Hubei Province is a multi-ethnic province with 1 autonomous prefecture, 2 autonomous counties, 12 ethnic townships and 20 ethnic villages. Ethnic minorities such as Tujia, Miao, Dong, Bai and Mongolian live together in the ethnic autonomous areas in southwest Hubei, while ethnic minorities such as Hui, Manchu, Mongolian, Uygur, Tujia and Miao live together in other areas. The total population of ethnic autonomous areas is more than 4.5 million, and the total population of ethnic minorities is more than 2 million, accounting for120 of the province's population. The land area is nearly 30,000 square kilometers, accounting for16 of the province's area. People of all ethnic groups in Hubei have created splendid national culture in this land, and the national cultural resources are rich.

First, Hubei ethnic and cultural resources

According to the popular classification method, culture can be divided into material culture and intangible culture, so Hubei's national culture can also be divided into these two categories.

material culture

1, early human site

There are "Homo erectus" in early human sites in Hubei ethnic areas, which were identified by experts from Chinese Academy of Sciences and Peking University, and their age ranged from 6.5438+0.2 million years to 2.5 million years. The time of Changyang people is about 200,000 years. Changyang fruit wine stone and Lichuan man fossil are both 50 thousand years ago.

Neolithic sites and cultural relics include Beixi Cultural Site in Nanmuyuan Town, Badong County, Daxi Cultural Site in Guandukou, Daxi Cultural Tomb in Nanmuyuan Li Jiawan, Qujialing Cultural Tombs in Li Jiawan, Shi Jia Cultural Site in Leijiaping, Badong County, Xixiping and Daganping Daxi Cultural Sites in Changyang County, Yueliangshan Village in Changle Ping Town, Wufeng County, and He Qiao Site in Yuyangguan Town. The sites in Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties include: Xianglushi Site in Yuxiankou Town, Changyang County, Niubaiwei in laifeng county, Diaoshuihe Site, Shang and Zhou Site in Nan 'anping, Xiaxikou, Leijiaping, Brewmaster Ping, Nanmuyuan, Honggaoling, Yanjiaping, Liu Jiahe Site, Jingyang River in Hefeng County and Muddy Water River in Enshi City.

2. Sites and cultural relics after the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period

Cultural sites and cultural relics in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period are: Chu Tomb in Xikou of Badong County and Leijiaping Warring States Site; Bronze pheasants, copper pots, bells and other bronzes unearthed in Tunpu, Enshi City; 1 bronze spoon unearthed from Tielu Township, Hefeng County; 1 pot unearthed in laifeng county; Six chimes were unearthed in Jindong, Xianfeng County; There is also jiannan in Lichuan city. Cultural sites and unearthed cultural relics discovered from the Han Dynasty to the Six Dynasties: the upper culture of Waicunli site in Changyang County is the remains of the Han Dynasty, with pottery pots and pots. Rope tiles such as pipe tiles were unearthed at Zhouyaping site in Changyang county. The remains of the Western Han Dynasty site in Yesanguan ancient county of Badong include pottery and tiles. According to the analysis of excavation briefing, from Han Dynasty to Six Dynasties, human activities were frequent here, then declined for a time, and prospered again in Ming and Qing Dynasties. [7] Remains such as pipe tiles and slab tiles have also been unearthed at the Taofukou site in Badong County. 1 iron axe, 1 bronze seal and 5 baht coins unearthed from Yaping Han Tomb in Changyang Prefecture. Dozens of tombs of the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties have been found in Badong County, including Nanmuyuan, Wangjiawu, Xikou and Longbanhe. There are more than 0 tombs of Han, Wei and Six Dynasties in Xikou 10. Unearthed pottery includes pots, pans and urns, bronzes include bronze swords, pots and mirrors, ironware includes iron knives, iron sickles and iron saws, and porcelain includes pots and pans and four series of pots. The relics found in the Eastern Han tombs of Longchuan River Carved Building in Badong include pottery boxes, bronze mirrors, five baht money, glass tubes, buckles, bone beads, stone axes and lacquerware.

After Qin and Han Dynasties, some cliff tombs were found in Qingjiang River Basin, such as 43 cliff tombs in Dawangba and Lanjiazhai of Lichuan City, Yueyan and Sanchahe Cliff Tomb in Enshi City, Touba Cliff Tomb in Jianshi County, Jiamachi Box Rock and Golden Cave Hanging Coffin in Xianfeng County, and Xianren Cave Cliff Tomb in Maodong, laifeng county.

Cultural relics in Tujia areas in Tang and Song Dynasties: Banwa, Tongwa and "Xining Chongbao" coins were found at Taofukou site in Badong County. Cultural relics unearthed from the Tang and Song Dynasties site in Feng Ba, Enshi Prefecture include pots, jars, bowls and other pottery. The cultural relics unearthed from the tombs of the Song Dynasty in the courtyard of Enshi Prefecture Committee include bronze mirrors, porcelain pots, lacquer cups, bowls and inkstones. Iron rings and copper coins unearthed from Zhujiatai Tomb in Tielu Township, Hefeng County. The cultural relics collected in Shuiman Fort Fu Xuan, laifeng county, include fish pattern bricks, simple tiles and slate tiles. The important site in this period is Jiuzhou City Site in Enshi City.

Tusi remains and tombstone stone carvings in Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties are very rich. There are mainly Tangya Tusi City Site, Rongmei Tusi Site and Shinan Tusi Site. In addition, Xianfeng Tusi also found the seal of 1 stone pillar, stone carving, iron shovel and "Golden Cave Pacification Department". There are 50 gold cans, 2 silver bowls and 39 gold and silver utensils unearthed from Maoerbao Stone Tomb in Xuanen County. Laifeng county Baihusi Town has Mao Cave to appease Yuan Bo's tomb and its inscription in Baihu Township. The epitaphs of Rongmei Xuanwei's ambassadors Tian Jiufeng and Tian Jiulong are still preserved in Dongyang Bay, Hefeng County. There are two "Middle-Earth Boundary Monuments" in Hongyuping Piaoshui Rock and Xiejiaping Bamboo Bridge in Wufeng County.