(Guizhou Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development, Guizhou Geological Society)
Chen Lvan
(Guizhou Geological Research Institute, Guizhou Geological Society)
Mr. Chen Zhanxi is one of the earliest scholars who received modern geoscience education in China. Judging from the collected data, he should be the first person who has received systematic modern geoscience education in Guizhou Province, and has made many contributions to the application and dissemination of modern geoscience knowledge in China. However, due to his wandering all his life, the information about his activities is scattered, and the records of his life in local chronicles are mostly based on memories and legends, which are not accurate. After sorting out and doing some textual research on the collected materials, the author introduces some of Mr. Chen Zhanxi's life stories to readers, hoping to help everyone. I hope that readers who have had contact with Mr. Chen Zhanxi or have mastered relevant information will correct the fallacies in this article and give me relevant information, providing clues and help.
Chen Zhanxi, whose real name is Zuen, is called Zhanxi. Born in the eighth year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1882), he was born in Dashuigou (now zhijin county, Guizhou), the north gate of Pingyuan Prefecture. 65,438+00 years old, can write poetry. 65,438+02 years old, admitted to Guangxu University of Science and Technology (now Dafang County, Guizhou Province) Wu Jia (65,438+0894), a scholar. At that time, he was known as a child prodigy. After studying in Guishan College, he was approved by Guizhou provincial government to eat food with excellent results. 1904 (Chen Jia), admitted to Shi Jing University Hall (predecessor of Peking University) with the approval of the Ministry of Rites, and graduated from 1908. 19 10 years (Geng Xu), together with famous scholars from China, Hu Mingfu, Zhou Ren, Hu Shi, Zhu Kezhen, Guo Xianxian, Qian, etc., won the second batch of Geng-style international students, and studied in the Department of Geology of Columbia University in new york, USA, and obtained a doctorate.
Mr. Chen Zhanxi returned to China on 19 17 (Ding Si). He has successively served as engineer of Banxi Antimony Mine in Yiyang, Hunan (19 18), coal engineer of Zhongxing Coal Mine in Shandong (now Zibo Coal Mine), technical engineer of Tangshan Mining Bureau in Hebei (1923) and professor of Southeast University (predecessor of Nanjing University) (65438). , Professor of Beiyang University (predecessor of Tianjin University), Professor of Xiamen University (1926), Professor of Pingxiang Mining Bureau of Jiangxi Province (1927), Professor of Ministry of Railways (1928), Professor of Jiaozuo Coal Mine, Professor of Yantongshan Iron Mine (1 929 ~ 650) 935 ~ 65438+)), professor of Tangshan Institute of Technology of Jiaotong University (moved to Pingyao County of Guizhou Province during the Anti-Japanese War) (1939 ~ 1944), professor of Guizhou University (1946 ~ 1953), professor of Kunming Institute of Technology (/. 1958 died at the age of 76.
Mr. Chen Zhanxi loves poetry very much, and often tells his friends his poems, including Bai Yuji, a collection of poems, and a discussion on "Filling the Vacancy in Universities".
Mr. Zhan Zhanxi has been working in the front line of teaching mines for a long time, and there are not many scientific and technological writings. Only two books are known: Genetic Classification of Rocks and Calculation of the Depth of Magnetic Sediments. The latter is published in American Society of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers (Journal of American Society of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers) 1940 or so (specific issues to be investigated).
During his study in the United States, Mr. Chen Zhanxi took an active part in various activities for overseas students in China, and once participated in the establishment of the Science Society of China. Influenced by the idea of saving the country by domestic industry, on June 19 14, nine students studying in the United States, including Ren Hongjuan and Yang Quan, initiated the establishment of China Science Society in Isega Town, new york, USA. When the Science Society of China was founded, it was actually a science magazine. It takes the form of a joint-stock company, with shares as the capital for publishing science and science magazines as an industry. "Shareholders have the right to enjoy the surplus." Initially, 40 shares will be sold at the price of $65,438+00 per share, of which 20 shares will be borne by the promoters and the remaining 20 shares will be sold. Unexpectedly, after the establishment of the Science Society of China, it caused a strong response in the academic circles studying in the United States, and the number of people who asked for shares greatly exceeded the founder's plan. By July of 19 15, there were 76 shareholders of China Science Society, and they subscribed for 106 shares. If paid in full, the share capital can reach 1060 USD, which is 2. Six times as much as expected. Among them, the promoters Ren Hongjuan and Kuen Yeung have the highest subscription amount, with 3 shares each, and the other 7 promoters have 2 shares each. Ji Daxiong, Zou, Chen Zhanxi, Qian, Chen Qingyao, etc. also made appraisals of these two schools. 18 people, who, together with the sponsors, became the backbone of the Chinese science society in its initial stage. Although studying in the United States with G-money is at public expense and the living expenses are relatively abundant, $ 10 ~ 30 is really a big sum for them, so we must scrimp and save. For example, Zhao Yuanren once said that the Science Society of China was not established for a long time, and some people tried to support it by saving money. For a time, he was malnourished. On another occasion, he and his classmate J. C. S. Tung launched an economic meal competition, and soon both of them fell ill with a cold. Most of the shares recognized by foreign students are paid in two or three installments, and the two shares of $20 recognized by Mr. Chen Zhanxi are paid in three installments. The Science Society of China was reorganized into a pure academic society on 19 15125 October, and moved back to China on June 5438+09 18 with the grand goal of "developing science in China". The Science Society of China has greatly promoted the development of modern science in China.
19 17 Mr. Chen Zhanxi has been active on the stage of science and technology since he came back from the United States. He has taught geoscience courses in many universities and participated in the pioneering work of academic groups such as Academia Sinica and China Geographical Society.
192 1 autumn, Southeast University officially opened. President Zhu Kezhen advocated the establishment of a new geography department, and also recruited students to teach. The new geography department adds new courses such as geology and meteorology, strengthens the teaching of natural science, and trains many geologists who "take the investigation of the national topography, climate, nationalities, animals and plants, and minerals as their own responsibility". This department includes geography, meteorology, geology and minerals. Courses offered include: general geology, meteorology, geology, paleontology, China geography, world geography, world climate, mineralogy, topographic survey, cartography, historical geology and geological survey. All students majoring in geography must take the above courses. To this end, Zhu Kezhen hired experts such as Zeng, Xu Weiman, Chen Zhanxi and Xu Yuanmo to teach students various new courses. The Department has trained many experts in geography, meteorology and geology, such as Hu Huanyong, Zhang Qiyun, Wang Yong, Xiangda, Yuan Jianqi, Lv Jiong and Zhu Binghai. 1930 Geology Department was established independently. Before and after this, the professors included (professor of general petrology, senior petrology and soil geology), Sun, (professor of structural geology and topographic survey), Zheng Houhuai (professor of general mineralogy and economic geology), Zeng, Chen Zhanxi, Xu Weiman and Xu Yuanmo.
1927 in may, the political conference of the central Committee of the Nanjing Kuomintang held its 90th meeting, and decided to set up the preparatory office of the academia sinica, and presumed Cai Yuanpei, Li Yuying (i.e. Li Shiceng) and Renjie Zhang (i.e. Zhang Jingjiang) as the preparatory committee members. In July, Nanjing National Government promulgated the Regulations on the Organization of the University of the Republic of China (later renamed the Ministry of Education). Article 7 stipulates that the research institute shall set up the Academia Sinica. 10, the university was established; In June 5438 +065438+10, Dean Cai Yuanpei hired more than 30 scholars, including Wang Jitong, Xu Yuanmo, Zhu Kezhen, Chen Zhanxi, Zeng Zhaolun, Guo Renyuan and Hu, to form the preparatory meeting of the Academia Sinica of the University of the Republic of China and various special committees. 165438+1October 20th, the preparatory meeting of academia sinica held a meeting, and adopted the "Regulations on the Organization of Academia Sinica of the University of the Republic of China", which identified Academia Sinica as the highest scientific research institution in the Republic of China, and its duty was to directly engage in research work, and to guide, assist, contact and reward national scientific research undertakings. Cai Yuanpei, the president of the university, is also the president of the research institute, and Yang Quan, director of the university education administration department, is also the secretary of the research institute. It was decided to set up four research institutions: Institute of Physical and Chemical Industry, Institute of Social Sciences, Institute of Geology and Observatory. Weng Wenhao, Li Siguang, Zhu Jiahua, Chen Zhanxi, Li Ji, Xu Yuanmo, etc. are presumed to be the preparatory staff of the Institute of Geology.
1933 In March, with Weng, Zhu Kezhen and 40 earth scientists as sponsors, the Chinese Geographical Society was established. Chen Zhanxi attended the first annual meeting of the Society and the social affairs conference held during it. Only Weng, Zhu Kezhen, Cai Yuanming, Wei Runshan, Liu Yimou, Miao, Liu Enlan, Zhu Tinghu, Chen Zhanxi, Zhu, Deng Qidong, Fang Hu, Zhang Qiyun and so on 13 people attended the social affairs meeting, so Chen Zhanxi should be one of the sponsors.
"July 7th Incident" in 1937. /kloc-in July of 0/7, the Japanese invaders occupied the campus of Tangshan Institute of Technology of Jiaotong University. After many twists and turns, the teachers and students of the school arrived in Pingyue County (now Fuquan County) of Guizhou Province on June 28th 1939. The Guizhou Provincial Government ordered Pingyue County to make arrangements for the relocation of Tangshan Institute of Technology of Jiaotong University to Pingyue. The Pingyao county government vacated the county middle schools in the Confucian Temple as classrooms and offices, vacated the county primary schools in the old examination room as student dormitories, and rented some houses, which were slightly renovated and used as dormitories for professors and their families. Later, a simple library was built on Fuquan Mountain, and two playgrounds, large and small, were opened. 1In March, 939, more than 20 professors, including former teachers Luo, Wu Jinghu, Huang Shouyan, Gu, Li, Zhu Taixin, Lin Bingxian, Xu, Fan Zhilun, Shao, Luo He, Yang Yaogan, arrived at the school one after another. Dean Mao Yisheng hired professors He Jie, Chen Maokang and Chen Zhanxi. 194 1 In July, Tangshan Engineering College of Jiaotong University and Railway Management College of Beiping Jiaotong University merged in Pingyao, which was called Guizhou Branch of Jiaotong University. 1944 65438+In February, Gui Xiang fell, and Pingyue was in an emergency. 1945 65438+ 10, the school moved to Chongqing. During the resumption of classes in Pingyue, Jiaotong University trained many students with expertise and high quality, and gradually became the pillar of the country after graduation. Among them, She, Lin Bingnan, Xiao Jimei, Xu, Tan Jingyi, Chen Nengkuan and Zhuang Zhiyu were elected as members and academicians of the department; Masters of architecture, survey and design are: She, Hu Huiquan; The winners of two bombs and one satellite meritorious medal are: Chen Nengkuan and Ge Changchun.
Mr. Chen Zhanxi is a patriotic scientist and educator. He is a very caring and backbone person. He loved his motherland very much and worked hard with a group of people of insight at that time to get rid of poverty and weakness for his motherland. He is very sympathetic to the poor who are struggling at the bottom of society, but he despises or even reviles the rich and powerful who oppress the poor.
Mr. Chen Zhanxi maintained friendly relations with Zhu Kezhen, Weng, Yang Quan, Yao Sheng, Guo Tanxian, Liu Furuo, Lu Jine, Mao Yisheng, Wu and other famous scholars at that time. In particular, it has a close relationship with ice.
Bing Zhi is a pioneer of biological research in China. He founded the first biology department in China during his teaching in Southeast University. Mr. Chen Zhanxi and Mr. Bing Zhi have taught in Southeast University and Xiamen University, and they often answer with poems. Many poems in Bai Yuji are written for ice.
During 1929, a famous agricultural educator, cotton breeder and forestation pioneer died after a visit. Mr. Chen Zhanxi and Mr. Jian Boju wrote poems to mourn;
North Hebei strives for the sky and the East China Sea helps each other; Twenty years have passed, and I know it in a different place. As a guest in Beijing, I will forget my thoughts; Talk more during the party, and it won't take long to walk. A thousand years' work is the teacher of a generation; Sad for family honor, sad for friends. Not only went to the bedroom door to cry, but also Chen Hao's poems; Especially after pity for Mingde, Guilin's eight branches withered.
When Mr. Chen Zhanxi was studying in Shi Jing University Hall, he studied poetry under Chen Yan (Shiyi), a modern poet in China, and he still kept close contact after many years. 1926, he confided to the teacher with the poem "Two Lessons from Chen Shi":
And thanks to my teacher in Nanhai, seventy people are handsome and natural and unrestrained; Rich countries plan to forget the past, and the aftermath is beautiful and shocking. Pass on the scriptures, spare your heart, and put pen to paper from Changli to Dashan; Half a hundred students hold their heads high and ask, who is Sven between heaven and earth?
Hua Yue Sanfeng Stone has cracks, which are sincere at first sight; I don't know the four degrees in Qinchuan's eyes, just like Man Chen's two feelings.
Mr. Chen Zhanxi showed his patriotism and love for his country and people in many of his poems, such as hearing about the Wuhan Uprising, welcoming the guests of China students of Columbia University, opening the Anyuan Pingxiang General Union, mourning the miners buried alive in Kailuan, and four mourning poems about the death of 3,000 miners in Fushun Coal Mine on February 8, 20 10. Three of them are recorded at the end, from which readers can get a glimpse of Mr. Wang's mental journey.
Welcome Song of China Students from Columbia University (19 14):
The long river waves swept away the ichthyosaurs, and the Nanling clouds crossed the sky; Only I, the yellow race, can care about the emperor as soon as possible, and my good country will be there for generations. Rites and music in the Zhou Dynasty were intense in Han and Tang Dynasties, and the ancient state was brilliant.
Liancheng attacked its stone, and the ancient tripod stayed fragrant; The huge immersion and the collection of European and American waters shocked the light of the tomb. China's cultural relics belong to Geng, and it is beyond my reach to worship my youth.
Datong Yahua, inspiring, two males, one white and one yellow; When Huang Bai shook hands, all sentient beings went to Hua Xu Township. Teachers, students and friends celebrate this night, and the peaceful world will be whipped first.
Anyuan Pingxiang Federation of Trade Unions opens (1927);
The red flag rises from the clouds and the golden sound moves; Ten thousand people win the meeting, and eight feet build a high platform. Rolling words across the gorge, thunder and lightning; Profound and angry, I turned around several times.
Mourning poem for miners buried alive in Kailuan (1929);
Only for gold and not for man, since ancient times, thunder has been the emperor; On the road next to Qinhuangdao, how many three good people died for Qin.
From 1935 to 1936, Mr. Chen Zhanxi used to be the director of the Construction Department of Guizhou Province and the director of the Transportation Bureau. It is said that Chiang Kai-shek visited Guizhou and summoned officials from the provincial government and various departments. Mr. Chen Zhanxi first avoided seeing it, but after being named, his words were contradictory, so he angered Chiang Kai-shek and was dismissed.
Mr. Chen Zhanxi is good at mine geology and meticulous in his work. Mr. Chen Zhanxi's nephew Chen Zhiping worked in Gejiu tin mine from 1942 to 1944, where he met an old worker. When he learned that Chen Zhiping was Mr. Chen Zhanxi's nephew, he talked about a past event. The old worker was buried underground for a week while building a well in the main shaft of Yangchaotang. He said to Chen Zhiping, "When your uncle was in the mine, he went down every day, with a small hammer in his hand, knocking on the temporary support of the shaft wall and hitting it to the west. Nobody noticed. Who knows, just out of the mine, because the temporary support was not inspected frequently, the problem could not be found immediately. Dozens of workers have been buried underground for seven or eight days, and after being rescued, they are dying and can only collapse every day. Everyone said: If old Chen Man were in the mine, this kind of thing would never happen. As the chief engineer of a mining enterprise, in order to protect the safety of miners, he insisted on checking production safety at the construction site, which shows his responsible spirit for the work.
Mr. Chen Zhanxi has been teaching in many colleges and universities for more than 30 years, which can be said to be full of peaches and plums. However, Mr. Wang has been dead for nearly half a century, and even his youngest disciple is now too old to visit him. The first author of this paper once met a student of Mr. Chen Zhanxi in Tangshan Institute of Technology. Speaking of his teacher, it was more than ten years ago.
1August 993 17, went to Liuzhi Mining Bureau to attend the demonstration meeting of feasibility study report (revised draft) of Zhijin coal mine development. This meeting is very important, and its conclusions will serve as the basis for the State Council's decision-making. Therefore, the Ministry of Energy sent an expert group composed of experts from Beijing Coal Design Institute and Wuhan Coal Design Institute 10 to participate in the demonstration. When the waiter who handled the accommodation registration learned that I was the deputy magistrate of zhijin county, he told me: "An expert from Beijing left a message saying that the leaders of the zhijin county municipal government should arrange to meet as soon as possible after they arrived." I asked the waiter the room number of the expert, and immediately went to visit after I put down my luggage. The expert is an old gentleman who looks over 70 years old. After I explained my purpose, the old man took my hand and introduced himself and said, "My name is Tuoshilu. My teacher, Chen Zhanxi, is a zhijin county native and a very admirable master. I hope you can help me find his family and arrange a meeting if possible. " With the help of Comrade Chen Yiqin, then deputy secretary of the county party committee, we found Mr. Chen Zhanxi's niece, Mr. Chen Zhuoruo, and arranged for them to meet during the expert group's on-site inspection in zhijin county.
While speaking, Mr. Zhuo Ruo took out a photo of her father and Mr. Zhan Zhanxi. Mr. Tuoshilu studied the photos for a long time and slowly told us: "Mr. Chen Zhanxi was my teacher when I was studying in Tangshan Institute of Technology. It was during the period of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression that Tangshan Jiaotong University in the north moved to Guizhou in order to avoid the disaster of war, and the location was Pingyao County (now Fuquan County). Mr. Chen Zhanxi is knowledgeable and has a high prestige in the mining and metallurgy field. He is regarded as a mine doctor. Whenever there is a difficult problem in the mine, it is easy to solve it by inviting him. Many of his students are now the backbone of the coal system, and they all admire and miss this teacher. Teacher Chen Zhanxi once told us that there is a lot of coal in his hometown, and I hope we can develop it after graduation. Alas! I have been practicing the teacher's entrustment for more than 50 years. "
Mr. Chen Zhanhao was born at an inopportune time, and spent most of his life in the semi-colonial and semi-feudal dark ages when China was bullied by imperialist powers. He cares about the country and the people, and struggles for the motherland to get rid of poverty and become rich in thorns. In his elegy to his classmate Qian Haoru, he once wrote: "You are buried underground today, and I have been working underground for a long time. Although static and dynamic are different, each of us came to the world to die. " He joked about underground mining as working in "death" and revealed his sadness at losing his classmates and resentment against the dark world in humor. 1926, the poem Ji Nong Mountain directly shouted out the words "The secluded road in the yellow world is full of thorns". Mr. Chen Zhanxi is full of geoscience knowledge and enthusiastic about serving the country. However, due to warlord melee, foreign invasion and years of war, he has been engaged in industrial construction, which has been disturbed and unprotected, and failed to show his grand plan. Mr. Chen Zhiping, the nephew of Mr. Chen Zhanxi, recalled that at a dinner party after the founding of New China, he heard Mr. Chen Zhanxi recite two sentences of the ancients with great emotion: "Emperor Wu writes well, and Wen Di is good at martial arts!" It is conceivable that he wanted to serve the country, but failed to show great ambition.
Mr. Chen Zhanxi was born at the right time. When the motherland was extremely poor and in urgent need of science and technology nutrition, he, together with his sons and daughters of the same era, retrieved the seeds of modern scientific knowledge from the west and worked hard to sow them. He established modern scientific organizations, scientific research institutions and academy departments in China, trained a large number of scientific and technological talents, and laid the foundation for the development of science and technology in China. Without Mr. Chen Zhanxi's contemporaries, there would be no thriving technology in China today.
Liu Haisu, a famous Chinese painter, commented on Mr. Chen Zhanxi as follows: "He is a decent scientist and educator, who earnestly explores the treasures of the motherland, diligently teaches knowledge, leads an honest and clean life, and does not collude with powerful people. Although he comes from a famous family, he has no bad habits of playboy, and he works hard and deserves respect. It has a place in the history of modern science in China. "
People will always remember those scientific pioneers who struggled in the thorns for the motherland to get rid of poverty and rejuvenate, and Mr. Chen Zhanxi will always be remembered.
Take the exam and contribute.
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[2] Chen Yiyan. Chen jiapu Zhanxigongchuan
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/wxpd/ds/SZ/t 2005 1008 _ 674 1 17。 Suffix of html file
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[1 1] Mao Yisheng is in Tangshan Jiaotong University. Frontier network:
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