Second, the medical and health service system covering urban and rural areas has been basically established. After decades of efforts, there are nearly 300,000 medical and health institutions at all levels, including medical treatment, prevention, health care and supervision. In 2004, the number of beds in various medical institutions reached 3.27 million, with an average of 3. 1 piece per thousand people (3.6, 0.8 and 1.7 in the United States, India and Nigeria respectively), and the total number of health workers was 5.25 million, with an average of 0. 5 medical practitioners per thousand people.
Third, the medical insurance system for urban workers was initially established, and the new rural cooperative medical system was piloted. After 10 years of efforts, China has basically established various forms of medical security systems for urban workers, such as basic medical insurance, supplementary medical insurance, free medical care and commercial medical insurance, which meet the requirements of the socialist market economy. At present, there are about 654.38+300 million urban workers participating in basic medical insurance, and about 50 million workers enjoying free medical care. Since 2003, a pilot project of the new rural cooperative medical system, which is funded by the central finance, local finance and farmers voluntarily, has been carried out in 3 1 counties of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government. In 2005, the number of farmers participating in the pilot project reached 654.38+56 million.
Fourth, significant progress has been made in the prevention and treatment of major infectious diseases. In the history of our country, infectious diseases used to be a serious threat to people's health and life safety. In the 1950s, the number of people who died of infectious diseases and parasitic diseases ranked first in China. After years of efforts, it has now fallen to the ninth place, and China countries have taken the lead in eradicating major infectious diseases such as smallpox and polio. Although China is a country with frequent natural disasters, it has successfully achieved no major epidemic after years of major disasters. In 2003, the fierce SARS epidemic was defeated, and the spread of avian influenza to human beings was successfully controlled in the past two years. We are earnestly implementing effective measures to establish and improve the prevention, control and medical treatment system of major infectious diseases such as AIDS, tuberculosis, schistosomiasis and hepatitis B.
Fifth, the level of maternal and child health care was further improved. Women and children are the focus of a country's health care, and their health level represents the overall health status of the population. China has always attached importance to and cared about the health problems of women and children. It has changed the traditional fertility model with high fertility rate and high mortality rate formed in the history of our country, and realized a virtuous circle of low fertility rate and low mortality rate. At present, the prenatal medical examination rate of pregnant women in China has reached 90%, and the hospital delivery rate (including delivery in township hospitals) has reached 83%. The infant mortality rate dropped from 200‰ in the early days of the People's Republic of China to 25.5‰ in 2003. The mortality rate of children under five years old dropped from 250-300 per thousand at the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China to 29.9 per thousand in 2003.
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Great achievements have been made in the development of medical and health services in China. In the nearly 60 years since the founding of New China, especially in the 30 years since the reform and opening-up, the China government has always worked hard to promote the sustained, stable and rapid development of the national economy, the country's economic strength has been continuously enhanced, social undertakings have made all-round progress, and people's lives have been continuously improved. At the same time, adhere to the policy of focusing on rural areas, giving priority to prevention, paying equal attention to Chinese and Western medicine, relying on science, technology and education, mobilizing the participation of the whole society, and serving people's health and socialist modernization, and vigorously promote the development of medical and health undertakings, and have made great achievements. By the end of 2005, the average life expectancy of China residents reached 73 years. In 2007, the infant mortality rate dropped to 15.3 per 100,000, and the maternal mortality rate dropped to 44.6 per 100,000. The medical system to ensure people's sustained health is becoming more and more perfect and effective.
The public health service system has been gradually improved. The ability to prevent and control major diseases has been significantly enhanced. Governments at all levels have continuously increased investment and vigorously reformed the existing health and epidemic prevention system. At the same time, they have launched thousands of new public health service projects, basically established a disease prevention and control system, an emergency medical treatment system and a health care supervision system covering urban and rural areas, and improved the disease monitoring network and the early warning and forecasting mechanism of infectious diseases. A relatively complete emergency plan system for public health emergencies has been formed. The state has clearly defined the prevention and control strategies and specific policies and measures for major infectious diseases such as AIDS, tuberculosis, hepatitis and schistosomiasis, implemented free drug treatment for patients, established a prevention and control mechanism for human infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza, strictly prevented and controlled new infectious diseases that may seriously threaten human health, expanded the number of free immune diseases to 15, made every effort to reduce the occurrence and prevalence of preventable and controllable diseases, and improved the maternal and child health care system. Actively carry out sales reduction projects and implement hospital delivery subsidies in rural areas in the vast areas of the central and western regions. It can be said that China has initially established a relatively effective public health service system, and the primary medical and health service system has been gradually improved.
The state formulates and implements the development and construction plan of rural health service system, vigorously strengthens the infrastructure construction of medical and health institutions at the county, township and village levels, improves the conditions of rural medical services, organizes and implements the rural health personnel training project, the rural health personnel recruitment project and the rural health project supported by 10,000 doctors, improves the rural medical and health level, and establishes a new urban community health service system based on community health services. More than 24,000 community health service institutions have been established. A sound urban and rural community health service system has significantly enhanced the accessibility of medical services, and urban and rural residents have gradually begun to enjoy safe, effective, convenient and inexpensive public health and basic medical services.
The medical security system for residents has been gradually improved. The fairness of medical and health care has been significantly enhanced. The new rural cooperative medical system has developed rapidly, covering 86% of counties, cities and districts in China, with 726 million participants. The basic medical insurance for urban workers has covered most enterprises and institutions and some non-public economic organizations, and the number of participants has reached 654.38+76 billion. The basic medical insurance for urban residents has been launched and will be extended to more than 50% of the cities and towns in China this year. At the same time, the urban and rural medical assistance system has been continuously improved. In addition, commercial medical insurance is also developing. It should be said that a basic medical insurance framework with China characteristics has been formed.