Gong, it shows the firm confidence and tenacious perseverance of the working people in ancient China, and shows that "Yu Gong is not stupid, but not wise". As long as he is not afraid of difficulties and persists in struggle, he will certainly succeed in his career, which is very enlightening to people.
The dialogue between the foolish old man and the wise old man is inserted into the text, which contains a unique fable philosophy and is quite thought-provoking.
Hequ said with a smile, "Unfortunately, you don't like it. "。 With the strength of old age, you can't destroy a hair on the mountain. What are things like dirt and stones? " "
Zhisou's "smile" is a contemptuous gesture of dismissing Yugong's ancient poems about mountains. Zhisou's "stop" is a rude intervention in Yugong's ancient poems relying on mountains. The wise old man thought it was incredible that a fool could move mountains and rivers in his eyes, so he blurted it out and poured cold water on him. Zhisou laughed at Gong Yu's clumsiness for the same reason as Gong Yu's wife, but their attitudes were different. One is to think highly of him and try to stop him, and the other is to ask questions to solve the problem.
Wisdom is more than appearance, but stupidity is in it. Therefore, the first reward for Yu Gong's cynicism about wisdom is a sigh to express his regret that wisdom is so cold and ignorant. Then, he retorted: "Your heart is solid and inseparable, and you have never been too weak. Although I am dead, I have a son; Children have grandchildren, and grandchildren have children; A son has a son and a son has a grandson; There are countless children and grandchildren, but the mountains do not increase. Why bother and injustice? " Sharp words, revealing the tiles in front. This passage contains many empty thoughts, expounds the simple dialectical relationship between "finite" and "infinite", and further shows the spirit of fools facing difficulties.
Zhisou only saw Yu Gong's "spare capacity" and the difficult side of the mountain, but he couldn't see the side where human beings continued and the mountain didn't increase, so he could call it "solid", which was short-sighted compared with Yu Gong's vision. Gong Yu despised mountains, dared to move mountains, made progress despite difficulties, and persevered, because he saw the role of people. With hard work, things can be changed. It can be seen that fools are stupid and wise men are wise.
In the end, the article moved mountains and won the final victory, and the contradiction was solved. As the end of the story, it is full of romanticism. Due to the underdevelopment of ancient productive forces and natural sciences, people often fantasize that superman's power can help people move mountains and fill the sea and conquer nature. Therefore, the author wrote "The Snake God" with romantic artistic imagination, fearing to hear Gong Yu dig mountains endlessly. He told the "Heaven Emperor" and "The Emperor felt very sincere" and sent two Hercules to carry the two mountains away.
This is obviously a myth, which does not exist objectively, but it reflects people's strong desire to "conquer nature" and the magnificent spirit of changing nature at that time, and also reflects the author's firm belief in the philosophical thought expounded in his works, which has been affirmed in the form of myth. I hope that the future ideal will be realized in myth, with philosophical thoughts in imagination. The author writes this way in order to inspire people spiritually and infect people emotionally.
This fable has two remarkable artistic features in writing:
First of all, the application of contrast technology is quite successful. In order to highlight Gong Yu's spirit of "digging mountains and rivers to stop" and emphasize the correctness of this philosophical thought that contradictions can be transformed into each other, this paper compares "infinite children and grandchildren" with "mountains do not increase"; In order to show the fearless spirit when moving mountains and inspire people to master this philosophical thought, this paper compares the "90-year-old" Yugong, the family of "three husbands for children and grandchildren" and the assistant of "Shi" with the two mountains of "Wan Ren is 700 miles high". In order to show that fools are not stupid and wise men are not wise, and to show the power of this philosophical thought, the artistic image of fools is gradually completed through the contrast between the "stop laughing" at the beginning of the wise man and the "nothing to answer" after being refuted, and so on.
Second, the story is cleverly arranged. Although the full text is short, it is full of twists and turns, ups and downs, compact writing and smooth pen and ink, which makes people interested after reading it. The article puts out the contradiction between man and mountain, and writes that Yugong "gathers in the room and asks for it", and the whole family agrees. Then it's time to move mountains together. Who knows that Yugong's wife expressed doubts, full of twists and turns, but all doubts were specific problems encountered in Yishan. If these specific problems are not solved, the contradiction between man and mountain will not be solved. After discussion, the grand occasion of moving mountains appeared, and then it should be a bitter battle. Unexpectedly, a wise old man jumped out and formed an obstacle to moving mountains. There is a heated debate between the Old Fool and the Wise Old Man, which reveals the philosophical thought contained in the fable, not only highlights the spiritual value of the Fool, but also deepens the theme of the work.
In a simple story of more than 300 words, if more contradictions are described together, dramatic artistic effects can be obtained. Otherwise, writing on the flat slope will not only be boring, but more importantly, the content to be emphasized will not be emphasized, and the theme will not be satisfactorily expressed through the characterization. Generally speaking, from simple to complex, it is not easy in plot arrangement, so if it is not handled well, it will make people feel complicated or simple. The story of Yu Gong Li Yishan's ancient poems is simple in itself, but it shows complexity from the sharp contradiction, which enhances the ups and downs of the article and is fascinating. There is no simplification in solving spear quality. Yugong advised his wife not to be carried away by empty talk, but to rely on everyone to find a way. Refuting intellectual search is not a general contradiction, but a matter of principle. Yu Gong's "rationality" is not an empty theory. This is the essence of philosophy in his works. Every word is like a hammer spark, and every sentence is like a sharp arrow. It is a personalized language and a language with profound philosophical thoughts. Just like this, reasoning can be strong, reasoning is bound to be poor, and fools refute wisdom and have no words. The debate between them pushed the story to a climax, which fully demonstrated the significance of fable.
Brief introduction of the author
Lieyukou, also known as Yukou (also known as "Yong Kou" and "Guo Kou"), is said to be a Taoist and a Zheng native in the early Warring States period, contemporary with Zheng Miaogong. His knowledge originated from the Yellow Emperor Laozi, and he advocated to wait and see. At the end of the Han Dynasty, there were eight volumes of Liezi in the "Daoism" section of Ban Gu's Records of Literature and Art, which had long been lost.