The thoughts in the early Tang Dynasty inherited the Confucianism in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, such as Justice in the Five Classics edited by Kong. Most of the ideas in Justice in the Five Classics were written by the great Confucianists in the Han and Jin Dynasties, especially Zheng Xuan.

The early Tang Dynasty was similar to the early Ming Dynasty. What the state does is to carry out the ideas of former philosophers. Great progress has taken place in thought since the Middle Tang Dynasty, and the thoughts of Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, Li Ao and Liu Yuxi are the link between the past and the future.

Moreover, the ideological value of Du Fu and Bai Juyi can not be ignored. They are not just poets. The so-called Confucian Classics in later generations should be called "Confucian Classics in Han, Jin and Tang Dynasties" in a strict sense, and the so-called Neo-Confucianism in later generations should be called "Neo-Confucianism in Tang, Song and Ming Dynasties".

literature

Poetry is the most developed literary achievement in the Tang Dynasty. The Complete Poems of Tang Dynasty compiled by Qing Dynasty contains more than 48,900 poems by more than 2,200 poets, which is not all. The poets in the early Tang Dynasty are most famous for their "four outstanding poets in the early Tang Dynasty" (Yang Jiong, Lu, Luo).

Poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty can be divided into pastoral schools represented by Wang Wei and Meng Haoran and frontier schools represented by Cen Can and Wang Changling. Among them, Li Bai, a poet, and Du Fu, a poet saint, are the most famous. Li Bai's poems are free and easy, full of romance.

Du Fu's poems are more realistic. Bai Juyi is the most outstanding poet in the middle Tang Dynasty, and his poems are easy to understand. In addition, there are Yuan Zhen, Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, Liu Yuxi and Li He. Li Shangyin and Du Mu are the most outstanding poets in the late Tang Dynasty, and they are called "Little Du Li".

Although there were still outstanding poets in the later Song, Ming and Qing Dynasties, their overall level was not as good as that of the Tang Dynasty, and Tang poetry became the insurmountable peak of China's ancient poetry.

Historical science

The historiography of the Tang Dynasty initiated the official opening of the National Museum to revise history. During the Zhenguan period, the official history compiled by the Historical Museum by imperial edict included The Book of Jin, Liang Shu, The Book of Northern Qi, Zhou Shu and Sui Shu.

Together with li yanshou's privately written History of the South and History of the North, eight of the twenty-four histories were published in the Tang Dynasty, accounting for one third of the total.

Official history books are written quickly and collected in detail, enriching the national historical archives. However, due to the direct control of the rulers, there will be some exaggerated behaviors according to political needs when compiling books.

In addition, there is Du You's political work General Canon, which expands the political classics, and Liu Zhiji's monograph Shi Tong. Du You paid special attention to finance, economy and laws and regulations, and thought that there were many places in history that could be adopted and imitated by real politics.

education

Schools in the Tang Dynasty were mainly government-run. Imperial academy is located in the central government, and has jurisdiction over six schools, namely, Guo Zi, imperial academy, Four Schools, Law, Calligraphy and Mathematics. These schools mainly recruit children of aristocratic bureaucrats and a small number of children of civilians.

Taught by doctors and teaching assistants, students are called apprentices. Confucian classics, mainly the Nine Classics, are taught by Guozixue, imperial academy and Four Schools, and are recruited according to the level of students' official positions.

The Tang Dynasty (6 18-907) is one of the most important dynasties in the history of China, and it is also recognized as one of the most powerful times in China.

In May of 6 18, Li Yuan proclaimed himself emperor, and made the country Tang and Li Yuan as emperor. After Li Shimin ascended the throne, he changed the Yuan Dynasty to Zhenguan. Through a series of reforms, the Tang Dynasty reached its peak, which was called "Zhenguan rule" in history.

After Emperor Gaozong ascended the throne, Wu Zetian gradually came to power. In 690 AD, Wu Zetian proclaimed himself emperor, changed "Tang" to "Zhou", and called him the Holy Spirit Emperor. Wuhou became the only woman who claimed to be the emperor in the history of China, and she reigned for more than 50 years.

After the death of Wu Zetian, the political situation was once chaotic, and Xuanzong ascended the throne in the later Tang Dynasty. At this time, the politics was relatively clear and the economy developed rapidly, and the Tang Dynasty entered its heyday, which was called "Kaiyuan Shi Sheng" in history. This period is considered to be the second heyday in the history of China after the period of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty.

In his later years, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty indulged in pleasure and did not ask about state affairs. Post-An Lushan used political corruption and military emptiness to launch a rebellion with Shi Siming, which is called "An Shi Rebellion" in history.

Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty fled to Chengdu, and Prince Hengli proclaimed himself emperor in Lingwu for the sake of Tang Suzong and Xuanzong. An Lushan claimed to be the Great Yan Emperor, with the title of Wu Sheng. It took eight years for the rebellion to be put down. The Tang Dynasty was greatly weakened, and from then on it turned from prosperity to decline.

In the late Tang dynasty, there was a situation in which the party between Niu and Li fought and eunuchs participated in politics, and political affairs gradually darkened, which was finally destroyed by the buffer region.

Due to the developed economy, the culture of the Tang Dynasty was also in a leading position in the world at that time, and cultural exchanges with many countries in the world were very frequent. South Korea and Japan sent many international students to study in Chang 'an.

The friendly exchanges between the Tang Dynasty and the Arab region made jadeite, pepper and Islam first introduced to China. 40% of the murals and sculptures in Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes are works of the Tang Dynasty.

Extended data

During the Tang Dynasty, China's social economy was on the rise, and its culture was advanced. It was a period when China's culture and technology were exported to neighboring countries in history, and it was an inclusive social atmosphere.

It also provided an unprecedented exchange and integration environment for all ethnic groups who have entered Serbia since the Sixteen Countries of Wuhu, and also learned a lot from foreign civilizations in the process.

In the second half of the Tang Dynasty, China was in a historical transition period. The reform of soil, salt, iron and tax system marks the slow change of society, the growth of separatist forces in buffer regions and the formation of neighboring nation States, which have had a far-reaching impact on the history of China in the past thousand years.

References:

Baidu Encyclopedia-Tang Dynasty Culture